2013年职称英语等级考试模拟题b4.doc

2013年职称英语等级考试模拟题九（理工类B级）第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. He was a very cute boy but now he seems to have no interest in anything.A. clever B. honest C. brave D. dull2. Data from Voyager II have presented astronomers with a puzzle about why our outermost planet exists. A. problem B. mystery C. question D. point3. The film originated from a short story.A. resulted B. derived C. heard D. made4. After supper we usually take a stroll around the park for about an hour. A. walk B. rest C. bath D. breath5. This is a subject that has now moved into the political domain.A. extent B. zone C. area D. competition 6. She is noted for her generous contribution for the relief of the poor. A. charged B. accused C. famous D. responsible7. He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee.A. spread B. open C. show D. examine8. You startled me when you shouted. A. threatened B. frightened C. interrupted D. troubled9. It is said the houses along this street will soon be demolished. A. pulled down B. pulled up C. pulled off D. pulled in10. She tried to probe my mind and discover what I was thinking. A. solved B. explored C. involved D. exploded11. The parents have to restrain their daughter from running out into the street. A. disallow B. reduce C. prevent D. confine12. He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress. A. despair B. difficulties C. need D. danger13.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A. shaken B. fallen C. damaged D. trembled14. Thick clouds obscured the stars from view.A. darkened B. held C. blackened D. prevent15. The river was contaminated with waste. A. blackened B. polluted C. widened D. mixed第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。El Nino While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance1, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large El Nino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world. Using a computer, the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature. The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California. Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it “suggests2 El Nino is indeed predictable.” “This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods,” said Weare. He added that the new method “makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead times3.” Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said. The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance4. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading, England. The 1877 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the development of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said. When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report. While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed. El Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years. The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible. 16. The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance. A. Right B. Wrong C. No mentioned 17. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. Weares contribution in predicting El Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. A special institute has been set up in America to study El Nino. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第26段其中四段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Face masks may not protect from super-fluIf a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case.But its a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines. “We dont want people wearing them everywhere, ” said the CDC. “The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure.” When thats not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, youre healthy and cant avoid going to a crowded place. Second, youre sick and think you may have close contract with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone whos sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out.Influenza (流行性感冒) pandemic (全国流行的) can strike (打击) when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person.During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contract with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why cant mask added to this self-protection list? Because they help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze (打喷嚏). Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets (小滴). Besides, the CDC is afraidmasks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting (不合的) mask and hop on the subway instead.Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, youve been exposed. Its harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users.Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing.23.Paragraph 2 _24.Paragraph 3 _25.Paragraph 5 _26.Paragraph 6 _A.Reasons for Excluding Masks from the Self-protection ListB.Effort to Stop Flu SpreadingC.When to Use Face MasksD.Guidelines on Mask UseE.Warnings from the CDCF.Danger of Infection through Germy Hands and Masks27.The scientists are trying to find out if masks may or may not _.28.The CDC is afraid that the public may_.29.The public will not know the answer about masks until scientists _.30.We can infer from the passage that the US authorities _.A.overuse face masksB.deal with the mask problem seriouslyC.rub their faces and noses in the subwayD.protest against the mask guidelinesE.help protect people from being attacked by a fluF.announce the results of their mask research第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Putting Plants to WorkUsing the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts: Theyve been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years. Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches, stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unless youre a plant, its difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. Thats why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it. Some scientists are trying to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as miniature photosynthetic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo., is working with green algae. Shes trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently, the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity. The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in me lab. During photosynthesis, plants normally make sugars or starches. “But under certain conditions, a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch, but to make hydrogen.” Ghirardi says. For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment. Its the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time. Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. Its not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars, even when air is present. Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algaes cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen. The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere: “You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. Theres a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms. 31. What does the writer say about plants concerning solar energy?A. Plants are the real experts in producing solar energy.B. Plants have been used to produce solar energy.C. Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years.D. Plants have been a source of solar energy.32. Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight into carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches?A. Because they want algae to produce sugars and starches.B. Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy. C. Because they want to turn plant sugars to a new form of energy. D. Because they want to make photosynthesis more efficient. 33. According to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen? A. When there is a lot of oxygen in the air. B. When there is no oxygen in the air. C. When photosynthesis is taking place. D. When enough starch is stored.34. Researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently. Which one of the following is one such difficulty?A. It is not possible to remove sulfate from the environment.B. It is not possible to work in an airfree environment to produce hydrogen.C. It is not easy to make sugars instead of hydrogen.D. It 1s too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.35. What is NOT true of algae? A. They are easy to grow.B. They can be a very good fuel source.C. They are cheap to eat.D. They can be used in many ways.第二篇“Life Form Found” on Saturns TitanScientists say they have discovered hints of alien life on the Saturns moon. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency, NASA, analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini, which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturns biggest moon.Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are “breathing” in Titans dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titans planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This, they say, points to the existence of some “bugs” consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth.“We suggested hydrogen consumption because its the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,”says NASA scientist Chris McKay. “If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life, it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth.”To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere, though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titans surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.Scientists had expected the Suns interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titans surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titans surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator of the NASA Titan team.“Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,”Allen said. “We have a lot of work to do to rule out possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results.”36 .What have scientists found about Saturn?A .They have found a new moon orbiting Saturn.B. They have found methane-based life on Saturn.C. They have found methane-based life on Titan.D. They have found earthlike life on a Saturns moon.37. What do scientists say about Titan?A. There are life clues there.B. There is acetylene there.C. Water on Titan exists in the form of ice.D. Rivers and lakes there contain life formls.38. To date, scientists have not yet detected this form of life. (paragraph 5) What does “this formof life” refer to?A. Water-based life.B. Methane-based life.C. Liquid-water-based microorganisms.D. Gas-based life.39. What can be inferred from what Allen said?A. Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.B. Scientists all agree that there is life on Titan.C. Scientists all suggest that a biological explanation is reasonable.D. Scientists all agree that a non-biological chemical reaction is a possible explanation.40. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?A. Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.B. Finding of One More Moon of Saturn.C. Titan,a New Satellite Found.D. A different Life Form, a Possibility.第三篇Listening Device Provides Landslide Early WarningA device that provides early warningof a landslide by monitoring vibrations in soil is being testedby UK researchers. The device dould save thousands of lives each year by warning when an area should be evacuated, the scientists say. Such natural disasters are common in countries that experience sudden, heavy rainfall, and can also be triggered by earthequakes and even water erosion.Landslides start when a few particles of soil or rock within a slope start to move,but the early stages can be hard to spot. Following this initial movement,slopes can become unstable in a matter of hours or minutes, says Nell Kixon at Loughborough university, UK. He says a warning system that monitors this movement “might be enough to evac