新国际音标发音规则.doc

国际音标和英语字母书写的联系从音标到字母和字母组合单元音： i: e: he, she, me, weea: tea, eat, meatee: see, tree, see ei: receive ey: key i: police, policeman, machineeo: peopleie: piece, field, believe, thief: a: orange, cabbageay: Sunday, holidaye: begin, English, pretty, cinema ey: monkey i: it, is, in, bigy: city, very, sorryu: busyui: build, building ai: captaine: a: any, many, anyone ai: said ay: says e: pen, bed, yes, egg, deskea: bread, head, breakfastu: bury:a: bag, am, and, at, sad:a: class, banana, father, afteral: half, palmar: car, far, park, arm, starau: aunt, laughear: heart: o: come, none, love, otheroo: blood, floodou: touch, country, enough, young u: bus, sun, but, cut, up, us:ear: learn, earth, early, hearder: her, term ir: first, girl, bird, skirt, sir, thirdor: work, word, worldur: nurse, turn, hurt, Thursdayyr: myrtle our: journalist, journal:a: along, about, banana, Canana, Chinae: student, open, children, differenti: holiday, Aprilo: today, welcome, policeu: minus, autumner: father, mother, brother, sisteror: doctor, forget, mirror ar: sugar re: metre, tired, fireou: delicious, previousur: surprise, Saturdayour: colour ure: picture, pleasureoar: cupboard yr: martyr, satyru:ew: flew, grew, review, Jewo: do, to, whooo: too, zoo, food, pool, boot, schoolou: soup, group, throughu: blue, glue, Juneui: fruit, juiceoe: shoe :o: woman, wolfoo: book, look, good, footoul: could, would, shouldu: put, sugar, full, push:(w)a: want, wash, watch, whato: hot, on, not, sorryou: cough au: Australia:(w)a: wateral: all, ball, call, fall, hall, mall, small, talk, tall, wall (w)ar: warm, quarterau: August, autumn, daughteraw: draw, saw, lawoor: door, floorore: more, before or: or, for, short, sportou: bought, brought, thoughtour: four, yourawe: awe, awed, awelessoar: board, blackboard, cardboardo: story双元音：a:i: time, like, nice, fine, fivey: my, by, whyi(g): sign, high, light, right ie: die, lie, tiee:a: name, cake, game, faceai: rain, train, waitay: day, may, okay, play, todayei: veil, veinei(gh): eight, eighteen, eightyey: theyea: great, break:e: zero, cereal, seriousea: real, really, idea, cerealere: here ear: ear, dear, hear, near, cleareer: beer, deer, pioneer:o: go, no, nose, homeow: show, know, yellow, windowoa: goat, boatou: shoulder, though oe: woe:ure: sure oor: poor our: toura:ou: out, about, house, blouseow: how, now, cowe:air: air, hair, chairare: care, hare, parentear: pear, wear, bearere: there, whereeir: their, theirsa: Mary:oi: oil, toilet, boil, soiloy: boy, toy, employee辅音：清辅成对辅音：p-b t-d k-g f-v s-z - - ts-dz t-d tr-dr 清音浊化：清辅音p t k tr等在s后重读时由送气音变为不送气音，即发其浊辅音b d g dr，但音标仍写成清辅音。如：sportsp:tstudentstju:dntskyska,streetstr i:t但弱读时s后的清辅音仍读请辅音，不读相对的浊辅音。如：hostesshstsp:p: pen, map, help, cheap, pencil, paperpp: apple, happy, appearb:b: bag, by, bed, boy, bus, bluebb: rabbit, cabbaget:t: ten, time, not, get, tablett: bottle, bottom, little, prettyed: watched, washed, cooked, helped dancedd:d: desk, door, day, dog dd: add, daddy, middleed: played, cleaned, climbed, answered, arrived, aired, boiled, emptied, enjoyed,criedk:c: cat, come, cut, clock, cry, picture, bloccc: occasion, according, occupy, acclaim ch: school, Christmas, chemistry, technique, technology, stomachk: book, bike, cake, kite, Kate, lookck: black, duck, clock, jacket, cockq: Iraq, coq que: unique, techniqueg:g: go, girl, big, getgg: egg, bigger, biggestgu: guessgue: dialogue gh: ghyll, ghostf:f: five, fish, fine, family, fifteenph: photo, phone, elephant, photographgh: laugh, enoughff: off, coffeev:v: very, five, havef: ofs:c: nice, city, cycle s: sit, six, some, bus, use, us, desk ,booksss: miss, class, glass, grasssc: science, sceneps: psalm, psywarz:s: is, his, please, music, lose, husband, appleses: leaves, thieves, knives, wivesz: zoo, zerozz: buzz:th: three, thank, month, thin:th: this, the, with, than the: breathe, soythe:sh: she, shoe, short, shop, washs: sure, Asiac: special, sufficient delicioust:,station, national, patientss: Russia, professionch: machine:s: usually, television, pleasurez: seizurege: garagets:ts: shirts, hurts, coats, costs, goatsts: Letstes: kites, gates, dateszz: pizzadz:ds: beds, birds, hands, friendsdes: decidest:ch: chair, much, lunch, Chinatch: watcht: picture, questiond:g(e): age, page, huge, orangeg: gentle, gentleman, generaldge: bridge, porridge, judgej: jump, jacket, just, June, Jimch: sandwichtr:tr: tree, trip, try, true, truthdr:dr: dress, drive, hundred, children 单个辅音：h:h: he, her, have, hand, head, hair(w)h: who, whom, whosel:l: let, look, please, lake, peoplell: tell, full, till, bell(t)l(e): whistler:r: red, right, threerr: sorry, worry, hurry, carry, carrot(w)r: write, wrongm:m: man, meat, meet, timemm: common, communicatem(b): climb, lambm(n): autumn n:n: name, nice, nine, near, under(k)n: know, knifenn: Ann(m)n: mnemonics:ng: sing, long, young, morningn(k): thank, think, ink, pinkn(g): Englishw:w: we, window, work, walkw(h): what, why, where, whitej:y: yes, you, year, yellowj: Jensen, ja, hallelujah, jaapi: onion, review, million, billion, brilliant, behavioure: Europe 国际音标和英语字母读音的联系 从字母和字母组合到音标一、元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音a在重读开音节中读e：name, cake, game, face a在重读闭音节中读：bag, am, and, at, sad a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,ph前读:：class, fast, grasp, ask, father, after, dance, grapha在w后读或:：want, what, waterw:ta在ny前读e：any, manya弱读时读：along, about, banana, Canana, Chinaa在非重读音节中读：orange, cabbagea读e：Maryai读e：rain, train, waitai读：captain ai读e：saiday读e：day, may, okay, play, todayay弱读读：Sunday, holidayay读e：saysair读e：air, hair, chairal在多数辅音字母前读:（f,m除外）：all, ball, call, fall, hall, mall, small, talk, tall, wallal还读:l（特别当后面不是k,f,m时）：also, saltal在辅音字母f,m前读:：half, palmar在重读音节中读:：:car, far, park, arm, starar在w后读:：warm, quarterar弱读读：sugarare读e：care, hare, parentass在重读音节中读:s：class, glass, grass, passau在重读音节中读:：August, autumn, daughterau读：Australiaau还读作:：aunt, laughaw在重读音节中读:：draw, saw, lawawe读:：awe, awed, aweless二、 元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音e在重读开音节中读i:：he, she, me, wee在重读闭音节中读e：pen, bed, yes, egg, deske在非重读音节中读：begin, English, pretty, cinemae弱读读：student, open, children, differente读：zero, cereal, seriouse读j：Europeea在重读音节中读i:：tea, eat, meatea读e：bread, head, breakfastea读e：great, breakea读：real, really, idea, cerealear读:：learn, earth, early, heardear读e：pear, wear, bearear读：ear, dear, hear, near, clearear读:：hearted在大部分清辅音后读t（t除外）：watched, washed, cooked, helped, danceded在元音和浊辅音后读d(d除外)：played, cleaned, climbed, answered, arrived, aired, boiled, emptied, enjoyed, crieded在td后读d：wanted, neededee在重读音节中读i:：see, tree, seeeer读：beer, deer, pioneerei读i:：receiveei读e：veil, veinei在gh前读e：eight, eighteen, eightyeir读e：their, theirseo读i:：peopleer在重读闭音节中读:：her, termer在非重读音节中读：father, mother, brother, sisterere读：hereere读e：there, wherees在浊辅音（d除外）及元音后，es发z：leaves, thieves, knives, wives, potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, Negroes, goes, does, families, storieses在sztd后读z：buses, blouses, dishes, garages, watches, orangesew读ju:：new, newspaper, reviewew在l,r,j后读u:：flew, grew, Jewex读eks：exercise, exitex读ks：excle, expensive, extinctex读gz：exam, examination, exactlyey读i:：keyey读：monkey, valleyey读e：they三、元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音i在重读开音节中读a：time, like, ricei在重读闭音节中读：big, six, siti读i:：police, policeman, policewoman, machinei弱读读：holiday, Aprili在非重读音节中读：taxii读j：onion, review, million, billion, brilliant, behaviouri在元音字母a,e,o前读a：dialogue, quiet, pioneeri在g前读a：sign, high, light, righti在nd前读a：find, behindi在ld前读a：childi在re前读a：fire, tired, retire ie在重读音节中辅音字母前读i:：piece, field, believe, thiefie在重读音节词词尾读a：lie, dieir在重读音节中读:：bird, girl, first四、元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音o在重读开音节中读：go, no, nose, homeo在辅音字母st,ld前读：post, oldo在重读闭音节中读：hot, on, not, sorryo读:：storyo在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读：come, none, love, othero读u:：do, to, whoo在w后读：woman, wolfo在非重读音节中读：today, policemanoa在重读音节中读：boat, coatoar读:：board, blackboard, cardboardoar读：cupboardoe读：woeoe读u:：shoeoi读：oil, toilet, boil, soiloo一般读u:：too, zoo, food, pool, boot, schooloo在d,k和少数t前读：book, look, good, footoo读：blood, floodoor读:：door, flooroor读：pooror在重读音节中读:：or, for, short, sportor在w后读:：work, word, worldor读：doctor, forget, mirrorore读:：more, beforeou在多数情况下读a：out, about, house, blouseou在ght前读:：bought, brought, thoughtou读：touch, country, enough, youngou读u:：soup, group, throughou读：shoulder, thoughou读：coughou读：delicious, previousoul读：could, would, shouldour读:：four, yourour读:：journalist, journalour读：colourour读：tourour读a：our, hourow读a：how, now, cowow读：show, know, yellow, windowowe或ower读a：towel, floweroy读：boy, toy, employee五、元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音u在重读开音节中读ju:：student, Tuesdayu在重读闭音节中读：bus, sun, but, cut, up, usu处于开音节位置，又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读u:：June, fluency, February, Sueu在重读闭音节中还读：put, sugar, full, pushu在非重读音节中读：minus, autumnu读：busy, minuteu读e：buryui读ju:或j,ju:：suit, suicide l,r,j+ui时，ui读作u:或,u:：sluise, fruit, juice, fluid, ruin ui读：build, buildingur在重读音节中读:：nurse, turn, hurt, Thursdayur读：surprise, Saturdayure读：sureure在非重读音节中读：picture, pleasureure在重读音节中读j：cure六、21个辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音b读b：bag, by, bed, boy, bus, bluebt,mb在词尾时，b不发音：debt, climb, combbb读b：rabbit, cabbagec在字母e,i,y前读s：nice, city, cyclec在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前或在音节末尾读k：cat, come, cut, clock, cry, picture, blocc+ia,ie,io时，c读：special, sufficient, deliciouscc+a,o,u或l时，cc读k：occasion, according, occupy, acclaimcc+e,i时，cc读ks：accept, accidentch读t：chair, much, lunch, Chinach读k：school, Christmas, chemistry, technique, technology, stomachch读：machinech读d：sandwichck读k：black, duck, clock, jacket, cockd读d：desk, door, day, dogdd读d：add, daddy, middledge读d：bridge, porridge, judgedr读dr：dress, drive, hundred, childrends读dz：beds, birds, hands, friendsdes读dz：decidesf读f：five, fish, fine, family, fifteenf读v：offf读f：off, coffeeften读fn：ofteng读g：go, girl, big, getg在e前读d：age, page, huge, orangeg读d：gentle, gentleman, generalgg读g：egg, bigger, biggestge读：garagegh在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音：right, eight, straight, bought, daughtergh读f：laugh, enoughgh在词首时，读g：ghyll, ghostgn,gm在词尾时，g常无声：sign, phlegmgu在词首读g：guessgu在词中读gw：languagegue在词尾读g：dialogueh读h：he, her, have, hand, head, hairh不发音：hourwh读w：what, why, where, whitewh在o前读h：who, whom, whosegh在词首时，h不发音：ghyll, ghostj读d：jump, jacket, just, June, Jimj读j：Jensen, ja, hallelujah, jaapk读k：book, bike, cake, kite, Kate, lookkn在词首时，k不发音：know, knifel读l：let, look, please, lake, peoplell读l：tell, full, till, bellm读m：man, meat, meet, timemb在词尾时，读m，b常无声：climb, combmm读m：common mn在词首读n：mnemonicsmn在词中时，读mn：columnistmn在词尾时，n常无声：autumn, columnn读n：name, nice, nine, near, undern在kg前读：pink, Englishn在k后读n：know, knifen在m后读n：mnemonicsnn读n：Annng在词尾读：sing, long, young, morningng在词中读g：English, fingernk读k：thank, think, ink, pinkp读p：pen, map, help, cheap, pencil, paperpp读p：apple, happy, appearph读f：photo, phone, elephant, photographps在词首时，p常不发音：psalm, psywarq读k：Iraq, coqqu在词首读kw：queen, quickque在词尾读k：unique, techniquer读r：red, right, threerr读r：sorry, worry, hurry, carry, carrotwr读r：write, wrongs在词首读s：sit, six, somes在清辅音后读s：books, likess在浊辅音和元音后读z：apples, windowss读z（尤其是在两个元音字母之间）：his, is, please, music元音字母