高中英语语法专题之倒装.doc

一、 倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1) here, there, now, then等副词置于句首.There goes the bell.Here is your letter. Here comes the bus. Here comes my list of dos and donts.Now comes your chance to shine.Then came the chairman.2) 表示方向、地点 (方位)的副词或介词词组（通常是句子的表语和状语）置于句首，句子用全部倒装.Down came the rain.Away went the girl without telling anyone.Out rushed the man, gun in hand.Out came the sun.Into the hall came three womenAhead of me sat an old woman.Around the lake are many old castles.East of the town lies a beautiful lake.In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.3）如果直接引语位于句首，句子通常用全部倒装。如：“Is everything ready yet?” asked Hu Xin to the photographer.4).如果句子的表语位于句首。Beautiful is the house.注意：上述全部倒装的句子的主语必须是名词，如果主语是代词则不倒装。Here he comes.Away they went. 二、倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。(部分倒装通常采用一般疑问句的语序)1、 句首为否定词或词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until, Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than等。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.Not until the child fell asleep/12:00 did the mother leave the room.Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.注意：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。如否定词不在句首不倒装。I have never seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题 -Why cant I smoke here?-At no time_ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD. does smoking permit答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，句子用部分倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did knowB. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know答案D. 看到Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th century. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。 No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game beginD. had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut (also), no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when等等。注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。Not only you but also I am fond of music.2、so, neither, nor作部分倒装 表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If you wont go, neither will I.If he goes there. So will I.典型例题-Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?-I dont know, _.A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also答案：B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.-Its raining hard.-So it is.He asked me to open the door. I did so.-He is a good student and he works hard.-so it is with sb. = it is the same with sb.3、only引导的状语在句首，句子要部分倒装。Only in this way, can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.4. as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步状语从句须将表语，状语或谓语部分的动词原形提前。注意：1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如：Child as he is, he is very strong.Interested as I am in the work, I will not take it.Fast as he run, he didnt win the relay race.Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.另外尤其需要指出的是，as引导的状语从句，必须得倒装，而though引导的状语从句,可以倒也可以不到。5. 其他部分倒装 1) so that 或suchthat句型中的so或such位于句首时，主句需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.Such a good film is it that we all like it.2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you be happy. May you succeed.(May +正常语序的句子，谓语动词用原形)一、选择填空:1.You like singing and dancing. _.A. So do I B. So I doC.I do so D. do I so 2.-Her mother is a warm-hearted old lady.-_.A. So my mother is B. So is my motherC. Is my mother so D. My mother so is 3.-The fairy story Snow White is very interesting. -_.A. So it is B. So is itC. It is so D. Is it so 4.You didnt go for an outing at the seashore._.A. Neither do I B. Neither did IC.I didnt neither D. Did neither I 5.-Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language. -_.A. So it was with Engels B. So was Engels C. So Engels was D. Was Engels so 6.Look. There _ .Oh, there _ .A. comes the bus；comes it B. the bus comes；it comesC. comes the bus；it comes D. the bus comes；comes it 7.Not until _sixteen _to school.A. he was；did he go B. he was；he wentC. was he；he did go D. was he；went he 8.Not until the next morning _ .A. did Mary come backB. Mary came backC. came Mary back D. came back Mary 9.Hardly _ when it began to rain.A. had he got home B. he had got home C. had got home he D. he home had got 10.No sooner _ than he fell asleep.A. his head had touched the pillowB. had his head touched the pillowC. touched the pillow his head had D. touched the pillow had his head 11.Little _ .A. did I think of it B.I thought of itC. did think I of it D. thought of it I 12.Seldom _.A. LiLi her feelings showedB. did show LiLi her feelingsC. LiLi showed her feelingsD. did LiLi show her feelings 13.Never before in her life _ such beautiful and precious jewelry.A .he saw B. did he see C. has she seen D. she has seen 14.Many a time _ the chess competition.A. had taken he part in B. he taken part in hadC. had he taken part in D. he had taken part in 15.So busy _ that he has no time to spare.A. he wasB. was he C. he isD. is he 16. _with a bunch of flowers in her hand.A. A girl in cameB. Came in a girl C. In came a girlD. A girl came in 17.Out _ .A. from behind a tall tree ran a little boyB. from behind a tall tree a little boy ranC. ran a little boy from behind a tall treeD. a little boy ran from behind a tall tree 18.In the clear blue sky _ .A. does shine the bright moon.B. the bright moon does shineC. shines the bright moonD. the bright moon shines 19.Only in this way _.A. we can well do it B. can we well do it C. we can do it well D. can we do it well 20.Only when he has finished his homework_ .A. is able to he play with his friends for a whileB. he able to play with is his friends for a whileC. is he able to play with his friends for a whileD. he is able to play with his friends for a while 21. _, he continued his study.A. Late as it was B. As it was lateC. Late although it was D. Although was it late 22.Next door to us _.A. lives an old man, who is an overseas ChineseB. does an old man live, who is an overseas ChineseC. an old man lives who is an overseas ChineseD. an old man who is an overseas Chinese does live 23._ as young as you, I would study hard.A. Was IB. Were I C. If I am D. If I was 24. _ so hard, they wouldnt have won such great success.A. Hasnt they trainedB. If they hasnt trainC. Hadnt they trained D. If they didnt train 25.Not a single word _ when he left.A. did speak he B. spoke he C. did he speak D. he spoke 26.I dont think I can walk any further. _.Lets stop here for a rest.A. Neither am I B. Neither can IC.I think so D.I dont think so 27.Be quick!_ .A. The bus comes here B. The bus here comesC. Here the bus comes D. Here comes the bus 28.-Johns not been to London.- _.A. Ben isnt either B. Neither is BenC. Nor Ben has D. Neither has Ben 29.-The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply. -_.A. Charlie does so B. Charlie did so C. So does Charlie D. So did Charlie 30._ ,he does not know the answer.A. As Mr. Smith is a teacher B. As Mr. Smith is teacherC.A teacher as Mr. Smith isD. Teacher as Mr. Smith is 31. _ so busy, I should go with you.A. Were I not B. Was I not C. If I am not D. I were not 32.In the front of the classroom _.A. is the desk for the teacherB. has the desk of the teacherC. it is a desk for the teacherD. has it a desk of the teacher 33.On the top of the hill_ .A. does a temple stand B. a temple stands thereC. stands a temple D. a temple stands 34.Not only_ but also she likes singing.A. she likes paintingB. does she like painting C. likes painting sheD. she does like painting 35.Now_ .A. comes your turn B. does your turn come C. your turn comes D. your turn does come 36._ happy.A. You may be B. May you beC. Be you may D. May be you 37.The students have learned a lot from the workers and_.A. so the teachers haveB. have the teachers soC. so have the teachersD. have so the teachers二、选择翻译正确的句子(10题,每题3分)1.直到天黑了那些孩子们才意识到太晚回不了家了。A. Not until dark did the boys realize it was too late to return home.B. Not until dark the boys realized it was too late to return home.C. Until dark the boys realized it was too late to return home. 2.直到她摘下了墨镜,我才看出来她是著名影星。A. It was not until did she take off her dark glasses that did I realize she was a famous film star.B. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that did I realize she was a famous film star.C. Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. 3.我刚合上眼,电话铃就响了。A. Hardly had I closed my eyes than the phone rang.B. No sooner I had closed my eyes than the phone rang.C. No sooner had I closed my eyes than the phone rang. 4.虽然她是一个妇女,但她能做那件事。A.A woman as she is, she is able to do that.B. Woman as she is, she is able to do that.C. As she is a woman, she is able to do that. 5.他虽然努力了,但考试未能及格。A. As he tried hard, he did not pass the examination.B. Hard although he tried, he did not pass the examination.C. Hard as he tried, he did not pass the examination. 6.我不但去过杭州市,而且我在那儿度过了我的童年。A. Not only have I been to the city of Hangzhou, but(also) I spent my childhood there.B. Not only I have been to the city of Hangzhou, but(also) did I spend my childhood there.C. Not only I have been to the city of Hangzhou, but(also) I spent my childhood there. 7.只有下课了,他才能和他的朋友们一起踢足球。A. Only when the class was over was he able to play football with his friends.B. Only when the class was over he was able to play football with his friends.C. Only when was the class over he was able to play football with his friends. 8.他是一个美国人,不会说汉语.他的妻子也是美国人,她也不会说汉语。A. He is American and he cant speak Chinese. So is his wife.B. He is American and he cant speak Chinese. So it is with his wife.C. He is American and he cant speak Chinese Neither can his wife. 9.“你喜欢唱歌。” “我确实喜欢。”A. “You like singing.” “So I do.” B. “You like singing.” “So do I.” C. “You like singing.” “I do so.” 10.只有他会说日语。A. Only he can speak Japanese. B. Only can he speak Japanese. C. Only can speak he Japanese. 1.Look! _.A. Here your teacher comesB. Comes here your sister C. Your teacher comes hereD. Here comes your teacher2.Only when you have finished your homework _ go home.A. can youB. would youC. you willD. you can3.Seldom _ any mistakes during my past few years of working here