大英四级作文常用套路.doc

大英四级作文常用套路议论文是最常用的英语考试的体裁。有5种类型的议论文写作套路。（一）各抒己见型这类作文“围绕某一特定主题发表不同意见”。典型题型是先谈人们对某一问题或现象的看法，再谈自己的观点和感受。例：Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?1. 有人认为有必要举行英语口试2. 也有人持不同意见3. 我的看法和打算可套用格式（format）Introduction引入主题 happens undercircumstances; the severity of the problem or importance of the event 交代事情发生的背景、重要性或严重性Different Opinions人们的不同看法Peoples view (ideas) onvary from person to person. Some people hold that. However, other people argue that Personal Opinions 个人的观点As for me, I am in favor of. (Given the reasons) Firstly. Secondly. Thirdly.Can Money Buy Happiness?1. 有人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happiness）2. 有人认为金钱是万恶之源（root of all evil）3. 我的看法Sample: Since money came into being in the world, people have begun an argument about its power. Some people claim that money is the source of happiness and can make the mare go. With adequate money, one can buy everything he wants and live a comfortable life. However, others show a strong objection to the above remarks. They assert that money is the root of all evil. Because of the power and the temptation of money, those weak-willed persons will be addicted to some harmful habits, such as drinking, drug taking, gambling, etc. Some even go astray to commit a crime. In my opinion, wealth doesnt go hand in hand with happiness. On the one hand, we must admit that money can exert a great influence on our way of living. Without money, we cant live well. On the other hand, we must realize that money is not omnipotent. One can buy a house but not a home, a marriage but not a love. Therefore, we can never rely only on money to achieve our happiness.（二）利弊型 这类作文的重要的设计思路是：就某事物的优劣、曲直、利弊展开评论，说明理由，最后给出结论性看法。常见的命题形式有：The Advantages and Disadvantages of Air Travel1. 现在很多人喜欢乘飞机旅行2. 乘飞机旅行的优点3. 乘飞机旅行的缺点在处理这类作文时，首先要点名主题，然后对利和弊分别分析和梳理，列举利和弊的各个方面。有下面套路：Brief Introduction概括性地说明主题 Nowadaysplays an important role in (is very popular around us.) Like everything elsehas/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.Detailed discussion 给出支持论点的理由或例证Firstly, Secondly, Finally, However, every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, Besides, Lastly, Conclusion 结束语From above analysis, we can see that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Therefore, we shouldSample:With the development of transportation, travelling by air becomes very popular in China. However, travelling by air has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows:Firstly, air travel is quicker than other transport tools and can save you a lot of time. We can fly from one big city to another in dozens of minutes. Secondly, it is very comfortable to have a medium-long flight. The air hostess will look after your every need and there are music and film to entertain you on the plane, which makes you feel like home. The third point is that air ticket becomes relatively cheaper in recent years, which attracts many people to be in favor of travelling by air.But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, flying in bad weather is dangerous, and passengers have to wait in the airport if they come across strong storms or hurricane. Next, the passengers often become too exhausted after a long-distance trip and confused by the time changes due to jet lag.Nevertheless, from the above discussion, we can see that although flying involves inconvenience and slight risk, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Therefore, traveling by air is a priority to all other choices.(三) How to 型这类作文要求对某一问题或难点找出解决办法，因此又可叫“问题解决型（Problem-solution pattern）”作文. 命题形式：How to Overcome Your Difficulties in Learning English 1. 你在英语学习中有哪些困难2. 你是如何克服这些困难的“How to 型”作文的关键在于：（1）提出问题，（2）如何解决问题。在实际写作时可以采用下面的套路：Introducing the Topic引入主题 To present the problem; to show the significance of the eventOffer solutions 提供多种解决问题的方案 Many ways (solutions) can contribute to solution of this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective.First of all.Another way to solve the problem isFinally, Short Conclusion 结束语In short, we can take effective measures mentioned above to settle the problem. Sample:How to solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities1. 大城市居民住房十分紧张2. 如何解决城市居民住房紧张的问题3. 我个人的意见As the city population goes up quickly in recent years, an urgent need of housing has become a momentous problem that a big city is confronted with. Many ways can contribute to solving the problem, but the following ones may be most effective.First of all, the city planners should design more high-rise buildings in order to supply more flats to the city dwellers. The construction of high residential buildings can save the precious space on the ground. The second way to deal with the housing problem is to develop satellite towns to reduce the pressure of housing caused by the increasing population in the big cities. Meanwhile, if possible, some of city residents might be encouraged to move to the living areas in suburbs, and the downtown would become a commercial center only.The problem can be settled sooner and better if many practical measures are taken simultaneously for the same purpose.（四）原因分析型“原因分析型”与“How to 型”作文有很多相似地方，两者都要求摆出问题，分析问题。不同的是“原因分析型”强调引发问题的原因，而“How to 型”强调解决问题的措施或方法。例：Why Is There So Much Traffic Congestion in Big Cities?1. 大城市的交通十分拥挤2. 造成交通拥挤的原因3. 结论模板：Introducing the Topic 引入主题 To present the problem Analyze the Reasons 分析原因There are many reasons for. But in general, they come down to three major ones.Short Conclusion 结束语As discussed above, we can draw the conclusion thatNowadays, traffic jams in big cities have been increasingly serious. There are many causes of traffic jams, but in general, they come down to three major factors.For one thing, with the rapid development of motor industry, too many transportation tools are brought into use. Automobiles are especially responsible for a remarkable number of traffic jams. For another, the traffic systems in big cities were mainly established in the 1960s, so the roads are too narrow to bear such heavy traffic. Perhaps the prime reason is that the fast growth of population in big cities makes it impossible for the city to provide better traffic conditions in time.From the discussion above, we can see that traffic congestion is a problem that needs immediate concern. Governments of all levels should take positive measures to solve it.（五）混合型“混合型”兼有几种套路的内容，其特点是侧重某个命题类型的一个方面，结合另一个类型的另一方面，混合成一种命题类型。例：The Quality of Products in China1. 人们关注产品质量2. 部分产品质量不好的原因3. 如何采取措施控制质量Sample:As China has entered a market economy, people have realized that quality of the products is vital to the producer. Therefore a growing concern has been shown to the quality of any manufactured products in China.Many factors may contribute to the birth of unqualified products. Generally, they can b