public transport

精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创1/25PUBLICTRANSPORT莲山课件MMODULE7UNIT4PUBLICTRANSPORT新课标单词UNDERGROUNDN地铁COMMONLYADV一般地，通常地DISTINCTIONN声誉，名声，区别，差别DISTANTADJ远的，遥远的HISTORICADJ有历史意义的，历史上著名的VEHICLEN车辆，交通工具TRANSPORTVTN运输，运送，输送，搬运SHUTTLEN短程往返运行的公共汽车（或火车等）；梭，梭子；航天飞机BENEATHPREPADV在之下COMPARATIVELYADV比较而言，相对地NARROWADJ窄的，狭窄的；狭隘的MIDDLEN中间，中部ADVANCEDADJ高级的，先进的ACCELERATEVT加速，促进PACEN步伐，速度INCONVENIENTADJ不方便的，不便利的SEPARATELYADV分别地，单独地，各自地ACQUISITIONN尤指通过努力取得，获得；学到EXPANSIONN扩充，扩展，扩大，发展CONNECTIONN连接；精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创2/25连接物；联系；关系FUNCTIONVI起作用；工作，活动，运转ANNIVERSARYN周年纪念；周年纪念日EFFECTIVELYADV有效地PERMITVTVI允许，准许，许可N许可证；执照；通行证SIGHTSEEINGN观光，游览DISCOUNTN折扣，打折OFFICIALN官员HORRIBLEADJ可怕的，恐怖的；极其讨厌的，让人非常难受的，特别糟糕的INCREASEN增加，增长CYCLEVI骑自行车AIMVI目的是，打算；瞄准，对准VT将瞄准，将指向N目标，目的CONFUSEVT使糊涂，使困惑；使混乱；混淆TIREVT使厌倦，使厌烦；使疲劳ANNOYVT使恼怒，使生气，使烦恼；打搅，干扰，骚扰UNDERTAKEVT承担，担任；着手做，开始进行，从事SACRIFICEVT牺牲，奉献BEYONDPREP在先之外，超出MODESTADJ适度的，适中的，不过分的；谦虚的，谦让的POSTPONEVT推迟，延迟，使延期SPEEDVTVI加速TIMETABLEN时间表DEPARTUREN离开，启程，出发REPAIRN修理，修补PUNCTUALADJ准时的，准点的；守时的RELIABLEADJ可靠精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创3/25的，可信赖的ARISEVI发生，产生，形成；起立，起身；起床；起义EXTREMEADJ极端的，极度的CAUSEN原因，起因；事业PEDESTRIANN行人，步行者LORRYN卡车SIGNALVI发信号SURROUNDINGADJ周围的；环绕的N周围环境IMPATIENTADJ不耐烦的，没耐心的，急不可耐的AGGRESSIVEADJ好斗的，侵略性的，咄咄逼人的FINEVT罚的款，处以罚金N罚金，罚款CONCENTRATIONN专心，专注；集中IRRESPONSIBLEADJ不负责任的IRRESPONSIBLEADJ不负责任的ASSUMPTIONN假定，臆想OVERLOADVT使超载，使过载UNSTEADYADJ不稳定的，摇摆的，摇晃INVITATIONN诱因；邀请；请帖INCORRECTLYADV不正确地，错误地ORDERLYADJ有秩序的，秩序井然的，有条理的课文出现短语1PICKUP2CAUSEDAMAGETO3BENEATHTHESURFACE4FARFROM5INUSE6WHYNOTDO7GOSIGHTSEEING8INTHEHOPEOF9SPEEDUP10UNDERREPAIR11PROTECTSBFROMDANGER12PAYATTENTIONTO13RISKYOURLIFE14AVOIDCAUSINGACCIDENTS精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创4/2515ACOUPLEOF16DROPOFF17CHOKEOFFTRAFFIC18LINKUP19SETUP20FUNCTIONAS21PERMITSBTODO22ATADISCOUNT23MAKEBETTERUSEOF24WASHAWAY25ARISEFROM26BEAIMEDAT27LEADTOCRASHES28WATCHOUTFOR29INNEEDOF30BEUPTOSB31ASITISKNOWN32LEADTO33ACCELERATETHEPACE34BERESPONSIBLEFOR35INHONORFOR36APLACEOFINTEREST37BEMADEUPOF38MAKEUPFOR39CAUSEDEATHSANDINJURIES40TRAFFICJAM41BEAWAREOF42BEFINEDFOR43BELIKELYTO44INGOODCONDITION一单词应用根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填写正确单词，注意形式变化。1UPTONOW,MANYPEOPLEHAVEAGREEDTHATT_ISANIMPORTANTPARTOFOURLIVES2INTHE19THCENTURY,S_TRAINSHELPEDPEOPLETRAVELALLOVERTHEWORLD3INTHEPAST,MANYOLDMENDONTBELIEVEBUSESCANCARRYPEOPLEO_LONGDISTANCE4IFYOUGOTOBRITAIN,YOUWILLSEETHESIGNATTHESTATION,“精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创5/25WELCOMETOTHELONDONU_”5MOSTTRAINSWENTTOTHEDISTANTB_OFTHECITYINTHENORTHERNPARTOFTHECOUNTRY6CARSONTHEROADCANC_OFFTRAFFIC,SOSOMEEXPERTSDONTAGREECARSMASSPRODUCTION7THEFIRSTTUNNELSWEREJUSTB_THESURFACEOFTHEGROUND8SOMETIMES,TRAVELINGONTHESELINESWASVERYI_SOYOUHADBETTERGOBYCAR9MANYCAVESINTHEMOUNTAINSF_ASBOMBSHELTERSDURINGWARTIMES10SOMEEXPERTSINTHISFIELDTHINKTHISHELPSMAKETHESYSTEMMOREU_11ITISREPORTEDTHATTHETRAINLINESWEREPLACEDUNDERTHE_（权力机构）OFTHEBOARD12ITWASINTERESTINGTOKNOWABOUTTHELONDON_（地铁）DEVELOPED13THECITYHASGOODAIR_（连接）WITHMOSTLARGECITIESONTHECHINESEMAINLAND14THESTORMS_冲走AWAYSOILALONGTHEROADLASTNIGHT,WHICHMADECHILDRENFRIGHTENED精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创6/2515THEDEATHS_（发生，形成）FROMTHOSEACCIDENTSHASINCREASEDINTHEPASTTENYEARS16WEMUSTALLBE_（意识到）OFTHEPOTENTIALCAUSESOFTRAFFICACCIDENTSANDACTTOPREVENTTHEM17YOUARE_（违反）THELAWANDRISKINGYOUROWNLIFEASWELLASTHELIVESOFOTHERS18ITIS_（由决定）TOALLOFUSROADUSERSTOMAKESURETHATWEMUSTAVOIDACCIDENT19MANY_（骑车的人）DONOTPAYATTENTIONTOTHECARSAROUNDTHEMSOITCANLEADTOACCIDENTS20WEMUSTPAYATTENTIONTOROAD_（安全）ONLYINTHISWAYCANWEKEEPUSSAFE二词型转换1、COMPARATIVEADJ_N2、EFFECTIVELYADV_N3、PATIENTADJ_N_反4、CONCENTRATIONN_V5、STEADYADJ_ADV6INVITEV_N_ADJ7、AWAREADJ_N_反8EXPECTV精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创7/25_ADJ_N9、PERMITV_N允许10、FORTUNEN_ADJ11CONNECTVT_N12RESPONSIBLEADJ_OPP13RELYVI_ADJ14DISTANTADJ_N15EXPANSIONN_VT16CONVENIENTADJ_N17SEPARATEADJ/VT_ADV三句型结构基本句型1ITHASTHEDISTINCTIONOFBEINGTHEOLDESTANDMOSTCOMPLEXUNDERGROUNDSYSTEMINTHEWORLD2MOSTTRAINSINTOLONDONONLYWENTTOTHEDISTANTBOUNDARYOFTHECITYBECAUSEBUILDINGRAILWAYTRACKSINTOTHECITYWOULDHAVECAUSEDDAMAGETOMANYHISTORICBUILDINGS3PASSENGERSWERETRANSPORTEDINCARRIAGESWITHOUTWINDOWS,WHICHWEREPULLEDTHROUGHTHECOMPARATIVELYNARROWTUNNELSBYSTEAMENGINES4HAVINGSEENTHESITUATION,AWEALTHYAMERICANBUSINESSMA精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创8/25N,CHARLESYERKES,TRIEDTOIMPROVETHESYSTEMBYBUYINGMANYOFTHEDIFFERENTLINESANDSETTINGUPTHEUNDERGROUNDGROUP5ALLTHEDIFFERENTBUSANDTRAINLINESWEREPLACEDUNDERTHEAUTHORITYOFTHEBOARD6THELONDONUNDERGROUNDSYSTEMISWORKINGTOTRANSPORTMILLIONSOFPEOPLEEFFECTIVELYASITHASDONEFORMANYYEARS7THISNOTICEISAIMEDATINCREASINGPEOPLESAWARENESSOFTHEPROBLEMBECAUSEITHASBECOMEQUITEEXTREME8DRIVERSHAVETOTAKETHERESPONSIBILITYTOWATCHOUTFORPEOPLECROSSINGTHEROAD,ESPECIALLYOLDERPEOPLEWHOMAYWALKSLOWLYANDYOUNGCHILDRENWHOMAYNOTLOOKBEFORESTEPPINGINTOTHEROAD9MANYCYCLISTSDONOTPAYATTENTIONTOTHECARSTHATSURROUNDTHEMANDOFTENRIDETOOCLOSETOCARSTOALLOWTHEMSPACEANDTIMETOSTOP10THISLACKOFCONTROLISANINVITATIONTOACCIDENTS11SOMECYCLISTSMAKETHEASSUMPTIONTHATTRAFFICLAWSDONOTAPPLYTOTHEM四句型拓展1HOWEVER,MOSTTRAINSINTOLONDONONLYWENTTOTHEDISTANTBOUNDARYOFTHECITYBECAUSEBUILDINGRAILWAYTRACKSINTOTHECITYWOULDHAVECAUSEDDAMAGETOMANYHISTORICBUILDINGSP精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创9/2550但是大部分通往伦敦的火车只到伦敦城的远郊，因为在市区内修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。DISTANTADJADISTANTCOUNTRYSHECOULDHEARTHEDISTANTSOUNDOFFIREWORKSEXPLODINGINTHEDISTANTPAST/FUTUREATSOMEPOINTINTHEDISTANTFUTUREIWOULDLIKETOHAVEMYOWNHOUSEQUITESOONTHEYPLANTOHAVECHILDRENINTHENOTTOODISTANTFUTUREDISTANCENCORUHETRAVELSQUITEADISTANCEALONGWAYTOWORKEVERYDAYDOESSHELIVEWITHINWALKINGDISTANCEOFHERPARENTS高考链接THEFACESOFFOURFAMOUSAMERICANPRESIDENTSONMOUNTRUSHMORECANBESEENFROMA_OF60MILES（2004全国）ALENGTHBDISTANCECWAYDSPACE答案BHISTORICADJHISTORICBUILDINGSAHISTORICDAY/MOMENTINAHISTORICVOTE,THECHURCHOFENGLANDDECIDEDTOALLOWWOMENTOBECOMEPRIESTSHISTORICALADJCONNECTEDWITHTHESTUDYORREPRESENTATIONOFTHINGSFROMTHEPAST精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创10/25SHESPECIALIZESINHISTORICALNOVELSSETINEIGHTEENTHCENTURYENGLANDHISTORICALLYADVTHEFILMMAKESNOATTEMPTTOBEHISTORICALLYACCURATEHISTORICALLYOVERALONGPERIODINTHEPAST,THEREHAVEALWAYSBEENCLOSELINKSBETWEENFRANCEANDSCOTLAND2UNFORTUNATELY,THEINCREASEDNUMBEROFVEHICLESONTHEROADCHOKEDOFFTRAFFIC,ANDTHEROADBECAMESOBUSYTHATNOONECOULDTRAVELANYWHEREP50不幸的是马路上增加的车辆把道路堵得水泄不通，交通变得如此拥挤以致于每个人都寸步难行。CHOKENCV窒息；堵塞；阻塞THECHILDSWALLOWEDAPENANDCHOCKEDTODEATHTHEROADSTOTHECOASTWERECHOKEDWITHTRAFFIC引申CHOCKBACK忍住，抑制CHOCKUP因激动等说不出话来自我检测DURINGTHERUSHHOURSTHEROADSAREUSUALLY_UPWITHTRAFFICACHOCKEDBCROWDEDCBLOCKEDDCHECKED答案A3THEFIRSTTUNNELSWEREOPENEDIN1863ANDWEREJUSTBENEATH精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创11/25THESURFACEOFTHEGROUNDP50首批地铁隧道于1863年开通，他们紧靠地面。BENEATHPREP低于，在之下比较1UNDERPREPINAD79THECITYOFPOMPEIWASBURIEDUNDERALAYEROFASHSEVENMETERSDEEP2BELOWADV,PREPFROMTHETOPOFTHESKYSCRAPERTHECARSBELOWUSLOOKEDLIKEINSECTSTHEYHAVETHREECHILDRENBELOWTHEAGEOFYOUNGERTHANFOUR4SIXTEENYEARSLATER,IN1884,THEMETROPOLITANRAILWAYCOMPANYANDTHEMETROPOLITANDISTRICTRAILWAYLINKEDUPANDPROVIDEDTHEUNDERGROUNDSERVICEINTHEMIDDLEOFTHECITYP5016年后，于1884年大都会铁路公司于大都会区铁路公司取得联系共同为城市中部提供地铁服务。LINKVTTHEUSEOFCFCSHASBEENLINKEDTOTHEDEPLETIONOFTHEOZONELAYERNCTHEIRLINKSWITHBRITAINARESTILLSTRONGLINKUPTHEYLINKEDUPTWOAREASBYTELEPHONE用法拓展BECONNECTEDWITH与相接，和有联系精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创12/255THESENEWWAYSOFDIGGINGACCELERATEDTHEPACEOFTHELONDONUNDERGROUNDSDEVELOPMENTP50这些新的隧道开挖方法加快了伦敦地铁的发展脚步。ACCELERATEVIIACCELERATEDTOOVERTAKETHEBUSCOMPAREDECELERATEVITHECARDECELERATEDATTHESIGHTOFTHEPOLICECARACCELERATEDADJ加速的ACCELERATIONN加速度自我检测ADRIVER_HISCARWHENHEMAKESITGOFASTERORINCREASEDITSSPEEDAMODIFIESBDUPLICATESCACCELERATESDSTIMULATES答案CPACENUASLOW/FASTPACEWHENSHETHOUGHTSHEHEARDSOMEONEFOLLOWINGHER,SHEQUICKENEDHERPACETHESECHANGESSEEMTOMETOBEHAPPENINGATTOOFASTAPACE引申KEEPPACEWITH与并驾齐驱ATAPACE以的速度自我检测MANYPEOPLECOMPLAINOFRAPID_OFMODERNLIFEARATEBSPEEDCPACEDGROWTH答案C精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创13/256TRAVELINGONTHESELINESWASINCONVENIENT,THOUGH,ASEACHLINEWASSEPARATELYOWNEDANDMANYWEREVERYFARFROMEACHOTHERP50然而搭乘这些线路很不方便，因为每条线都分别各归其主而且许多线路之间相距甚远。INCONVENIENTADJANINCONVENIENTTIME/PLACEITWILLBEVERYINCONVENIENTFORMETOHAVENOCARINCONVENIENCENCORUHAVINGTOWAITFORTENMINUTESWASAMINORINCONVENIENCE7AFTERHISACQUISITIONOFTHELINES,EACHONEWASGIVENANAMEANDMOSTOFTHENAMESARESTILLUSEDTODAYP51收购后他给每条线起了名字，很多名字至今还在使用。ACQUIREVTIWASWEARINGANEWLY/RECENTLYACQUIREDJACKETDURINGTHISPERIODHEACQUIREDAREPUTATIONFORBEINGAWOMANIZERACQUISITIONNCORUILIKEYOUREARRINGSARETHEYARECENTACQUISITIONDIDYOUGETTHEMRECENTLY8THELASTLINEADDEDWASTHEJUBILEELINEIN1977INHONOROFTHETWENTYFIFTHANNIVERSARYOFQUEENELIZABETHSCROWNINGP51HONORAQUALITYTHATCOMBINESRESPECT,PRIDEANDHONESTY精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创14/25AMANOFHONOURWEFOUGHTFORTHEHONOUROFOURCOUNTRYNCSHERECEIVEDANHONOURFORHERSERVICESTOTHECOMMUNITYHEWASBURIEDWITHFULLMILITARYHONOURSWITHASPECIALCELEBRATIONTOSHOWRESPECTINHONOUROFSB/STHINORDERTOCELEBRATEORSHOWGREATRESPECTFORSOMEONEORSTH高考链接MYSISTERWASAGAINSTMYSUGGESTIONWHILEMYBROTHERWAS_IT2006陕西AINFAVOROFBINMEMORYOFCINHONOUROFDINSEARCHOF答案A9VISITOURTICKETOFFICEANDBUYONEOFTHETRAVELCARDSTHATPERMITYOUTOTRAVELALLOVERTHEUNDERGROUNDSYSTEMP51PERMITTTVTTHEREGULATIONSDONOTPERMITMUCHFLEXIBILITYINGFORMOFVERBTHEPRISONAUTHORITIESPERMITVISITINGONLYONCEAMONTHASITWASSUCHASPECIALOCCASION,SHEPERMITTEDHERSELFASMALLGLASSOFCHAMPAGNE10THISINCLUDESDATESORYEARSINTHEORDEROFTHEDEVELOPMENTP51精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创15/25ORDERNUINORDEROF以的顺序THECHILDRENLINEDUPINORDEROFAGE/HEIGHTPUTTHEFILESINALPHABETICAL/CHRONOLOGICALORDER高考链接YOUHAVEBEENSITTINGONMYHATANDNOWITISBADLYOUTOF_2006广东ADATEBSHAPECORDERDBALANCE答案B11THEBROCHUREYOUHAVEJUSTREADREFERSTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHELONDONUNDERGROUNDTHATSTARTEDIN1854P51REFERTOPHRASALVERB1HEALWAYSREFERSTOTHEHOUSEASHIS“REFUGE“2IFWRITINGORINFORMATIONREFERSTOSOMEONEORSTH,ITRELATESTOTHATPERSONORTHINGTHENEWSALARYSCALEONLYREFERSTOCOMPANYMANAGERSANDDIRECTORS12IBOUGHTATICKETATADISCOUNTANDRODETHEUNDERGROUNDTHREETIMESP53DISCOUNTNCTHEYUSUALLYGIVEYOUADISCOUNTIFYOUBUYMULTIPLECOPIESVTYOUSHOULDNTDISCOUNTTHEPOSSIBILITYOFHIMCOMINGBACK精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创16/25ATADISCOUNT打折自我检测THEYSELLTHESWEATER_ADISCOUNTOF30PERCENTAONBFORCATDWITH答案C五完成句子1两家机构为了帮助贫穷儿童联合举办了一场慈善活动。）THETWOORGANIZATIONS_TOHOLDACHARITYEVENTFORTHEPOORCHILDREN2这些新的挖掘方法加快了伦敦地铁的发展步伐。（ACCELERATETHEPACEOF）THESENEWWAYSOFDIGGING_THELONDONUNDERGROUNDSDEVELOPMENT3一般说来，人们喜欢买各种各样的减价商品。（DISCOUNT）_,PEOPLELIKETOBUYALLKINDSOFTHINGS_4因缺乏交流而引发的家庭问题越来越多。（ARISEFROM）THEREAREMOREANDMOREFAMILYPROBLEMS_COMMUNICATION5由于不知道坐哪路车，她向我们求助。（NOTKNOWING）NOTKNOWINGWHICHBUSTOTAKE,SHE_精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创17/25_六语法应用非谓语动词VING形式作定语1单个的VING形式可以作前置定语，表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。ANORDINARYLOOKINGHOUSEAHOUSETHATLOOKSORDINARY看起来很普通的房子APUZZLINGPROBLEMAPROBLEMTHATPUZZLESSOMEBODY困扰人的问题2作定语的VING形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。THEBOTTLECONTAININGVINEGARSHOULDBESENTTOTHELABORATORY装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去THEYLIVEDINAHOUSEFACINGSOUTH他们住在一所朝南的房子里。3某些情况下，定语不能用VING形式，必须用定语从句。作定语的动词ING形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创18/25昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。【误】THEPROFESSORCOMINGHEREYESTERDAYWILLGIVEUSALECTURE【正】THEPROFESSORWHOCAMEHEREYESTERDAYWILLGIVEUSALECTUREVING形式的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。【误】THETEMPLEHAVINGBEENDESTROYEDBYTHEEARTHQUAKEWILLBEREBUILTSOON【正】THETEMPLEWHICHHASBEENDESTROYEDBYTHEEARTHQUAKEWILLBEREBUILTSOONVED形式作定语1单个动词ED形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。AWATCHEDPOTNEVERBOILS心急锅不开。WHENWEARRIVED,WEEACHWEREGIVENAPRINTEDQUESTIONPAPER我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。提示如要表示强调，单个动词ED形式也可作后置定语。MONEYSPENTISMORETHANMONEYEARNED入不敷出。2带有修饰语或其他成分的VED形式一般都作后置定语，精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创19/25在语法上相当于一个定语从句。被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。THEMEETING,ATTENDEDBYONETHOUSANDSTUDENTS,WASASUCCESS这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席了。AWOMANDRESSEDLIKEALAWYERCAMEINANDTOOKHERSEATASJUDGE一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。VING和VED形式作定语的区别1及物动词的ING形式作定语表示与被修饰名词是主动关系，及物动词的ED形式表示与被修饰名词是被动关系。THEGROUPCALLEDGREENHANDISTRYINGTOHELPTHEENVIRONMENT2不及物动词ING形式表示动词正在进行，而VED形式表示动作已完成。THERISINGSUN正在升起的太阳THERISENSUN升起了的太阳FALLINGLEAVES正在飘落的叶子FALLENLEAVES落叶不及物动词ED形式只表示完成的意义，并不带有被动的含义。ANESCAPEDPRISONERAPRISONERWHOHASESCAPED逃犯ARETIREDWORKERAWORKERWHOHASRETIRED退休工人ANEWLYARRIVEDGUESTAGUESTWHOHASJUSTARRIVED新来的客人ASADVERBS精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创20/25VING形式作状语动词ING形式可以作状语，修饰动词，其动作执行者与句子主语是主动一致。在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词ING形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。HAVINGMADEFULLPREPARATIONS,WEAREREADYFORTHEEXAMINATIONAFTERWEHAVEMADEFULLPREPARATIONS2表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。BEINGILL,HEDIDNTGOTOSCHOOLYESTERDAYSINCEHEWASILL3表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。HISFATHERDIED,LEAVINGHIMALOTOFMONEYANDLEFTHIMALOTOFMONEY4表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。WORKINGHARDATYOURLESSONS,YOUWILLSUCCEEDIFYOUWORKHARDATYOURLESSONS5表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。KNOWINGALLTHIS,THEYMADEMEPAYFORTHEDAMAGEALTHOUGHTHEYKNEWALLTHIS精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创21/256表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。HELAYONTHEGRASS,STARINGATTHESKYFORALONGTIMEANDSTAREDATTHESKYFORALONGTIMEVED形式作状语动词ED形式作状语和动词ING形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。但其动作执行者与句子主语是被动一致。1动词ED形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。COMPLETELYEXAMINEDBYTHEDOCTORS,HEWENTBACKTOSCHOOLRIGHTAWAYAFTERHEWASCOMPLETELYEXAMINED有时动词ED形式前可加连词WHEN,WHILE等来强调时间概念。ONCERECOVERED,HEWENTALLOUTTODOHISWORK一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。ONCESTARTED,THECLOCKWILLGOHALFAMONTHANDKEEPGOODTIME一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。2动词ED形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。MOVEDBYTHEHEROICDEEDS,THECHILDRENCOULDNTHELPCRYING精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创22/25SINCETHEYWEREMOVEDBYTHEHEROICDEEDS3动词ED形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。COMPAREDWITHOTHERPROFESSORS,SHEWASANEXCELLENTSPEAKERIFSHEWASCOMPAREDWITHOTHERPROFESSORS4动词ED形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个THOUGH/ALTHOUGH引导的让步状语从句。EXHAUSTEDBYTHERUNNING,THEYWENTONRUNNINGAFTERTHEROBBERALTHOUGHTHEYWEREEXHAUSTEDBYTHERUNNING为了使ED形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。EVENIFINVITED,IWONTGO即使受到邀请，我也不去。THOUGHBEATENBYTHEOPPOSITETEAM,THEYDIDNOTLOSEHEART5动词ED形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。THETEACHERSTOODTHERE,SURROUNDEDBYTHESTUDENTSANDHEWASSURROUNDED七翻译句子