英语雅思大作文ppt课件

IELTS 大作文写作手法IDA IELTS IELTS 目录 Examinersassesstheanswersaccordingtothesecriteria TaskResponse i e howfullyandappropriatelythecandidatehasansweredallpartsofthetask theextenttowhichthecandidate sideasarerelevant developedandsupported theextenttowhichthecandidate spositionisclearandeffective Examinersassesstheanswersaccordingtothesecriteria Coherence连贯性andCohesion衔接 i e howwelltheinformationandideasareorganisedandpresentedi e paragraphing howwelltheinformationislinked Examinersassesstheanswersaccordingtothesecriteria LexicalResource词汇资源 i e therangeofvocabularyused howaccuratelyitisusedandhowappropriateitisforthetask Examinersassesstheanswersaccordingtothesecriteria GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy i e therangeofstructuresused howaccuratelytheyareusedandhowappropriatetheyareforthetask 段落的组织 250字 4段至5段话 4段更容易操作第一段 2至4句第二段 4至6句第三段 4至6句第四段 2至4句Introduction stateyourviewBody supportyourviewwithreasons arguments examplesConclusion restateyourview主体段落 Topicsentence supportingsentences Argumentativedevices Waystodevelopaparagraph 论证方法 exemplification 举例说明 explanation 解释说明 causeandeffect 因果论证 comparisonandcontrast 比较与对比 concessionandrefutation 让步与反驳 classification 分类 Exemplification Example aspecificfact idea person orthingthatisusedtoexplainorsupportageneralidea ortoshowwhatistypicalofalargergroup举例相关关联词 ForexampleForinstanceTake Consider asanexampleAcaseinpointsuchasincluding Somepeoplethinkthatanimalsshouldbetreatedasfriends Yetothersonlyconsideranimalsassourcesoffoodandclothing Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree SampleAnswerThereisagrowingtendencynowadaysforsomepeopletotreatanimalsaslivingmeatandwalkingfur Thisleadstothecruelslaughterofanimalsallovertheworldeveryyear Yet inmyopinion insteadofkillinganimals humanbeingsshouldtreatthemastheirfriends Itisanundeniablefactthatanimalsplayavitalroleinmaintainingthesubtlebalanceoftheearth secologicalsystem Thelackofthisessentialpartwillbringaboutthedestructionofthewholeworld Therefore tosomeextent killinganimalsisequaltodiggingourowngraves Forthousandsofyears manyanimalshavegivenloyalservicetohumans Pigeonsconveymessagesinwartime anddogshelptodetectcrime Evenpigs whichmanypeoplethinkarethemoststupidanimals areusedinthebattleagainstdrugs Thereisnodoubtthatourliveswouldbefarlessconvenientwithoutalittlehelpfromouranimalfriends Animalsalsohelphumansinaspiritualway Thereisnothingbetterthankeepingacatoradogifyouwantyourkidstobemoreindependentandresponsible Itisalsonotedthatseniorcitizenslivelongeriftheykeeppetsaftertheirretirement Tosumup animalsarehumanbeings friends Thosewhoregardanimalsasmerelyasourceoffoodandclothingshouldatleastbearonethinginmind Beingkindtoanimalsisbeingkindtoourselves Therefore forourownfuturebenefit pleasetreatanimalswithloveandcare Topicsentence Agrowingnumberofenvironmentalproblemsarenolongerconfinedtoacertainregionorcountry Forexample oilspillscanpolluteinternationalwatersandthelossoftheozonelayermayleadtothemeltingoficecapsandglaciers whichinturn mayraisesealevelsworldwide 练习 Topicsentence TheadvertisementsonTV newspaperandotherkindsofmediamayconfuseconsumersandmakethemrushtopurchaseproductswhichtheydon treallyneed Takethecellphoneforexample Itsfunctionsandpracticaluseareoftenexaggeratedinadvertisements What smore theadvertisementsevencreateafashionableatmosphereforcellphoneswhichappealstoyoungpeopletochangetheirphonescontinuouslywhileignoringthebasicserviceofcellphonesisjusttomakeaphonecall Explanation 解释 ItmeansThatistosayInotherwordsToputitanotherwayBythatImean Ibelievethetraditionalfamily withbothparentsprovidingemotionalsupportandrole modelsfortheirchildren isthemostsatisfactorywayofbringingupchildren Educationafterbirthplaysasignificantroleinone sdevelopment Education whichhelpschildrendeveloptheirthinkingandaccumulatetheirknowledge isadecidingfactorofone ssuccess Forexample ahigh schoollevelpersoncommonlymaynotsucceedtotheextentofapersonwhohasreceivedauniversityeducation Thisisnotonlybecauseofthegreaterbreadthofknowledgeacquired butalsoduetoamorecriticalandfocusedwayofthinkingthatisimpartedandrefinedduringonessenioreducation Ithinkanabilitytokeepclearperspectivesinlifeisamoreessentialfactorinachievinghappiness BythatImeananabilitytohaveaclearsenseofwhatisimportantinourlives thewelfareofourfamilies thequalityofourrelationships makingotherpeoplehappy etc andwhatisnot aproblematwork gettingannoyedabouttrivialthings etc CauseandEffect Cause becauseofasaresultofduetothankstoowingtobecauseassinceforResult asaresultasaconsequenceaccordinglyinthiswaythushencesotherefore 练习 妇女不应该当兵 因为她们的体力不如男子 WomenshouldbejoininthearmyWomenshouldnotbeamemberofthearmyWomenshouldnottakeupamilitarycareerbecausetheyarenotasstrongasmenbecausetheyareinferiortomeninphysicalstrengthbecauseoftheirphysicalinadequacies Inmanycountriesschoolshavesevereproblemswithstudentbehavior Whatdoyouthinkarethecausesofthis Whatsolutionscanyousuggest 范文 PoorstudentbehaviorseemstobeanincreasinglywidespreadproblemandIthinkthatmodernlifestylesareprobablyresponsibleforthis Inmanycountries thebirthrateisdecreasingsothatfamiliesaresmallerwithfewerchildren Thesechildrenareoftenspoilt notintermsofloveandattentionbecauseworkingparentsdonothavethetimeforthis butinmorematerialways Theyareallowedtohavewhatevertheywant regardlessofprice andtobehaveastheyplease Thismeansthatthechildrengrowupwithoutconsiderationforothersandwithoutanyunderstandingofwheretheirstandardoflivingcomesfrom Whentheygettoschoolagetheyhavenotlearntanyselfcontrolordiscipline Theyhavelessrespectfortheirteachersandrefusetoobeyschoolrulesinthewaythattheirparentsdid ComparisonandContrast similarlylikewiseinthesamemannerinthesamewaybutwhilewhereaswhilstonthecontraryincontrastbycontrastontheotherhandinsteadratherconversely Planeisthefastestmeansoftransportation Itusedtotakeusabout10hourstogotoaplacebycar Now wecangothereinnomorethan1hourbyair Whatusedtotakeus10hoursbycarcannowbecoveredwithin1hourbyair ConcessionandRefutation althoughwhileadmittedlyitistruethatitisoftenthecasethatbuthowevernevertheless Althougholdpeopleareunlikelytofacephysicallychallengingtasks therearemanyjobsthatareespeciallysuitableforoldpeople suchasjobsthatcallformoreexperienceandwisdomthanphysicalpower Withtheirrichexperienceinbothworkandlife manyoldpeoplewouldmakegoodconsultants instructors coaches doctorsandpsychologists tomentiononlyafew Girlsalsoappeartobelessaggressivethanboys Inadulthood itismen notwomen whoprovetobetheaggressorsincrimeandinwar Obviously inraisingchildren amorepatient gentlemannerispreferabletoamoreaggressiveone Althoughtherearecertainlygentlemenandaggressivewomen byandlarge femalesarelesslikelytoresorttoviolenceinattemptingtosolveproblems 论证方法总结及分类论证 妇女是否应当参军 Inmanycountries womenarenotabletojoininthearmytoshareequalbasiswithmenandsomepeoplethinkthatonlymenshouldbeamemberofthearmy navyandairforce Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree 应当 不应当 主体客体分类Whyshould 战争的状态和要求Thewaybattlesarefoughthasundergonedramaticchangesandsowomenhaveanequalbasisasmen 参军的职责Justasmenhavetheresponsibilityofbringingupchildrenwithwomen sowomenshouldbeartheburdenofprotectingtheirowncountrybyjoininginthearmy Whyshouldnot 军人必备的条件 物质 非物质 妇女体力不行 妇女不应当当兵是因为她们的体力不如男子 男女分工不同Culturallyspeaking womenarenotfitforthepositionofkilling 分类 主体 客体主体分类 什么妇女 客体分类 当什么兵 完整文章分析 Manypeoplebelievethatwomenmakebetterparentsthanmenandthatthisiswhytheyhavethegreaterroleinraisingchildreninmostsocieties Othersclaimthatmenarejustasgoodaswomenatparenting Writeanessayexpressingyourpointofview SampleAnswer Theviewthatwomenarebetterparentsthanmenhasshownitselftobetruethroughouthistory Thisisnottosaythatmenarenotofimportanceinchild rearing indeed theyaremostnecessaryifchildrenaretoappreciatefullytherolesofbothsexes Butwomenhaveproventhemselvessuperiorparentsasaresultoftheirconditioning theirlessaggressivenatureandtheirgenerallybettercommunicationskills Fromthetimetheyarelittlegirls femaleslearnaboutnurturing Firstwithdollsandlaterperhapswithyoungerbrothersandsisters girlsaregiventheroleofcareer Girlsseetheirmothersinthesamerolesandsoitisnaturalthattheyidentifythisasafemaleactivity Boys incontrast learncompetitiverolefarremovedfromwhatitmeanstonurture Whileboysmaydreamofadventures girls conditioningmeanstheytendtoseethefutureintermsofraisingfamilies Girlsalsoappeartobelessaggressivethanboys Inadulthood itismen notwomen whoprovetobetheaggressorsincrimeandinwar Obviously inraisingchildren amorepatient gentlemannerispreferabletoamoreaggressiveone Althoughtherecertainlyexistgentlemenandaggressivewomen byandlarge femalesarelesslikelytoresorttoviolenceinattemptingtosolveproblems Finally womentendtobebettercommunicatorsthanmen Thisisshowninintelligencetests wherefemales onaverage dobetterinverbalcommunicationthanmales Ofcourse communicationisofutmostimportanceinrearingchildren aschildrentendtolearnfromandadoptthecommunicationstylesoftheirparents Thus whileitisallverywelltosuggestagreaterroleformeninraisingchildren letusnotforgetthatwomenaregenerallybettersuitedtotheparentingrole 雅思议论文论证结构 ArgumentSomepeoplethinkthat Othersbelievethat Discussandgiveyouropinion 题目特点 题目当中包含着针锋相对的两种观点 要求讨论并且提出你自己的观点 平衡式交代双方观点观点一及其理由观点二及其理由我的观点 倾向性 一或二或折中 注意 中心思想常在末段首句 雅思议论文论证结构 Somepeoplebelievethatmoneyspentonspaceresearchbenefitsallofhumanity Otherstaketheoppositeviewandsaythatmoneyforthistypeofresearchiswasted Discusstheseviewsandgiveyouropinion 雅思议论文论证结构 SampleAnswer Foroverfiftyyears anumberofnationshavebeeninvolvedintheexplorationofouterspace Thisresearchhasbeenverycostly ofcourse Hasthismoneybeenwellspentorwasted Somepeoplebelievethatallormostspaceresearchshouldbeeliminatedbecauseofitsincredibleexpense notonlyintermsofmoney butalsointermsofscientificandhumanresources Thesepeoplepointoutthefactthatitcostbillionsofdollarstosendastronautstothemoon butalltheybroughtbackweresomeworthlessrocks Thesepeoplesaythatthemoneyandeffortnowbeingwastedinouterspacecouldbespentonmoreimportantprojectsrighthereonearth suchasprovidinghousingforhomelesspeople improvingtheeducationsystem savingtheenvironment andfindingcuresfordiseases 雅思议论文论证结构 However otherpeoplebelievethatspaceresearchhasprovidedmanybenefitstomankind Theypointoutthathundredsofusefulproducts frompersonalcomputerstoheartpacemakerstofreeze driedfoods arethedirectorindirectresultsofspaceresearch Theysaythatweatherandcommunicationsatellites whicharealsoproductsofspaceprograms havebenefitedpeopleallovertheglobe Inadditiontothesepracticalbenefits supportersofthespaceprogrampointtothescientificknowledgethathasbeenacquiredaboutthesun themoon theplanets andevenourownearthasaresultofspaceresearch 雅思议论文论证结构 Iagreewiththosepeoplewhosupportspaceresearchandwishtocontinue Spaceresearch asshown hasalreadybroughtmanybenefitstohumanity Perhapsitwillbringevenmorebenefitsinthefuture onesthatwecannotevenimaginenow Moreover justasindividualpeopleneedchallengestomaketheirlivesmoreinteresting Ibelievethehumanraceitselfneedsachallenge andIthinkthatthepeacefulexplorationofouterspaceprovidesjustsuchachallenge 练习 Successfulsportsprofessionalscanearnagreatdealmoremoneythanpeopleinotherimportantprofessions Somepeoplethinkthisisfullyjustifiedwhileothersthinkitisunfair Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion题解 和从事其他重要职业的人士相比 成功的职业运动员能挣多得多的钱 一些人认为这是完全合理的 而其他人认为不公平 讨论这两种观点并提出你的看法 雅思议论文论证结构 范文 Asaresultofconstantmediaattention sportsprofessionalsinmycountryhavebecomestarsandcelebrities andthoseatthetoparepaidhugesalaries Justlikemoviestars theyliveextravagantlifestyleswithhugehousesandcars Manypeoplefindtheirrewardsunfair especiallywhencomparingthesesupersalarieswiththoseoftopsurgeonsorresearchscientists orevenleadingpoliticianswhohavetheresponsibilityofgoverningthecountry However sportssalariesarenotdeterminedbyconsideringthecontributiontosocietyapersonmakes orthelevelofresponsibilityheorsheholds Instead theyreflectthepublicpopularityofsportingeneralandthelevelofpublicsupportthatsuccessfulstarscangenerate Sothenotionof fairness isnottheissue 雅思议论文论证结构 范文 Thosewhofeelthatsportsstars salariesarejustifiedmightarguethatthenumberofprofessionalswithrealtalentareveryfew andthemoneyisarecognitionoftheskillsanddedicationapersonneedstobesuccessful Competitionisconstantandaplayeristestedeverytimetheyperformintheirrelativelyshortcareer Thepressurefromthemediaisintenseandthereislittleprivacyoutofthespotlight Soallofthesefactorsmayjustifythehugeearnings Personally Ithinkthattheamountofmoneysuchsportsstarsmakeismorejustifiedthanthehugeearningsofmoviestars butatthesametime itindicatesthatoursocietyplacesmorevalueonsportthanonmoreessentialprofessionsandachievements 雅思议论文论证结构 用词多样 收入高 题目中用的是earnagreatdealofmoney 文中几处地方分别改写成了arepaidhugesalaries supersalaries hugeearnings 认为 文中分别用了find feel 和think等 句型多变 长短句结合 例如第二段和第三段论证用的长句和总结时的短句 分类式交代双方观点并指出其复杂性 进行分类情形一及做法情形二及做法总结 AgreeorDisagree Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisview 同意不同意题型的几种开头写法 直接提出观点 同意 情景 观点 让步反驳 事实 对方观点及理由 反驳并提出自己观点 直接提出观点 同意 Creativeartistsshouldalwaysbegiventhefreedomtoexpresstheirownideas inwords pictures musicorfilm inwhicheverwaytheywish Thereshouldbenogovernmentrestrictionsonwhattheydo Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion 创造性艺术家应该拥有以自己想要的任何方式通过文字 图画 音乐或影像来表达思想的自由 对此政府不应该加以任何限制 你在何等程度上同意还是不同意这个观点 展示 练习 范文一 Onthespecificissueofcreativefreedomversusgovernmentrestrictions Iamfullyoftheopinionthatthelattershouldgiveplacetotheformer 范文二 Toaverylargeextent Ibelievethattheworkofcreativeartistsshouldnotberestrictedbyanygovernment Usingacomputereverydaycanhavemorenegativethanpositiveeffectsonyoungchildren Doyouagreeordisagree 每天用电脑对小孩来说弊大于利 你同意还是不同意 范文 Itendtoagreethatyoungchildrencanbenegativelyaffectedbytoomuchtimespentonthecomputereveryday Thisispartlybecausesittinginfrontofascreenfortoolongcanbedamagingtoboththeeyesandthephysicalpostureofayoungchild regardlessofwhattheyareusingthecomputerfor 我同意小孩每天花太多时间在电脑上会受到负面影响 部分原因在于无论小孩用电脑从事什么活动 长时间坐在屏幕前对小孩的眼睛和身体姿势有害 情景 观点 Shoulddangeroussportssuchasboxingormotor racingbebanned 范文 Millionsofpeopleplaysporteveryday and inevitably somesufferinjuryorpain Mostplayersandspectatorsacceptthisrisk However inmyopinion dangeroussportssuchasboxingshouldbebanned 让步反驳 Universitiesshouldacceptequalnumbersofmaleandfemalestudentsineverysubject Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree 大学应该在每一个学科都招收同等数量的男女学生 你在何等程度上同意或不同意这个观点 范文 Althoughsomepeoplemaythinkthatitisfairtomaintaingenderequalityineverydisciplineintheuniversity Itendtobelievethatsucharigidruleisimpracticalandevenharmful 虽然有的人认为大学里每个学科维持性别均等很合理 但我认为这种僵化做法不切实际 甚至有害 改写的三种方法 Paraphrase 换词性 使用同义词 改变句型 改写练习1 Thepositionofwomeninthesocietyhaschangedgreatlyinthepast20years Women ssocialstatushasundergonedramaticchangesinthelasttwodecades 改写练习2 Widespreadtobaccoconsumptionhasledtograveconsequences yetthetobaccocompaniesarestillclaimingthattheymakeavaluablecontributiontotheworldeconomy Extensivecigarettesmokinghascausedseriousproblems Butthetobaccocompaniesinsistthattheycontributegreatlytotheworldeconomy 改写练习3 Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind loveisprobablythenoblest Thereisprobablynootherfeelingthatisnoblerthanlove 事实 对方观点及理由 反驳并提出自己观点 Everyyearseverallanguagesdieout Somepeoplethinkitisnotimportantbecauselifewillbeeasieriftherearefewerlanguagesintheworld Doyouagreeordisagree 范文 Recentsurveyssuggestthatmanyoftheexistinglanguagesarethreatenedwithextinction 事实陈述 Somepeopleclaimthatthereisnothingtoworryaboutandcommunicationsbetweennationsmayevenbecomelessdifficultasaresult 对方观点及理由 However Idonotagreewiththisopinionbecauselanguagediversityiscrucialtothesurvivalanddevelopmentofhumancivilisationasawhole 反驳 提出自己观点 文章的主体段落论证反驳段支持段或者支持段1支持段2或者让步段反驳段 文章的三种结尾 总结本方中心思想及段落大意反驳对方观点并指出其谬误再次提出本方观点并融合对方观点的合理之处 第一种结尾举例 Manypeoplebelievethatwomenmakebetterparentsthanmenandthatthisiswhytheyhavethegreaterroleinraisingchildreninmostsocieties Othersclaimthatmenarejustasgoodaswomenatparenting Writeanessayexpressingyourpointofview 开头 Theviewthatwomenarebetterparentsthanmenhasshownitselftobetruethroughouthistory Thisisnottosaythatmenarenotofimportanceinchild rearing indeed theyaremostnecessaryifchildrenaretoappreciatefullytherolesofbothsexes Butwomenhaveproventhemselvessuperiorparentsasaresultoftheirconditioning theirlessaggressivenatureandtheirgenerallybettercommunicationskills 结尾 Thus whileitisallverywelltosuggestagreaterroleformeninraisingchildren letusnotforgetthatwomenaregenerallybettersuitedtotheparentingrole 第二种结尾举例 明显的是 那种认为语言少一些生活会更方便的观点是过于短视的 持有这种观点的人们没有能够考虑到语言在文化多元化中所扮演的重要角色 Obviously theopinionthatlifewillbesimplerwithfewerlanguagesisfartooshort sighted Peoplewhoholdthisviewhavenottakenintoconsiderationtheimportanceoflanguageinculturaldiversity Peoplewhoholdthisview Supportersofthisview Proponentsofthisview Opponents Peoplewhoargueagainstthisview Peoplewhoobjecttothisview 第三种结尾举例 Manypeoplethinkthatpubliclibrariesshouldonlyprovidebooksandshouldnotwastetheirlimitedmoneyonexpensivehi techmediasuchassoftware videoorDVD Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion 题目核心词 publiclibraries books traditionalandlessexpensive software video DVD modernandmorecostly limitedmoney分析 公共图书馆的角色 使命 有限的经费 应该用来买书 lessexpensive andthereforecanbenefitmorepeopleeasytocarry andsocanbereadanytime anywhere e g ontheplane inthebathroom itisapleasu