物理基本名词中英文对照表.doc

初中物理基本名词中英文对照表、测量(measurement)物理学physics误差error游码rider测量measure (vt.)实验experiment温度计temperature长度length实验室laboratory摄氏度degree centigrade单位unit面积area温度计thermometer千米kilometer平方米square meter体温计clinical thermometer米meter体积volume时间time分米decimeter立方米cubic meter小时hour厘米centimeter升Liter分钟minute毫米millimeter毫升Milliliter秒second微米micron质量mass毫秒millisecond纳米nanometer吨ton停表stop watch测量工具measuring tool千克kilogram力force刻度尺meter ruler克gram牛顿Newton最小刻度division value毫克milligram测力计dynamometer零刻度线zero graduation line天平balance弹簧秤spring balance测量范围measuring range砝码weights、运动（simple motion）相对运动relative motion方向direction路程path静止rest直线运动rectilinear motion速度velocity参照物reference曲线运动curvilinear motion变速直线运动variable rectilinear motion位置position匀速直线运动uniform rectilinear motion平均速度average velocity、热（heat）分子molecules熔化melting液化liquefaction分子运动molecular motion熔点melting point升华sublimation扩散diffusion凝固solidification凝华condensation排斥力repulsive force凝固点solidifying point冰箱refrigerator吸引力attractive force晶体crystal热传递heat transfer物质substance非晶体noncrystal热传导heat conduction物体object吸收absorb(v.)热对流heat convection状态state放出release(v.)热辐射heat radiation固体solid汽化vaporization热量heat液体liquid蒸发evaporation比热（容）specific heat （capacity）气体gas沸腾boiling物态变化state transformation沸点boiling point、光（light）光源light source入射角incident angle焦距focal length光的直线传播rectilinear propagationof light反射角reflection angle会聚converge(v.)小孔成像image byping hole镜面反射mirror reflection发散diverge(v.)日食solar eclipse漫反射diffuse reflection光屏（屏幕）screen月食lunar eclipse平面镜plane mirror照相机camera光速velocity of light潜望镜periscope幻灯机slide projector真空vacuum蜡烛candle电影放映机film projector空气air光的折射refractionof light放大镜magnifier玻璃glass折射光线refracted ray倒立的inverted水water折射角refraction angle正立的erected均匀介质well-distributed medium透镜lens缩小的reduced光的反射reflectionof light凸透镜convex lens放大的amplified反射定律reflection law凹透镜concave lens实像real image入射光线incident ray（主）光轴principal optical axis虚像virtual image反射光线reflected ray光心optical centerof lens海市蜃楼mirage法线normal焦点focus光的色散dispersion of light、磁（magnetism）磁体magnet小磁针magneticneedle磁场magnetic field天然磁体natural magnet磁极magnetic pole地磁场geomagnetic field人造磁体man-made magnet南极north pole电流的磁场magnetic field of electric current条形磁铁bar magnet北极South pole磁感线magnetic induction line蹄形磁铁horseshoe magnet磁化magnetization电磁铁electromagnet、声音（sound）振动vibrate声波wave of sound振幅amplitude介质medium音调pitch噪音noise传播travel响度loudness乐音voice声速velocity of sound音色musical quality分贝decibel（dB）回声echo频率frequency、力（force）重力gravity惯性inertia动力motive force重心center of gravity平衡equilibrium阻力resistance摩擦力friction force压强pressure动力臂power arm滑动摩擦sliding friction帕斯卡Pascal(Pa)阻力臂resisting arm滚动摩擦rolling friction液体压强hydraulicpressure作用线action-line静摩擦static friction大气压强atmosphericof pressure滑轮pulley压力pressure force标准大气压standardatmospherepressure定滑轮fixed pulley浮力buoyancy force气压计barometer动滑轮movable pulley力的图示force diagram托里拆利Torricelli滑轮组pulley block力的大小magnitude of force阿基米德原理Archimedes principle功work力的方向direction of force密度density功率power力的作用点acting point of force潜水艇submarine机械效率mechanical efficiency合力resultant force热气球fire balloon有用功useful work分力component force飞艇airship额外功extra wok力的合成composition of forces简单机械simple mechanics总功total work形变deformation杠杆lever斜面inclined plane牛顿第一定律Newtons First Law支点pivot、电（electricity）电荷electric charge正极positive plate电压voltage带电体charged body负极negative plate伏特Volt摩擦起电electrificationby friction电路electric circuit伏特计voltmeter正电荷positive charge通路closed circuit电阻resistance负电荷negative charge开路open circuit欧姆Ohm导体conductor短路short circuit变阻器rheostat绝缘体insulator电路图circuit map滑动变阻器slide wire rheostat半导体semiconductor串联series connection欧姆定律Ohms law电源power sour