初中语法之十一 被动语态.doc

动词语态英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。1如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如：They speak English.他们讲英语。2如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。 English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 一、 被动语态的构成1、 助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。二、 主动语态变被动语态1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。（2）将动词改为be+过去分词。They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday.（3）将主动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack.三、 各种时态的被动语态1、 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词 We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。2、 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词 A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。3、 一般将来时：will be+过去分词 The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。4、 现在进行时：am/is/are +being + 过去分词 The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。5、 过去进行时：was/were +being + 过去分词The talk was being given at this time yesterday.6、 现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词 The flowers have been watered.这些花已经被浇了。7、 过去完成时：had been+过去分词 She said this lift had never been used.8、 过去将来时：would be+过去分词 The film would be shown again sometime next week. 9、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 四、 被动语态的特殊用法1、 不及物动词不用于被动语态。Appear, rise, die, happen, occur, lie, depart, belong to, break out, take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。2、 表状态动词不用于被动语态 常见的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, ail, look like等3、 某些动词的进行时可表被动 The meat is cooking.肉在煮着。 The cakes are baking,蛋糕在烘。The book is printing.这本书正在印刷。4、 主动形式表被动意义。1）某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。如：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。2）动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。如：want, deserve, need, require, take, worth等The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。3)某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解 The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。随堂练习题1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is ; built B. Was ; built C. Does ; build D .Did ; build2.An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C .grows D. grow4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives6.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done7.The doctor _ for yet.A. isnt sent B. hasnt been sent C. wont be sent D. wasnt sent8.-When _ this kind of computer_? -Last year.A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used9.Who _ this book _?A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D .was; written10.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked D .asks to11.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D .told us12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump13.Older people _ well.A. looks after B .must be looked after C. must look after D .looked after14.Our teacher _ carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened15. In some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served16. It was reported that the murderer _ arrested. A. has been B. had been C. has D. had17. Do you think that the bridge _ in a year?A. would be completed B. will be completed C. had been completed D. is being completed18. Great changes _ in China since the Peoples Republic of China _ in 1949.A. have taken place; was founded B. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; founded D. took place; founded19.Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy? She has _ by her classmates.A. laughed B. laughed at C. been laughed D. been laughed at20. Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need21. I promise that matter will _.A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of22. No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building.A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given23. I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given24. Can such a thing _ happening again?A. prevent from B. prevented from C. be prevented from D. to prevent from25. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building26. This bike _ last year. A. bought B. has been boughtC. was bought D. had been bought27. Did you see the house that _ by fire last year?A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed28. It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital.A. hasnt been decided B. isnt deciding C. doesnt decide D. hasnt decided29. The pen _ me. It is hers.A. isnt belong to B. wasnt belong to C. doesnt belong to D. didnt belong to30. I cant use my bike because it _.A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repairing31. The chairman told the speaker that she _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _.A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear . C had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard32 The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed34.How long _ at this job?Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D .will you be employed35.What happened to the priceless works of art? _. (NMET 2003北京春季, 34)A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them36. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing37. Ra