化学化工专业英语复习.doc

一、元素（15分）01 氢 H Hydrogen 02 氦 He Helium 03 锂 Li Lithium 04 铍 Be Beryllium 05 硼 B Boron 06 碳 C Carbon 07 氮 N Nitrogen 08 氧 O Oxygen 09 氟 F Fluorine 10 氖 Ne Neon 11 钠 Na Sodium 12 镁 Mg Magnesium 13 铝 Al Aluminum 14 硅 Si Silicon 15 磷 P Phosphorus 16 硫 S Sulfur 17 氯 Cl Chlorine 18 氩 Ar Argon 19 钾 K Potassium 20 钙 Ca Calcium 22 钛 Ti Titanium 23 钒 V Vanadium24 铬 Cr Chromium 25 锰 Mn Manganese26 铁 Fe Iron 28 镍 Ni Nickel29 铜 Cu Copper 30 锌 Zn Zinc32 锗 Ge Germanium33 砷 As Arsenic 34 硒 Se Selenium35 溴 Br Bromine 47 银 Ag Silver 50 锡 Sn Tin 52 碲 Te Tellurium 53 碘 I Iodine 78 铂 Pt Platinum 79 金 Au Gold 80 汞 Hg Mercury 82 铅 Pb Lead 84 钋 Po Polonium85 砹 At Astatine 86 氡 Rn Radon二、无机化合物的命名 sulphuric acid HCl hydrochloric acid nitric acid nitrous acidHCN cyanic acid sodium sulfide cupric sulfate ferric sulfate perchloric acid KCN potassium cyanide ammonia chloride NaClO sodium hypochlorite NaOH potassium hydrate calcium hydroxide ferric oxide phosphoric anhydride hydrogen peroxide potassium chromate sodium carbonate Al2O3 Aluminum oxideNaBr sodium bromide Al(OH)3 Aluminum hydroxideFeCl3 Iron (III) chloride Ferric chlorideKH2PO4 Potassium di-hydrogen phosphateNaHSO4 Sodium hydrogen sulfate 配合物： Tetraammine diaquacarl copper (II) (aq) Tetrachlorocopper(II) Hexacyanoferrate(III)1到10的命名前缀(1)mono- (2)di- (3)tri- (4)tetra- (5)penta- (6)hexa-(7)hepta- (8)octa- (9)nona- (10)deca-简单离子的命名O2- Oxide F- Fluoride S2- Sulfide Cl- ChlorideOH- Hydroxide Br- BromideCN- Cyanide I- IodideH- Hydride 三 、有机物的命名烷烃 甲烷methane 乙烷ethane 丙烷propane 丁烷butane 戊烷pentane 己烷hexane 庚烷heptane 辛烷octane 壬烷nonane 癸烷decane20-alkane Icosane 21-alkane Henicosane 22-alkane Docosane30-Alkane Triacontane 31-Alkane Hentriacontane 32-Alkane Dotriacontane100 Alkane HectaneRadical = Alk -yl CH3- Methyl CH3CH2- Ethyl CH3CH2CH2- Propyl CH3(CH2)2CH2- Butyl2烯烃和炔烃CH2=CH2 Ethene CH2=C=CH2 1,2-Propadiene CH3CH=CHCH3 2-ButeneH2C=CH-CH=CH2 1,3-Butadiene 3芳香烃的命名英文缩写：英文简称英文全称中文全称ABAAcrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate丙烯腈/丁二烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物ABSAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物AESAcrylonitrile-ethylene-styrene丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物AMMAAcrylonitrile/methyl Methacrylate丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物ARPAromatic polyester聚芳香酯ASAcrylonitrile-styrene resin丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂ASAAcrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate丙烯腈/苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物CACellulose acetate醋酸纤维塑料CABCellulose acetate butyrate醋酸-丁酸纤维素塑料CAPCellulose acetate propionate醋酸-丙酸纤维素CECellulose plastics, general通用纤维素塑料CFCresol-formaldehyde甲酚-甲醛树脂CMCCarboxymethyl cellulose羧甲基纤维素CNCellulose nitrate硝酸纤维素CPCellulose propionate丙酸纤维素CPEChlorinated polyethylene氯化聚乙烯CPVCChlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)氯化聚氯乙烯CSCasein酪蛋白CTACellulose triacetate三醋酸纤维素ECEthyl cellulose乙烷纤维素EEAEthylene/ethyl acrylate乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物EMAEthylene/methacrylic acid乙烯/甲基丙烯酸共聚物EPEpoxy, epoxide环氧树脂EPDEthylene-propylene-diene乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物EPMEthylene-propylene polymer乙烯-丙烯共聚物EPSExpanded polystyrene发泡聚苯乙烯ETFEEthylene-tetrafluoroethylene乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物EVAEthylene/vinyl acetate乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物EVALEthylene-vinyl alcohol乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物FEPPerfluoro(ethylene-propylene)全氟（乙烯-丙烯）塑料FFFuran formaldehyde呋喃甲醛HDPEHigh-density polyethylene plastics高密度聚乙烯塑料HIPSHigh impact polystyrene高冲聚苯乙烯IPSImpact-resistant polystyre ne耐冲击聚苯乙烯LCPLiquid crystal polymer液晶聚合物LDPELow-density polyethylene plastics低密度聚乙烯塑料LLDPELinear low-density polyethylene线性低密聚乙烯LMDPELinear medium-density polyethylene线性中密聚乙烯MBSMethacrylate-butadiene-styrene甲基丙烯酸-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物MCMethyl cellulose甲基纤维素MDPEMedium-density polyethylene中密聚乙烯MFMelamine-formaldehyde resin密胺-甲醛树脂MPFMelamine/phenol-formaldehyde密胺/酚醛树脂PAPolyamide (nylon)聚酰胺（尼龙）PAAPoly(acrylic acid)聚丙烯酸PADCPoly(allyl diglycol carbonate)碳酸-二乙二醇酯 烯丙醇酯树脂PAEPolyarylether聚芳醚PAEKPolyaryletherketone聚芳醚酮PAIPolyamide-imide聚酰胺-酰亚胺英文简称英文全称中文全称PAKPolyester alkyd聚酯树脂PANPolyacrylonitrile聚丙烯腈PARAPolyaryl amide聚芳酰胺PASUPolyarylsulfone聚芳砜PATPolyarylate聚芳酯PAURPoly(ester urethane)聚酯型聚氨酯PBPolybutene-1聚丁烯-1PBAPoly(butyl acrylate)聚丙烯酸丁酯PBANPolybutadiene-acrylonitrile聚丁二烯-丙烯腈PBSPolybutadiene-styrene聚丁二烯-苯乙烯PBTPoly(butylene terephthalate)聚对苯二酸丁二酯PCPolycarbonate聚碳酸酯PCTFEPolychlorotrifluoroethylene聚氯三氟乙烯PDAPPoly(diallyl phthalate)聚对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯PEPolyethylene聚乙烯PEBAPolyether block amide聚醚嵌段酰胺PEBAThermoplastic elastomer polyether聚酯热塑弹性体PEEKPolyetheretherketone聚醚醚酮PEIPoly(etherimide)聚醚酰亚胺PEKPolyether ketone聚醚酮PEOPoly(ethylene oxide)聚环氧乙烷PESPoly(ether sulfone)聚醚砜PETPoly(ethylene terephthalate)聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯PETGPoly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol二醇类改性PETPEURPoly(ether urethane)聚醚型聚氨酯PFPhenol-formaldehyde resin酚醛树脂PFAPerfluoro(alkoxy alkane)全氟烷氧基树脂PFFPhenol-furfural resin酚呋喃树脂PIPolyimide聚酰亚胺PIBPolyisobutylene聚异丁烯PISUPolyimidesulfone聚酰亚胺砜PMCAPoly(methyl-alpha-chloroacrylate)聚-氯代丙烯酸甲酯PMMAPoly(methyl methacrylate)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯PMPPoly(4-methylpentene-1)聚4-甲基戊烯-1PMSPoly(alpha-methylstyrene)聚-甲基苯乙烯POMPolyoxymethylene, polyacetal聚甲醛PPPolypropylene聚丙烯PPAPolyphthalamide聚邻苯二甲酰胺PPEPoly(phenylene ether)聚苯醚PPOPoly(phenylene oxide) deprecated聚苯醚PPOXPoly(propylene oxide)聚环氧（丙）烷PPSPoly(phenylene sulfide)聚苯硫醚PPSUPoly(phenylene sulfone)聚苯砜PSPolystyrene聚苯乙烯PSUPolysulfone聚砜PTFEPolytetrafluoroethylene聚四氟乙烯PURPolyurethane聚氨酯PVACPoly(vinyl acetate)聚醋酸乙烯PVALPoly(vinyl alcohol)聚乙烯醇英文简称英文全称中文全称PVBPoly(vinyl butyral)聚乙烯醇缩丁醛PVCPoly(vinyl chloride)聚氯乙烯PVCAPoly(vinyl chloride-acetate)聚氯乙烯醋酸乙烯酯PVCCchlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)(*CPVC)氯化聚氯乙烯PVIpoly(vinyl isobutyl ether)聚(乙烯基异丁基醚)PVMpoly(vinyl chloride vinyl methyl ether)聚(氯乙烯-甲基乙烯基醚)RAMrestricted area molding窄面模塑RFresorcinol-formaldehyde resin甲苯二酚-甲醛树脂RIMreaction injection molding反应注射模塑RPreinforced plastics增强塑料RRIMreinforced reaction injection molding增强反应注射模塑RTPreinforced thermoplastics增强热塑性塑料S/ANstyrene-acryonitrile copolymer苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物SBSstyrene-butadiene block copolymer苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物SIsilicone聚硅氧烷SMCsheet molding compound片状模塑料S/MSstyrene-methylstyrene copolymer苯乙烯-甲基苯乙烯共聚物TMCthick molding compound厚片模塑料TPEthermoplastic elastomer热塑性弹性体TPStoughened polystyrene韧性聚苯乙烯TPUthermoplastic urethanes热塑性聚氨酯TPXploymethylpentene聚-4-甲基-1戊烯VG/Evinylchloride-ethylene copolymer聚乙烯-乙烯共聚物VC/E/MAvinylchloride-ethylene-methylacrylate copolymer聚乙烯-乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共 聚物VC/E/VCAvinylchloride-ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer氯乙烯-乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共 聚物PVDCPoly(vinylidene chloride)聚（偏二氯乙烯）PVDFPoly(vinylidene fluoride)聚（偏二氟乙烯）PVFPoly(vinyl fluoride)聚氟乙烯PVFMPoly(vinyl formal)聚乙烯醇缩甲醛PVKPolyvinylcarbazole聚乙烯咔唑PVPPolyvinylpyrrolidone聚乙烯吡咯烷酮S/MAStyrene-maleic anhydride plastic苯乙烯-马来酐塑料SANStyrene-acrylonitrile plastic苯乙烯-丙烯腈塑料SBStyrene-butadiene plastic苯乙烯-丁二烯塑料SiSilicone plastics有机硅塑料SMSStyrene/alpha-methylstyrene plastic苯乙烯-甲基苯乙烯塑料SPSaturated polyester plastic饱和聚酯塑料SRPStyrene-rubber plastics聚苯乙烯橡胶改性塑料TEEEThermoplastic Elastomer,Ether-Ester醚酯型热塑弹性体TEOThermoplastic Elastomer, Olefinic聚烯烃热塑弹性体TESThermoplastic Elastomer, Styrenic苯乙烯热塑性弹性体TPELThermoplastic elastomer热塑(性)弹性体TPESThermoplastic polyester热塑性聚酯TPURThermoplastic polyurethane热塑性聚氨酯TSURThermoset polyurethane热固聚氨酯UFUrea-formaldehyde resin脲甲醛树脂UHMWPEUltra-high molecular weight PE超高分子量聚乙烯UPUnsaturated polyester不饱和聚酯VCEVinyl chloride-ethylene resin氯乙烯/乙烯树脂VCEVVinyl chloride-ethylene-vinyl氯乙烯/乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物VCMAVinyl chloride-methyl acrylate氯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VCMMAVinyl chloride-methylmethacrylate氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VCOAVinyl chloride-octyl acrylate resin氯乙烯/丙烯酸辛酯树脂VCVACVinyl chloride-vinyl acetate resin氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯树脂VCVDCVinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride氯乙烯/偏氯乙烯共聚物四氢呋喃 Tetrahydrofuran C4H8O 简写：THF氯仿 Trichloromethane CHCl3 四、文献翻译碳族化合物的的成键原理Hybridisation and poverlap（杂化理论和P共轭理论） The ground state for carbon is 1S22S22P2，which means that the outer shell elecrons are of two kinds ,s and p, and yet carbon forms four identical bonds. The ground state is only the lowest energy state ; an alternative state of higher energy has the four outer electrons in sp3 hybrid orbitals which have some s and some p character. These s-p hybrid orbital can overlap better than s or p orbital so producing stronger and identical bonds. Elements in second period of the periodic table have p orbitals of the same size as oxygen and so form strong Pi bonds with oxygen. Silicon in the third period has larger p orbitals which do not match in size and over and overlap well with oxygens porbitals so strong pi bonds are not formed. 过渡金属元素的物理性质 Physical propertiesThe physical properties are dominated by the fact that the electrons with the highest energies go into an inner 3d orbital rather than the outer 4s orbital .These electrons in an underlying d orbital increase the electron repulsion on the outer 4s electrons. The elements are hard and have high m.p.s because they have high lattice energies.The lattice energies are high because the effective nuclear charge of the cations in the lattice is high, because the electrons in the d orbitals are bad at shielding the nuclear charge. The size of the atoms and ions do not decrase much as the d block is crossed. Although the atom of each successive element have one more proton in the nucleus , increasing the attraction on the outer 4s electrons,there is increased repulsion on these outer elecrons caused by the new electron in the inner d shell. The first ionization energies do not increase very much for the same reason. There are more protos attracting the electrons as one crosses the d block ,but also more inner electrons repelling the outer electrons. The two effects almost cancel out. 稳定性Stability.Alkanes are relatively inert,chemically ,since they are indifferent to reagents which react readily with alkenes or with aalkynes.n-Hexane,for example,is not attacked by concentrated sulfuric acid,boiling nitric acid, molten “sodium hydroxide,potassium permanganate.or chromic acid;with the exception of sodium hydroxide,these reagents all attack alkenes at room temperature.The few reactions of which alkanes are capable require a high temperature or special catalysis.芳香化合物用英语介绍自己感兴趣的化学和材料方面的方向和内容写简单一段短话Biomedical polymer materialsBiomedical polymer materials is an important component of the biomedical materials ，which is a kind of material being used for diagnosis, treatment and repairing and regenerating the organs. It has the function of extending patient life, improving patient survival quality, Biomedical polymer materials is the cross areas for development of material science, chemistry, life science and medicine. The researches and developments have great social needs, and also have significant economic demand. High performance medical polymer materials and equipment is the foundation of modern medicine diagnosis and treatment technology today, which promotes all kinds of new diagnosis and treatment means to appear constantly.生物医用高分子材料是生物医用材料的一个重要组成部分，是一类用于诊断、治疗和器官修复与再生的材料，具有延长病人生命、提高病人生存质量的作用，是材料科学、化学、生命科学和医学交叉的发展领域。其研究与开发既有重大的社会需求，也有重大的经济需求。高性能医用高分子材料和器械是现代医学各种诊断和治疗技术赖以存在的基础，并不断推动各种新诊断和治疗手段的出现。一些有机化合物的俗名二画二茂铁 二聚环戊二烯铁 Fe2三画山梨酸 己二烯-酸 CH3CH=CHCH=CHCOOH马来酐 顺丁烯二酸酐马来酸 顺丁烯二酸HOOCCH=CHCOOH 四画六氢吡啶氮杂环己烷 NH-(CH2)5火棉胶硝化纤维(1112%N)天冬氨酸丁氨二酸 HOOCCH2CH(NH2)COOH天冬酰胺 HOOCCH2CH(NH2)CONH2木醇甲醇木醚二甲醚 CH3OCH3牙托水 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3月桂酸 十二酸 CH3(CH2)10COOH月桂醛 十二醛月桂醇 十二醇乌洛托品环六次甲基四胺双酚AHO-苯-C(CH3)2-苯-OH巴豆酸 丁烯-酸 CH3CH=CHCOOH巴豆醛 丁烯-醛 CH3CH=CHCHO水杨酸 邻羟基苯甲酸 五画半胱氨酸beta-巯基丙氨酸 HSCH2CH(NH2)COOH平平加O 一种非离子表明活性剂,主要成分石聚氧化乙烯脂肪醇醚 RO(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2OH,其中R为C12C18的烷基,n为1516.甘油 丙三醇甘氨酸 氨基乙酸 H2NCH2COOH甘醇乙二醇甘露醇 己六醇可的松 11-脱氢-17羟基皮质菑酮,或称皮质酮石炭酸 苯酚龙胆紫系含义模糊的商业名称,文献上各有其说,一般为甲紫和糊精的等量混和物卡必醇 二甘醇单乙醚 HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH3尼古丁 烟碱,即1-甲基-2-(3-吡啶基)吡咯烷丝氨酸 beta-羟基丙氨酸 HOCH2CH(NH2)COOH 六画冰片 莰醇-衣康酸 甲叉丁二酸 CH2=C(COOH)-CH2COOH冰醋酸一般指