TEM-4 2003.doc

(TEM-4 2003）During McDonalds early years French fries were made from scratch every day. Russet Burbank potatoes were (31) , cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens. (32) the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought to (33) labout costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and (34) that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant.McDonalds began (35) to frozen French fries in 1966and few customers noticed the difference.(36) the change had a profound effect (37) the nations agriculture and diet.A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial (38) . McDonalds fries now come from huge manufacturing plants (39) can process two million pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion (40) McDonalds and the popularity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat.The (41) of McDonalds French fries played a (42) role in the chains successfries are much more profitable than humbergersand was (43) praised by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their (44) taste does not stem (45) the kind of potatoes that MaDonalds (46) , the technology that processes them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains use the (47) large processing companies, and havev similar (48) in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of a French fry is (49) determined by the cooking oil.For decades McDonalds cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oil and 93 per cent beef fat.The mixture gave the fries their unique (50) .31. A. scaled B. stripped C. peeled D. sliced32. A. As B. Due to C. Owing to D. With33. A. diminish B. cut C. decrease D. lessen34. A. ensue B. ensure C. enrish D. enable35. A. switching B. diverting C. modifying D. altering36. A. Still B.Anyway C. Besides D. Nevertheless37. A. of B. to C. on D. in38. A. brand B. stuff C. commodify D. produce39. A. this B. that C. / D. what40. A. into B. from C. in D. of41. A. taste B. production C. processing D. price42. A. decisive B. determinant C. essential D. crucial43. A. long B. only C. first D. lonely44. A. distinctive B. distinct C. distinguished D. distinguishable 45. A. in B. to C. on D. from46. A. possesses B. buys C. acquires D. grows47. A. exact B. identical C. same D. alike48. A. woks B. pots C. boilers D. fruers49. A. adequately B. massively C. plentifully D. largely50. A. flavour B. fragrance C. smell D. perfume译文：在麦当劳的发展初期，炸薯条是每日临时现做的。人们将一种被称为“褐色布尔班克”的土豆去皮、削成条，然后在厨房里油炸成“炸薯条”。由于麦当劳连锁店在全国范围内发展迅速，20世纪60年代中期麦当劳决定削减人力成本，减少供应商，并努力确保其每个分店的炸薯条口味相同。1966年麦当劳开始转向使用冷冻薯条而极少有顾客注意到了这其中的差别。然而这一转变对于整个国家的农业和饮食习惯影响巨大。一种人们熟悉的食品被转化成为经过高度加工的工业化产品。如今麦当劳的薯条来自娱每日土豆产量高达200万磅的大型生产商。随着麦当劳业务的日益扩展和其低成本、批量成产的炸薯条的日益普及，美国人的饮食习惯因此而改变。麦当劳炸薯条的独特口味对于其连锁店的成功来说功不可没；炸薯条的利润远高于汉堡包，并且长期以来深受麦当劳的顾客、竞争对手甚至是食品评论家的称赞。炸薯条的独特口味并非来自麦当劳所购买的土豆品种，也非来自加工技术或是油炸薯条的餐馆炊具：其他的餐饮连锁店也采用同样的“褐色布尔班克”土豆品种，从相同的大型加工商处购买薯条，并且在其餐馆厨房使用类似的油炸炊具。炸薯条的口味主要取决于烹饪油。几十年来麦当劳用以炸薯条的烹饪油是由7%的棉籽油和93%的牛油混合而成。这种混合油给予了麦当劳的炸薯条与众不同的风味。31.C 解析：根据上下文可知，麦当劳早期的炸薯条都是使用一种叫Russet Burbank的土豆现场加工而成。加工的过程包括削皮、切成细条、在厨房里炸制出来，因此选项peel“削（皮）”为正确答案。（语义线索题。考查动词的含义。动词scale的意思“依比例决定，攀登，测量”，也可表示“剥落”，但为不及物动词。strip表示“剥，剥去”，常与介词of或off搭配使用，如：strip of ones clothes脱去某人衣服；He strpped the paper off the wall.（他把纸从墙上撕去。）slide表示“切片”）32.A 解析：选项B、C为介词词组，选项D为介词，后必须接名词或名词词组，而句中空格之后为主、谓完整的句子结构，分析整句结构，此部分应该为表示原因的状语从句，需要一个连接状语从句的从属连词，只有选项A符合要求。（语法线索题。考查从属连词的用法。根据上下文可知此处as引导原因和伴随状语从句。动词expand此处是不及物动词，表示“发展，扩张”的意思。due to和owing to都表示“由于”的意思，后接名词词组。with后可接独立主格结构，但是此句中expand是不及物动词，因此不合适。）33.B 解析：考查考生对动词与名词搭配的掌握。动词cut与名词cost构成习惯搭配，表示“削减开支”的意思。（语义线索题。A.diminish“（使）减少，（使）变小”，C.decrease“减少”，D.lessen“减少，减轻”，均不与cost搭配。）34.B 解析：选项B.ensure“确保”能接that引导的宾语从句，表示“确保某事能发生”。（语义线索题。考查句子层面的动词含义。A.ensue“接着发生”，为不及物动词，不跟宾语从句，不合题意。C.enrish“使富裕”，是及物动词，常直接跟名词作宾语，不跟宾语从句。D.enable“使.能够”，常用于“enable+宾语+不定式”的结构中，不跟宾语从句。）35.A 解析：switch表示在不同事物之间的转变、转移或切换，后跟介词to接转换所至的对象，如：switching from teaching to writing。此处表示由“临时现做”转换成“购买冷冻薯条”的形式，符合题意。（语义线索题。考查动词含义及搭配。B、C和D皆为及物动词，与原句语法上不符。）36.D 解析：连接性副词nevertheless表示“然而，不过”，一般用于和前文进行对比，用于正式语体，符合题意。（语法线索题。考查连接副词的含义及用法。anyway表示“无论如何，总之”，用于非正式文体。besides是一个表示递进关系的连接性副词，表示“此外，除.之外”的意思，still表示“还，仍，更”均不符合文意。）37.C 解析：名词effect与介词on是固定搭配。知道这一点就不难选出正确答案。（固定搭配题。本题考查考生对名词与介词搭配的掌握。）38.C 解析：考查名词含义。句中提到，一种食物被转换成经加工的工业化“产品”。选项commodity表示“商品，农产品；工业产品”，因此应选C。（词汇线索题。brand表示“商标，牌子，烙印”。stuff的意思是“原料，材料”，是不可数名词。名词produce表示“产物，农产品”，均不符题意。）39.B 解析：这句话需要一个关系代词连接定语从句修饰名词plants，同时该关系代词在从句中充当主语成分，只有选项B符合要求。而且that不可省略。（语法线索题。考查关系代词的用法。this能作限定词或代词，但不作关系代词，不可以连接从句。what相当于that which/ the thing that，其本身已包括了先行词，因此作关系代词时只能引导如主语从句、宾语从句等名词性关系分句，而不能引导定语从句等形容词性关系分句。）40.D 解析：从句子含义来看，expansion和McDonalds之间是从属关系，与后面的the popularity of.形成并列排比关系，所以应该选择D。（语法线索题。考查句子层面介词的用法。）41.A 解析：本段谈到的内容主要是McDonalds 的薯条之所以与众不同就是它的口味独特。另外，在本段的倒数第3句中出现了“the taste of a French fry.”的字样。综合以上考虑可知选项A为正确答案。（词汇线索题。本题要求考生综合上下文考虑。production“生产，产品”，processing“处理”，price“价格”，均不符题意。）42.D 解析：本题考查考生对四个近义词的区分和掌握。A和B都有“决定性的”的含义。我们从上下文可知，薯条的独特风味在McDonalds的食品中占重要的地位，但还不是“决定性的”地位。选项D是正确答案，意即“占重要作用”。（词义辨析题。而从语法角度可以排除C（冠词a后面的名词不以元音开头）。）43.A 解析：考查句子层面副词的含义和用法。从句意分析，作者是想表明“炸薯条”对于麦当劳的成功功不可没，只有选项A从意义上符合“炸薯条饱受赞誉”的语境。（语义线索题。only仅仅，只不过；first首先，最初；lonely孤独的，均不符题意。）44.A 解析：考查句子层面形容词的含义。distinctive“有特色的，与众不同的”，强调“有特色”或“某物有别于其他同类”，常作前置修饰语，A符合题意。（distinct“明显的，清楚的”，强调“很容易注意到的”，如a distinct smell of burning; distinguished“著名的，受人尊敬的”，如a distinguished politician; distinguishable“可辨认的”，如A black object is not easily distinguishable on a dark night.）45.D 解析：本题考查考生对动词与介词搭配的掌握。stem与from搭配，有“起源于，发生于”的意思。如：customs stemming from the past“来自过去的习俗”。此处用from符合句意，因此D为正确答案。（固定搭配题。其他三选项不与stem搭配。）46.B 解析：从上下文可以看出麦当劳本身不产土豆，它从供应商手中购得土豆，因而应选buys。（语义线索题。考查篇章分析能力。Acquire强调“通过个人的努力或手段而得到某个不容易得到的东西”，在此处并不十分符合题意。）47.C 解析：依题意，其他连锁店从同样的加工商处购得加工薯条，选项C.same强调“所提及的事物事实上是同一物”，符合题意。（语义线索题。考查形容词的含义和区分。A.exact“确切的，精确的”，强调“与事实没有偏差，准确无误”；B.identical“完全一模一样的”，强调“两个不同的事物在细节上十分接近”；D.alike“相似的”，为表语形容词，不用做前置修饰语。）48.D 解析：根据上下文，此处对应“炸”薯条的炊具，因此应选fryers“油炸锅”，符合题意。(词汇线索题。考查篇章分析能力。wok是指一种中国式的铁锅，表示“锅，炒菜锅”。pot表示“壶”。boiler表示“煮器（锅、壶的统称）”，均不符题意。)49.D 解析：考查习惯搭配。D.largely“很大程度上，主要地”，符合“炸土豆条的味道主要由使用的油而定”的句意。(词汇线索题。A.adequately“充分地”，B.massively“大量地”，C.plentifully“丰足地”，均不合题意。)50.A 解析：考查句子层面的名词含义。A.flavour“口味，风味”，可指食物品尝起来让人愉悦的味道，A符合题意。（词汇线索题。B.fragrance“芬芳，香味”，D.perfume“香味，芳香，香水”，C.smell“气味，嗅觉”，均与味觉有关，不涉及食物的口感，不符合题意。）51. Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth,wheat by far the biggest cereal crop. (2003) A. is B. been C. be D. being52. Jack from home for two days now,and I am beginning to worry about his safety. (2003) A. has been missing B. has been missed C. had been missing D. was missed53. Above the trees are the hills, magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. (2003) A. where B. of whose C. whose D. which54. Who was coming to see me in my office this afternoon? (2003) A. you said B. did you say C. did you say that D. you did say55. Does Alan like hamburgers?Yes.So much that he eats them almost every day. (2003)A. for B. as C. to D. so56. Your ideas, , seem unusual to me. (2003) A. like her B. like hers C. similar to her D. similar to herself57. The opening ceremony is a great ossasion, it is essential for that. (2003)A. for us to be prepared B. that we are prepared C. of us to be prepared D. our being prepared58. Time , the celebration will be held as scheduled. (2003) A. permit B. ppermitting C. permitted D. permits59. I like economics, I like sociology much better. (2003) A. As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much as60. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because going to agree upon anything today. (2003)A. neither you nor I are B. neither you nor me is C. neither you nor I am D. neither me nor you are61. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, is something we had not expected. (2003) A. which B. it C. that D. what62. He is quite worn out form years of hard work.He is not the man he was twenty years ago. (2003) A. which B. that C. who D. whom63. Since the weather is fine we walk for a while. (2003) A. may B. must C. might as well D. will64. She would just stay go. (2003)A. as soon; as B. rather; as to C. prefer; to D. sooner;as65. It is turning dark.I am afraid a heavy rain is . (2003) A. impacting B. impending C. impeding D. impeaching66. The mother needs bottle feeds for she doesnt have enough milk to breast-feed her baby. (2003) A. extra B. additional C. supplementary D. surplus67. I am glad to hear that John finally his own mistakes. (2003) A. owned up to B. made up to C. caught on to D. got on to68. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ? (2003) A. hadnt she B. hasnt she C. wouldnt she D. didnt she69. At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not . (2003) A. on view B. at a glance C. on the scene D. in sight70. The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the . (2003) A. latter B. latest C. later D. last71. It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station, traffic delays. (2003) A. acknowledging B. affording C. allowing for D. accounting for72. He will have to his indecent behaviour one day. (2003) A. answer to B. answer for C. answer back D. answer about73. With exceptions, the former president does not appear in public now. (2003) A. rare B. unusual C. extraodinary D. unique74. We have been hearing accounts of your work. (2003) A. favoured B. favourable C. favourite D. favouring75. During the summer holiday season there are no rooms in this seaside hotel. (2003) A. empty B. blank C. deserted D. vacant76. Drive straight ahead, and then you will see a to the Shanghaii-Nanjing Expressway. (2003) A. sign B. mark C. signal D. board77. Whenever possible, Ian how well he speaks Japanese. (2003)A. shows up B. shows around C. shows off D. shows out78. The tenant left nothing behind except some of paper,cloth, etc. (2003) A. sheets B. scraps C. pages D. slices79. Shares on the stock market have as a result of a world-wide economic downturn. (2003) A. turned B. changed C. floated D. fluctuated80. I think you can take a(n) language course to improve your English. (2003) A. intermediate B. middle C. medium D. mid51.D 译文：农业是该国财富的主要来源，而小麦是其最重要的谷类作物。 解析：独立主格结构。分析本句结构，由于逗号不能连接两个完整的句子，因而逗号后所接部分只能是非谓语形式，加上它有自己的主语，则构成独立主格结构，作句子的状语成分表示伴随状态。选项A.is和C.be为谓语动词，不可选，而选项B.been为过去分词，只见于独立结构中的被动形式，不合题意。请注意，此处being也可省略，“主语+名词”的结构也是独立主格的形式之一，如：Two hundred people died in the accident, most of them children.52.A 译文：杰克离家失踪已经两天，我开始担心他的安全问题了。 解析：miss一词的-ing形式和-ed形式的区别及时态一致。missing和missed两词区别颇大，前者为形容词，表示“（人或物）下落不明，失踪的”。missed是过去分词形式，与be动词连用，为被动关系，表示“被错过的”，依句意，此处应取“失踪的”这一含义，因此B和C都不合题意。另外，由句中的时间状语for two days now可确定用现在完成时，因此选项A正确。53.C 译文：树丛之上是巍峨的群山，倒影在水面之上清晰可见。 解析：whose引导非限定性定语从句。由whose引导的非限定性定语从句一般表示解释说明，在语义上相当于一个并列分句，这句话则可以理解为：Above the trees are the hills, and the river faithfully reflects on the surface the magnificence of the hills.由于magnificence和hills之间有从属关系，A和D不合题意。由于whose本身相当于of which，B在语义上有重复，也不该选。54.B 译文：你刚才说谁今天下午要到我办公室来找我？ 解析：复杂特殊疑问句，用来征询对方对某事的看法、判断、意见或请求重述等，如：What do you think will possibly be the outcome?这是由Do you think+宾语分句what will possibly be the outcome演变而来，不过将what移至句首而已，能在主句中作这样用法的动词，除think外，还有believe, imagine, reckon, say, suppose等。疑问词在这种结构中可在宾语从句中作不同成分，如：How much do you think he earns?(作宾语) How fast would you say he drove?(作状语)55.D 译文：艾伦喜欢吃汉堡包吗？ 是的，他可喜欢了，几乎每天都吃。 解析：固定搭配。“so much so + that 从句”结构用在陈述句之后，表示“如此.以至.”。56.B 译文：你的观点和她的一样，在我看来都不一般。 解析：比较结构中比较项的一致。句中与your ideas相比较的比较项是her ideas,而不是her，由于her ideas可以由名词性物主代词hers代替，因此B为正确选项。选项C和D中的her和herself都无法代替her ideas，因而不能选。57.A 译文：开幕仪式是一个非常隆重的场合，我们必须为此做好准备。 解析：essential的用法。essential在表示“做某事非常有必要”时常见于结构It is essential that.或It is essential (for sb.) to do sth.，因此选项A为正确选项。由于该结构在跟that从句时需使用虚拟语气(should) do.，因此选项B错；没有D这种结构；It is.of sb. to do sth.结构中is后所跟形容词为主语补语，常为nice, kind, generous, willing, reluctant, deliberate等描写人物特征、品德的形容词，essential不能用于这种结构，故不选C。58.B 译文：如果时间上来得及，庆祝会将如期举行。 解析：独立主格结构。此句中使用的是“主语+动词-ing形式”的独立主格结构，作条件状语，相当于It time permits,因此应选B。由于time和permit不构成被动或完成关系，因此不选C。A和D为谓语动词，无法构成独立结构，因此不能选。59.D 译文：尽管我很喜欢经济学，但我对社会学的热爱远远胜过了我对经济学的喜爱。 解析：as引导的让步状语从句。英语中“形容词/副词 + as + 主语 + 谓语”的结构，为让步状语从句，强调主句的“出人意料”，如：Young as he is, he is rather calm and self-contained.题中句子相当于：Although I like economics very much, I like sociology much better.60.C 译文：再就这个问题讨论下去是徒劳无益的，因为你我今天是不会达成任何一致的意见的。 解析：并列主语的主谓一致。由or, either. or, neither. nor, not only. but(also)连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数采用就近原则。在这句话里的原因状语从句中需要两个并列主语，因此选项B.neither you nor me is中使用宾格me是错误的；而根据就近原则只有选项C.neither you nor I am符合要求。61.A 译文：他们克服一切困难，提前两个月完成了工程，这让我们颇感意外。解析：which引导非限定性定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，对主句进行补充说明，在句意上是独立平行的并列意义，相当于并列复合句中的第二分句，这句话里相当于：They overcome all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, and this is something we had not expected.由于that只能引导限制性定语从句，因此C不可选，B.it和D.what皆不引导定语从句。62.B 译文：多年的艰辛劳作让他疲惫不堪，他已不再是20年前的他了。 解析：关系代词that在从句中作主语补语。这里需要一个连词定语从句又做从句中的主语补语，只有B符合要求。who引导定语从句时作主语，而whom则作从句中的宾语，因此C和D都不可选，which不引导修饰人的定语从句，因此在这里也不合适。63.C 译文：既然天气很好，我们不妨出去走一走。 解析：情态动词的含义。四个选项均可后接动词原形。从句用since引导，说明某种事实或提前，主句的语气不适合用may, must, will。might as well意为“不妨”，C适合本剧的情态含义。64.A 译文：她宁愿留下而不愿意走。 解析：固定搭配。would (just) as soon. as，意思是“宁愿.而不愿”，后面用不带to的不定式。Rather后与than连用，prefer前面不接just，用prefer X to Y 结构时，X、Y均不能是动词原形（可以用动名词）；sooner不与as而与than搭配；故其他选项不妥。所以A为正确答案。 65.B 译文：天变黑了。恐怕一场大雨即将来临。 解析：动词的含义。Impact“对.发生影响，撞击”；impend“即将发生，进行威胁”；impede“阻止，阻碍”；impeach“控告，告发”。根据句意“天要下雨了”，正确答案应是B。66.C 译文：这位母亲需要增补牛奶来喂养孩子，因为她奶水不足。 解析：形容词的含义。extra指“额外的，外加的，附加的”，即超出平常的、所需的或所期待的量；additional“附加的，另外的，外加的”；supplementary“补充的，增补的，追加的”；surplus“剩余，过剩，盈余”。根据句意，这位母亲奶水不够，所以要补充、增补牛奶等喂养品，正确答案应为C。67.A 译文：我很高兴得知约翰最终承认了错误。 解析：固定短语含义。own up to“承认”；make up to“讨好，接近”；catch up to“理解”；get on to“想出，理解”。本句是说约翰最后承认了自己的错误，所以A为正确答案。68.C 译文：如果她稍微改变一点的话，那她就会更可亲了，难道不是吗？ 解析：复合句的反意疑问形式。英语里反意疑问句中如果陈述部分是主从复合句，一般情况下，疑问部分与主句一致，如：If you had come yesterday,you might have seen him, mightnt you? 又如：When the teacher speaks, we have to keep quiet, dont we ? 但在有些情况下，如果主语是第一人称且谓语是一般现在时，疑问部分则与从句保持一致才与整个句子协调，这主要由句子的重心决定，如：Im sure that your mother has told you about me, hasnt she?69.D 译文：在3000英尺的高度开始出现广袤的平原，远处的山随时可见。 解析：固定短语含义。on view“展览着，陈列着”；at a glance“一瞥之下”；on the scene“出场，出现”；in sight“被看见”。选项D最符合题意。70.A 译文：人类文明发展的前两个阶段很可能是以武器的发明和火的发明为标志的，尽管无人确切地知道人是何时学会使用后者的。 解析：形近词辨析。A.latter“两者中的后者”，符合题意。B.latest“最新的，最近的”；C.later“更迟的，更后的；稍后，随后”；D.last“最后的”。71.C 译文：考虑到交通阻塞延迟的因素，我们到火车站需要20分钟的时间。 解析：固定短语含义。allowing for“考虑，顾及”，如：Youll have to allow for certain amount of error.(你得考虑到一定程度的错误率。)也使用allow for (sb. /sth.) doing，如：Allowing for the train being late, we should be back by 12.(把火车误点的时间考虑在内，我们12点以前应该回来了。)C在此处符合题意。A.acknowledging“承认，答谢”；C.affording“提供，给予”；D.accounting for“说明，解释；占”。72.B 译文：总有一天他得为自己不体面的行为付出代价。 解析：固定短语含义。B.answer for“承受.的后果（报应）”，如：Youll have to answer for what you have done to him.（你得为对他所做的一切承担后果。）符合题意。A.answer to“符合”，如：Those who answer to the description given by the police will be put into prison.(那些和警察所提供的相貌