Module 2 Unit 3 Grammar and usage(1)(学生用学稿).doc

沛县歌风中学英语组 高一英语讲学稿 班级： 高一（_） 姓名：_ 主备人：张先存 审核人： 邓永前 编写日期 Jan.6th, 2010 实际教学日期 Jan.7th, 2010总课题Module 2 Unit 3 Amazing people总课时10第5课时课题Grammar and usage (1)课型新授教学目标知识目标Learn the past perfect tense能力目标After learning this lesson, the students will be able to understand sentences in which the past perfect tense is used. They are also expected to distinguish the past perfect tense from the simple past and the past perfect tense from the present perfect tense. At the same time, they will read some passages in which the simple past tense, the past perfect tense or the present perfect tense is used.情感目标引导学生树立远大理想,“做一个对社会有贡献的人”. 教学重点How to use the past perfect tense教学难点Compare the use of the past tense, the present perfect and the past perfect学法指导1 Inductive method2 Comparative method教学准备1Lecture materials ；2. A multimedia 3. A blackboard教学设想本节课是语法教学课。以观察发现讨论归纳运用为主要教学模式，充分利用本单元语言素材，通过多种图示和语法规则的呈现，让学生比较全面系统地掌握过去完成时（Past perfect tense）的用法、一般过去时（Simple past tense）与过去完成时的用法区别及现在完成时（Present perfect tense）与过去完成时的用法区别。语法规则的归纳与讲解所选用的语言材料和所涉及的练习与本单元话题（Amazing people）相联系。力求让学生在语篇中灵活运用所掌握的语法规则，避免学生死抠语法，生搬硬套。模块一：预习导学过去完成时一、 概念过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。-|-|-|-那时以前 那时 现在二、 构成过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 例如：They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 他们来宾馆之前就已经吃过饭了。He didnt go to bed until he had finished he work.他直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。三、 用法1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。例如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”） He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开。2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。例如： She told me that she had written a new novel. 她告诉我她已经写好一本小说了。(had written 发生在 told 之前 ) I found the watch which I had lost. 我找到了我丢失的表。3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already，yet，still，just，before，never 等时间副词及 by，before，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。例如： Before she came to China, Amy had taught English in a middle school for about five years. 艾米来中国之前，在一所中学已经教了五年英语。 Tom had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was seven. 汤姆在七岁时已经集了300多张中国邮票。4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。例如： By the end of last year, my father had worked in the factory for twenty years. 去年年底时，爸爸已经在工厂工作二十年了。（ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能） By six oclock he had worked eleven hours. 到6点钟时他就已经工作了11小时。5. 动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。例如： I had wanted to help but could not get there in time.我本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 They had hoped to be able to come and see you.他们本来希望能来看看你。 6. 过去完成时还可用在hardlywhen, no soonerthan, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)等固定句型中。例如： Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that she had been out of work that year.这是她那一年第三次失业了。过去完成时的用法总结如下表：过 去 完 成 时构成助动词had+动词的过去分词 基本用法1） 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用3）过去完成时常常用在宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前4）在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示和其它时态区别过去完成时/现在完成时现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作 过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的动作先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去” 过去完成时/一般过去时过去完成时强调某动作在过去某时间或另一动作之前已完成一般过去时仅表示动作或状态在过去某时间发生过，不强调与另一动作的比较 注意事项1）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。2) 过去完成时还可用在hardlywhen, no soonerthan, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)等固定句型中。3）It/This was +序数词 time或最高级 that 后面的从句用过去完成时。4）用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中现在完成时与过去完成时的区别现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。 例如：I have cleaned the classroom.我打扫干净教室了。（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！） They have lived here for twenty years.他们住在这二十年了。（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时） We have lived in Beijing since we came China.自我们来中国就住在北京了。（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时） 过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作。例如：Mr Smith had lived in London for ten years before he came to China.史密斯先生在来中国之前就已经在伦敦住过十年了。(“来”中国已成过去，而先前“住”在纽约就是过去的过去！）We had learned 2000 words by the end of last term. 在上期期末，我们就已经学了2000个单词。（“上期期末”已过去，而在其前“学”的就更过去了！）模块二：合作探究Step 1 Lead in (PPT4-5)1. Whats the topic of Unit3? (Amazing people)2. How many amazing people have we read about in this unit? Who are they? (Mother Teresa, Bill Gates, Beethoven, Zhang Heng, Howard Carter.)3. Can you tell me something about Howard Carter? (Howard Cater is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known. He was brave and adventurous. Not long after the tomb of King Tutankhamen had been opened, people in Carters team began to fall ill and die strangely.)4. What verb tenses are used in the sentence? (the simple past tense and the past perfect tense)Explanation教师充分利用教材中的语言素材，既引导学生温习已学的内容，又激起学生对已学内容中出现的语法现象（the past perfect）的关注。Step 2 Presentation (PPT6-7)1. How can we form the past perfect? (By using “had the verb-ed form”)2. Page 42-43: Reread the passage “The curse of the mummy” and underline the sentences in which the past perfect tense is used.By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.He had received money from Lord Carnarvon, a British man who was very interested in Egypt.It was the most important tomb that had ever been found.The tomb contained more riches, gold and jewels than any of us had ever seen before.Not long after the tomb of King Tutankhamen had been opened, people in Carters team began to fall ill and die strangely.Upon entering the tomb, Carters lucky pet bird, which had led him to the place, was eaten by a snake.A few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon, who was also present when the tomb was opened, fell ill with a fever and died in Egypt.Explanation通过进一步复读课文，让学生发现过去完成时在语篇中的运用，以加强对过去完成时的感性认识。Step 3 The usage of the past perfect1. Upon entering the tomb, Carters lucky pet bird, which had led him to the place, was eaten by a snake. Carters lucky pet bird had led Carter to the site.Carters lucky pet bird was eaten by a snake.PresentPastThe past perfect tense shows us “过去的过去”PastPresentPastSummary: The past perfect tense is often used with the simple past tense. If one action happens before another in the past, the past perfect tense is used. (PPT8-9)2. “We emptied the tomb of everything it contained,” said Carter. Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained.They had emptied the tomb of everything it contained.Carter saidPresentPast Summary: The past perfect tense is often used in reported speech. (PPT10)3. I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.I went to the museum.I had done my homework this morning.PresentPastSummary: The use of the past perfect tense simply indicates that an action comes before another past action. It does not mean that the past action happened a long time ago. (PPT11)4. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.The 1920sHe had become an explorer.PresentPastSummary: The past perfect tense is often used with time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, until, by, for and already. (PPT12)Explanation借用学生所熟知的语境及相关图示，让学生充分理解过去完成时的本质“过去的过去”。Step 4 Practice: the simple past tense and the past perfect tense1. Show some pictures of another amazing person -Amelia Earhart.2. Read the notes about Amelia Earhart on page 49 and then tell us what happened to her. Let students know that whether the simple past tense or the past perfect tense is used depends on the sequence of the events.3. Complete the story on page 49.4. Complete the article on page 50 so that the students know more about the differences between the simple past tense and the past perfect tense.Summary: Whether the simple past tense or the past perfect tense is used depends on the sequence of the events. (PPT13-20)Explanation让学生学会在语境中正确使用过去完成时，并了解过去完成时与一般过去时的区别。Step 5 The differences between the present perfect and the past perfect1. Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known.Howard Carter became famous.PastPresentFutureSummary: The present perfect tense is used when we are talking about a past event which relates to the present time. (PPT21)2. Not long after the tomb of King Tutankhamen had been opened, people in Carters team began to fall ill and die strangely.The tomb of King Tutankhamen had been opened.People in Carters team began to fall ill and die strangely.PresentPastSummary: The Past Perfect tense is used when we are discussing the past and want to talk about an even earlier event. (PPT22)Explanation借用学生所熟知的语境及相关图示，让学生充分理解过去完成时与现在完成时的区别。Step 6 Practice1. Ask students to read the following two sentences and identify the differences between them.Howard Carter said, “I have stayed in Egypt for more than 30 years, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.”Howard Carter said that he had stayed in Egypt for more than 30 years, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.Summary: When we change a sentence from the direct speech into the indirect speech like this, the tense will be changed from the present perfect to the past perfect tense. (PPT23)2. Show some pictures of another amazing person Cai Lun.3. Let students look at the four pictures, read the sentences and then complete the article. (PPT24-25)Explanation让学生学会在语境中正确使用过去完成时，并了解过去完成时与现在完成时的区别。Step 7 Homework (PPT26)1.Do Part C1 and C2 on page 104 in Workbook.2.Preview the next part of this unit: Task.模块三：达标提升. Multiple choices. 1IlostthedictionaryI_ Ahavebought Bbought Chadbought Dhadbeenbought 2Thetrainhadgonewhenmy brother_atthestation Ahavearrived Barrived Chadarrived Damarriving 3. Mary _ of visiting her grandmother, but the bad weather made her change her mind.Ahasthought Bthought Chadthought Dhadbeenthought 4-DidyoumeetTomattheairport？ -No，he_bythetimeI_there Ahasleft；got Bhadleft；arrived Cleft；arrived Dleft；hadgot 5-WhydidntTomattendthemeetingyesterday？ -He_Beijing Ahasgoneto Bhadgoneto Cwentto Dhadbeento 6-I_tocometohelpyou -Butyoudidntcome Ahavemeant Bhadmeant Cmeant Dwillmean 7Finallyone of my friends_byBeijingUniversity，forwhichshe _ fivetimes Awere admitted; hadtried Bwasadmitted; had tried Cwere admitted; hastried Dwas admitted; tried 8-Ihaveboughtyouthebooksyouwant -Oh，good，I_afraidyouhadforgotten Awas Bam Chadbeen Dhavebeen9We_fourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear Ahadlearned Bhavelearned Clearned Dwillhavelearned 10Helen_herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_home Ahasleft；comes Bleft；hadcome Chadleft；came Dhadleft；wouldcome 11. My father _ to the hospital when I hurried home. A. had gone B. went C. had been taken D. had been sent12. - Jim, _ you _ your homework?- Yes, of course, but I _ it late bed time. A. do do; finished B. did do; had finishedC. have done; had finished D. have done; finished13. You _ football after school. Why not go home and do your homework first?A. always played B. are always playingC. have always played D. have always been playing14. Ever since Picassos painting went on exhibit, there _ large crowds at the museum every day. A. is B. has been C. have been D. had been15. -What do you think of my suggestion?- Sorry. Whats that? I _ about something else.A. was thinking B. thought C. am thinking D. had thought. Fill in the blanks according to the meanings of the sentences by using tenses of the verbs. 1. How many English songs _ she _ (learn) by the end of last month?2. Hardly _ I _ (get) on the bus when it started to move3. He _(read) the book before he was ten years old. 4. She said she _ (see) the film before. 5. Our English teacher _ (teach) English in Guangxi for ten years before he came to No.113 Middle School.6. By the end of last month, they _(complete)the bridge . 7. No sooner _ I _ (go) out than he came to see me.8. He asked where I _ (go)