2016中考英语知识点梳理：短语动词和句型的讲解

精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创1/182016中考英语知识点梳理短语动词和句型的讲解莲山课件M2016中考英语知识点梳理短语动词和句型的讲解【考点直击】1短语动词的辨析2英语句子的基本句型结构3初中阶段主要句型的用法。【名师点睛】短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段，我们已经学习了不少短语动词，把他们加以归纳总结，进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。1短语动词的分类1动词介词常见的有LOOKFOR,LOOKAFTER,ASKFOR,LAUGHAT,HEAROF等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如DONTLAUGHATOTHERSTOMASKEDHISPARENTSFORABIKE2动词副词精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创2/18常见的有GIVEUP,PICKUP,THINKOVER,FINDOUT,HANDIN,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如YOULLHANDINYOURHOMEWORKTOMORROWPLEASEDONTFORGETTOHANDITIN3动词副词介词常见的有GOONWITH,CATCHUPWITH等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如GOONANDILLCATCHUPWITHYOUINFIVEMINUTESAFTERASHORTREST,HEWENTONWITHHISRESEARCHWORK4动词名词介词常见的有TAKECAREOF,MAKEUSEOF,PAYATTENTIONTO,MAKEFUNOF等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如YOUSHOULDPAYATTENTIONTOYOURHANDWRITINGWESHOULDMAKEFULLUSEOFOURTIME5动词形容词常见的有LEAVEOPEN,SETFREE,CUTOPEN等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创3/18THEPRISONERSWERESETFREEHECUTITOPEN6动词名词常见的有TAKEPLACE,MAKEFRIENDS等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如THISSTORYTOOKPLACETHREEYEARSAGOIMAKEFRIENDSWITHALOTOFPEOPLE2短语动词的辨析1BEMADEIN在生产或制造，BEMADEOF由组成或构成2COMEDOWN下来落，COMEALONG来随同，COMETOONESELF苏醒，COMETRUE实现，COMEOUT花开发芽出现出来，COMEOVER过来顺便来访，COMEIN进来，COMEON来吧跟着来赶快,COMEUPWITH找到提出3DOONESBEST尽最大努力,DOWELLIN在干得好,DOONESHOMEWORK做作业，DOSOMEREADING阅读4FALLASLEEP入睡，FALLBEHIND落在后面，FALLOFF从掉下，FALLDOWN到下跌倒5GETDOWN下来落下，GETON上车，GETTO到达，GETUP起床，GETBACK回来取回，GETOFF下来，GETONWELLWITH与相处融洽，GETMARRIED结婚，GETTOGETHER相聚精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创4/186GIVEUP放弃，GIVEAHAND给与帮助，GIVEACONCERT开音乐会7GOBACK回去，GOON继续，GOHOME回家，GOTOBED睡觉，GOOVER过一遍仔细检查，GOOUT外出到外面，GOWRONG走错路，GOONDOING继续做某事，GOSHOPPING买东西，GOBOATING去划船,GOFISHING去钓鱼，GOHIKING去徒步旅行，GOSKATING去滑冰，GOSTRAIGHTALONG沿着一直往前走8HAVEALOOK看一看,HAVEASEAT坐下,HAVESUPPER吃晚餐,HAVEAREST休息,HAVESPORTS进行体育活动,HAVEACOLD感冒,HAVEACOUGH咳嗽,HAVEAGOODTIME过得愉快,HAVEAHEADACHE头痛，HAVEATRY尝试努力9LOOKFOR寻找，LOOKOUT留神注意，LOOKOVER仔细检查，LOOKUP向上看抬头看，LOOKAFTER照顾照看，LOOKAT看观看，LOOKLIKE看起来像，LOOKTHESAME看起来像，10MAKEFRIENDS交朋友，MAKEPHONECALLS打电话，MAKEMONEY赚钱，MAKETHEBED整理床铺，MAKEANOISE吵闹，MAKEAFACES做鬼脸，MAKEONESWAYTO往走去，MAKEROOMFOR给腾出地方，精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创5/18MAKEADECISION做出决定，MAKEAMISTAKE犯错误，MAKEUPONESMIND下决心11PUTON上演穿上戴上，PUTUP挂起举起，PUTDOWN把某物放下来，PUTAWAY把某物收起来,PUTOFF推迟12TAKEOFF脱掉衣服，TAKEPHOTOS照相，TAKETIME花费时间，TAKEOUT取出，TAKEASEAT坐下，TAKEANACTIVEPARTIN积极参加，TAKECAREOF照顾照料注意，TAKEEXERCISE做运动，TAKEONESPLACE坐某人的位置代替某人的职务，TAKETURN轮流13TALKABOUT谈话交谈，TALKWITH和交谈14TURNON打开电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等，TURNOFF关上电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等，TURNDOWN关小调低，TURNOVER把翻过来15THINKOF认为想起，THINKABOUT考虑3句子的基本句型结构根据句子所用动词的不同，句子可归纳为五个基本句型。1主语连系动词表语。例如MYMOTHERISADOCTORHERVOICESOUNDSNICE2主语不及物动词。例如精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创6/18HERUNSFASTWESTUDYHARD3主语及物动词宾语。例如CHILDRENOFTENSINGTHISSONGHESTUDIESENGLISH1常用ING形式,而不用不定式作宾语的动词有ENJOY,FINISH,FEELLIKE,CONSIDER,PRACTISE,KEEP,SUGGEST,MIND等。例如SHEENJOYSREADINGNOVELSANDSWIMMINGIFINISHEDREADINGTHEBOOKLASTNIGHT2常用不定式，而不用ING形式作宾语的动词有WISH,HOPE,AGREE,PLAN,DECIDE,REFUSE等。例如WHEREDOWISHTOSITTOMAGREEDTOLENDSOMEMONEY3有些及物动词既可用不定式，由可用ING形式作宾语，但意义不同。这类动词常见的有REMEMBER,FORGET等。例如PLEASEREMEMBERTOPOSTTHELETTERFORME请记住替我发了这封信。IREMEMBERPOSTINGTHELETTER我记得那封信寄过了。STOP的用法同上面的词相仿，不过STOP后面跟不定式精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创7/18不是作宾语，而是作状语。试比较下列句子HESTOPPEDTOSMOKE他停下来吸烟。HESTOPPEDSMOKING他停止吸烟了。4有些及物动词的宾语，既可用不定式，又可用ING形式，意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有LIKE,LOVE,HATE,BEGIN,START,CONTINUE等。例如ILIKETOSWIMINSUMMERILIKESWIMMINGINSUMMER4主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语。例如MYFATHERBOUGHTMEANEWBIKEHEGAVEMEANAPPLE1及物动词之后跟有双宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物。指人的为间接宾语，指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前需加介词。例如PLEASEPASSMEACUPOFTEAPLEASEPASSACUPOFTEATOMESHOWMEYOURNEWBOOK,PLEASEPLEASESHOWYOURNEWBOOKTOME2把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾前有时加介词TO,有时加介词FOR,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创8/18词GIVE,TELL,SELL,LEND,SHOW之后加TO。在动词BUY,MAKE,GET等之后加FOR。例如WOULDYOULENDMEYOURDICTIONARY,PLEASEWOULDYOULENDYOURDICTIONARYTOME,PLEASETOMSMOTHERBOUGHTHIMAPAIROFNEWSHOESTOMSMOTHERBOUGHTAPAIROFNEWSHOESFORHIM5主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语。例如WEKEEPOURCLASSROOMCLEANANDTIDYIHEARSOMEONESINGINGINTHENEXTROOM1及物动词指后跟有复合宾语，一个是宾语，一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如WECALLHIMJACKDONTGETYOURHANDSDIRTY2在及物动词之后，用不定式作宾语补足语和用ING形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程用ING形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如IHEARDHIMSINGTHATSONG我听他唱过那首歌。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创9/18WHENICAMEBACK,IHEARDHIMSINGINGINTHEROOM我回来时，听见他正在房间里唱歌。3在感官动词SEE,HEAR,FEEL,WATCH,LISTENTO,LOOKAT使役动词LET,MAKE,HAVE等的复合宾语种，不定式须省去TO。但变为被动句时，省去的TO要加上。例如ISAWHIMGOINTOTHEROOMHEWASSEENTOGOINTOTHEROOM4初中阶段主要句型的用法。1ITSTIMETOFOR表“时间到了该干的时间了”之意。ITSTIMETOGOHOMEITSTIMEFORSCHOOL注意TO的后面接动词短语，而FOR的后面接名词。2ITSBADGOODFOR表示“对有害有益的”含义。PLEASEDONTSMOKEITSBADFORYOURHEALTHPLEASETAKEMOREEXERCISEITSGOODFORYOURHEALTH3BELATEFORSCHOOL是“上学迟到”之意。FOR后面还可以接MEETING或CLASS。HEWASLATEFORSCHOOLTHISMORNINGDONTBELATEFORCLASS,PLEASE4HADBETTERDO/NOTDOSTH表示“最好做/不做某事”精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创10/18之意。YOUHADBETTERPUTONTHECOATWHENYOUGOOUTITSCOLDOUTSIDEWEHADBETTERSTOPTOHAVEAREST注意用HADBETTER时，后面一定要直接跟动词原形，决不能加TODOSTH否定一定用在第二个动词之前，是动词不定式的否定式。5BEFEELAFRAIDOF表示“恐怕”，“害怕”之意。HEISAFRAIDOFSNAKESMARYFEELSAFRAIDOFGOINGOUTALONE6ENJOYDOINGSTH是“喜欢爱好做某事”之意，DOING是动名词作动词ENJOY的宾语。ENJOY有欣赏之意。AREYOUENJOYLIVINGINBEIJINGDOYOUENJOYLISTENINGTOMUSIC7STOPDOINGSTH停止做某事STOPTODOSTH停下来做某事ITSTIMEFORCLASSSTOPTALKING,PLEASEWHENSHESAWME,SHESTOPPEDTOTALKWITHME8LETMAKESBDO让使某人做某事。LETSGOTOSCHOOL精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创11/18FATHERMADEHISSONCLEANTHEROOMAGAIN注意当MAKESBDOSTH用于被动语态时，第二个动词前面就一定要加TO了。如HISSONWASMADETOCLEANTHEROOMAGAINHEWASMADETOWORKTWELVEHOURSADAYINTHEPAST9LIKETODO/LIKEDOINGSTH是“喜欢做某事”之意。LIKETODOSTH是表示比较具体的喜欢做某事LIKEDOINGSTH是表示宠统的喜欢做某事。如ILIKETOSWIMINTHESWIMMINGPOOL我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。喜欢的具体的地方游泳ILIKESWIMMING我喜欢游泳只讲喜欢这项运动10ASKTELLSBTODONOTTODOSTH请让某人不做某事JIMASKEDHISMOTHERTOHELPHIMWITHHISLESSONSWHENDIDYOUTELLHIMNOTTOSHOUTLOUDLY11GIVELENDSBSTHGIVELENDSTHTOSB给借给某人某物MIKEGAVEMEANEWPAIROFSTOCKINGSPLEASELENDUSYOURCAR12BEBUSYDOINGSTH表示“忙于做某事”之意。THESTUDENTSAREBUSYGETTINGREADYFORTHEEXAMSISMRSBLACKBUSYWASHINGCLOTHES精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创12/1813TOOTO表示“太以致不能”的含义。SHEISTOOYOUNGTOGOTOSCHOOLTHEOLDMANWASTOOTIREDTOWALKFARTHER14NOTUNTIL是“直才”之意。MYDAUGHTERDIDNTGOTOBEDUNTIL11OCLOCKLASTNIGHTWEWONTHAVETIMETORESTUNTILTHESUMMERHOLIDAYCOMES15SOTHAT是“如此以致”的意思。PETERISSOCLEVERTHATALLTHETEACHERSLIKEHIMVERYMUCHTHESONGISSOWONDERFULTHATEVERYONELIKESTOLISTENTOIT16NEITHERNOR是“既不也不”之意。MRSMITHISNEITHERAWORKERNORASOLDIERHEISASCIENTISTNEITHERYOUNORIAMFREE17ENOUGHTODOSTH是“足以去做某事”之意。SHEISOLDENOUGHTOGOTOSCHOOLPETERWASTALLENOUGHTOREACHTHEAPPLE19PREFERTO是“比起来，还是好，”“喜欢而不喜欢”之意。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创13/18IPREFERENGLISHTOMATHSILIKEENGLISHBETTERTHANMATHSHEPREFERSPLAYINGFOOTBALLTOPLAYINGBASKETBALL20NOTATALL是“根本不”之意。IDONTKNOWMRKINGATALLDAVIDDOESNTLIKESINGINGATALL21KEEPSBDOINGSTH是“使某人继续做某事”之意。MRWANGDIDNTCOMETOSCHOOLONTIMESHEKEPTMEWAITINGFORTWOHOURSDONTKEEPYOURMOTHERDOINGEVERYTHINGFORYOUYOUSHOULDDOITBYYOURSELF22KEEPSTHADJ是“保持某物处于某种状况”之意。PLEASEKEEPOURCLASSROOMCLEANANDTIDYTHATWOOLSWEATERKEPTHERBODYWARMENOUGH23SEESBDOINGSTH表示“看见某人正在做某事”之意。WHENMYBROTHERPASSEDTHEPOSTOFFICE,HESAWALITTLEBOYCRYINGATTHEDOORDIDYOUSEEACARCOMINGHERE精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创14/1824SEESBDOSTH是“看见某人做了某事”之意。THATGIRLSAWANOLDWOMANFALLDOWNONTHEROADYESTERDAYHAVEYOUSEENTHELEAVESDROPINTOTHERIVER25HEARSBDOINGSTH是“听到某人正在做某事”之意。LISTENCANYOUHEARSOMEONESINGINGONTHEHILLWEHEARDHIMTALKINGWITHMRLILOUDLYJUSTNOW26HEARSBDOSTH表示“听见某人做了某事”之意。HEWASOFTENHEARDTOSINGINHISROOMINTHEPASTWHYDIDNTYOUHEARMECOMEINTOTHESITTINGROM27BEUSEDFORDOINGSTH是“被用来做某事”的意思。KNIVESAREUSEDFORCUTTINGTHINGSTEAPOTISUSEDFORKEEPINGTEAWARM28ITSTHREEMETRESLONG/HIGH/WIDE它是三米长高、宽形容词要放在后面作后置定语。句型是IT/主语BE数词米/公里形容词。HISFATHERISONEANDSEVENTYMETRESTALLTHATRIVERISFIFTYMETRESWIDE29WHATSWRONGWITH/WHATSTHEPROBLEMWITH/WHATSTHETROUBLEWITH/WHATSTHEMATTER表示“出了什么毛病”“哪儿不舒服”“怎么啦”的含义。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创15/18WHATSWRONGWITHYOURCARWHATSWRONGWITHYOU,LITTLEGIRLWHATSTHEMATTERWITHYOURWATCH30WOULDYOULIKETODO是“你想要吗”的意思。LIKE后面可以接名词，词组或动词不定式。提出一种建议或邀请。WOULDYOULIKESOMEFISHWOULDYOULIKETOGOTOTHECINEMAWITHME31WILLYOUPLEASEDOSTH是“你想要做吗”WILLYOUPLEASESAYITMORESLOWLYWILLYOUPLEASENOTOPENTHEWINDOWIFEELCOLD32ITTAKESSBSOMETIMETODOSTH是“做某事花费某人一段时间”之意。可以用于一般现在时，一般过去式和一般将来时态。ITWILLTAKEUSTWOHOURSTOGOOVERALLTHEWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSITTOOKMRWANGHALFANHOURTOCLEANTHEBEDROOM33IDLIKESBTODOSTH是“我希望某人来做某事”之意。IDLIKEMYFRIENDTOHELPMEWITHMYLESSONSHEDLIKEJIMTOTEACHHIMHOWTOUSETHECOMPUTER精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创16/1834THERESSTHWRONGWITH是“某物/人出了问题”，“某物/人有了毛病”之意。THEREISSOMETHINGWRONGTHETVSETSOMETHINGISWRONGWITHTHETVSETTHEREMUSTBESOMETHINGWRONGWITHTHECARITDOESNTMOVE35IDO