2018复习九--状语从句讲解大全.doc

.2018年高考第一轮复习九-状语从句状语从句和名词性从句、定语从句一样是高考的高频考点。通过对近年高考题的分析，可以预测2018年对状语从句的考查仍将集中在对引导几大状语从句的连词的考查上。状语从句是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句，补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。名词性从句专练一、改错题1. Its uncertain that the experiment is worth doing.2. What the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.3. You cant imagine how excited they are when they received these nice Christmas presents.4. That well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.5. What he really means is what he disagrees with us.6. Whom is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.7. When well finish translating the book depend on the time.8. If you come or not is up to you.9. That is what he likes the place so much.10. That is that Lu Xun once lived.11. We thought strange was why Tom did not come yesterday.12. The fact which she had not said anything surprised all of us.13. Who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.14. Jack was soon told why he did was not necessary.15. See to that the child dont catch a cold.16. He, who is playing an important part, which is well-known to us all.17. The boy dived into the water and, after it seemed a long time, he came up again.二、填空题1._ matters most in learning English is enough practice. 2. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.3. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.4. Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please?5. You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. 6. It is none of your business _ other people think about you. Believe yourself. 7. Having checked the doors were closed , and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. 8. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. 9._ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. 10. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of _ you read.11. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is. 12. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are.13. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _ the season.14. The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.15. The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper.16. _ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled 17. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think.九种状语从句及常见的引导词 1、【时间状语从句】：when, while, as, before, after, since（自从以来）, till (until), as soon as(刚一马上就), once(一旦), whenever等。特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant=instantly , immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when(1) while 引导的时间从句的谓语必须是延续性动词，常用进行时态。如果while表示“然而”的时候，就不是时间状语从句；表示“虽然”的时候，是让步状语从句，这是必须放句首且不能倒装。 (2) when 除了表示“当时”（两个短暂性动作同时发生），还可以表示“就在那时”，在前一个动作刚结束时就发生的新动作。如I just locked my door when the postman arrived. (3) as 和when一样，表示两个短暂性动作同时发生，还可表示“一边一边”“随着” (4) 党表示“一就”的连接词时，可以用到no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when，但是当hardly, scarcely, no sooner放于句首时，主句必须部分倒装；主句时态用过去完成时，从句用一般过去式。如：No sooner had he sat down than the bell rang. Hardly had I arrived there when it began to rain. (5) before是高考常考的连接词，表示“在做成某事前，需要多久”，常用过去时和将来时中。(6) notuntil，在强调句中，要用到It is(was) not untilthat；而not until置于句首时，需要部分倒装。 (7) since 常用的句型是：It is (has been) + 时间 since + 过去时从句。表示从过去的某时开始持续到现在的影响。如果主句用过去时，从句则一般使用过去完成时。 (8) 在时间状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，那么从句需要用一般现在时（主将从现）。 (9) whenever引导时间状语从句，如Give us a call whenever you need our service. 虽然此处可以等于no matter when, 意义一致，但no matter when只能引导让步状语从句，意为“不管什么时候”。 (10) 时间状语从句也可用分词来表示。如Thinking of him, she couldnt help weeping. 此时thinking of him= when she thought of him.6As it reported, it is 100 years since_ Tsinghua University was founded2、【地点状语从句】：where和wherever。(1) where引导的状语从句常放谓语动词之后，没有先行词！(有了先行词就是定语从句了，所以状语从句中的where不能和in which等互换) （2）wherever表示“无论什么地方”，既可引导地点状语从句，也可做让步状语从句=no matter where，引导地点状语时，它总是放主句的谓语动词后，做让步状语从句时，它总是放主句前。Where there is a will，there is a way. Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard.what I like most is that you can use English wherever you go in the world. 3、【原因状语从句】： because, as, for, since, now that. (1) 回答why的疑问句，只能用because回答；并且强调句中，对原因状语强调时，只能用because引导，如It was because I got up late that I was late for class. (2) as 语气比because弱 (3) since= now that，表“既然”，表明显的原因或事实，总是位于主句前。Now that具有时间概念，所引导的谓语动词多为现在时态。(4) for引导的从句只能放在主句之后，且常常用逗号隔开。还可表示把结果为原因，倒果为因的用法。如：It is morning now, for the birds are singing再如：It must have rained last night for the ground is wet this morning（两句中for都表结果，倒果为因）特殊引导词：seeing that, in that, considering that, given that。(1) in that是复合连词，表示“在于，在方面”;(2) considering that = seeing that 意为“既然；”“考虑到”，如：considering that I cant afford another test fee, I must pass it this time. (3) 所有引导原因状语的单词，都不能和so连用。（2010辽宁）29.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife. 4、【目的状语从句】： so that（以便）, in order that（以便），lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that等。 (1) lest, in case, for fear that意为“以防万一”，引导的目的状语从句经常要使用虚拟语气；(2) so that从句常放主句后，in order that放在主句前或后都可以。(3) so that 既可做目的状语从句，也可作结果状语从句。关键看是否有情态动词。当从句谓语动词有情态动词时，为目的状语从句，如Just tell me what subject youd like me to talk on so that I could get some notes ready 若从句谓语不用情态动词，而多用过去时，则该句是结果状语从句。如：I took an early bus so that I got there in time We cleaned off the fallen leaves, so that the garden looked tidier （2011山东卷）28He had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a good picture Aeven if Bif only Cin case Dso that5、【结果状语从句】： so that, sothat, suchthat (1) so that 做目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别，上面已经讲到了。(2) so + 形容词(副词) + that.; such + (形容词)+ 名词 +that; (3) 遇到many, much, few, little表数量的形容词时，不管后面有没有名词，前面都要用so。 注意例外：such a little boy (此处little是“小”的意思) (4) sothat或suchthat置于句首时，则要部分倒装。He got up so early that he caught the first bus. Its such a good chance that we must not miss it. Such a cold day was that Sunday that we had to stay at home. So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 6、【条件状语从句】： if, unless, if only, as(so) long as, supposing that, providing that, on condition that, given that都可引导条件状语从句。 (1) unless意为“除非，如果不”=if not (2) if only必须用虚拟语气。 (3) as (so) long as 意为“只要”，没区别，但除非表示“与一样长”的时候，这时so long as则常用于否定句。(4) supposing that = suppose that 表假设 (5) providing that= provided that,意为“如果，只要”。 (6) on condition that表示“以为条件”。(7) given that意为“倘若考虑到”。(8) if条件句有时可以用祈使句或分词来替换，如：Think hard, youll come up with a good idea. Not giving up, you will be able to succeed. (8) 条件状语从句的主句是将来时的时候，从句一般使用一般现在时。（主将从现）（2010上海）39. our manage objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. 7、【方式状语从句】： as, as if/though, the way。(1) as if = as though, 意为“好想，仿佛”，用法相同，从句即可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气(非真实假设)。(2) as 意为“像，犹如，正如”。(3) the way意为“的样子”，相当于“the way (that/ in which)”引导的定语从句。When in Rome, do as the Roman do. She behaved as if she were the boss. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us （2011湖南卷）33 Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever A. as if B. in case C. while D. though8、【比较状语从句】： 这个状语从句和形容词、副词的比较级关系很大，常见的关系词有：asas, not so/as as, than等引导。在这种状语从句中如果谓语动词与主句一致时，或省略，或用替代词do, does, did特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B表示倍数的表示法：(1) A is twice/ three times bigger/ longer.than B; (2) A is twice/ three times as big/ longas B (3) A is twice/ three times the size/ length/ height/ age of B. 请同学们写：我的年龄可是你的两倍哦。(1) (2) (3) 翻译：She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. （2010全国）26. I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now . 9、【让步状语从句】： though, although, even if, even though, despite the fact that, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who/what/which/when/where/how, whether都可以引导让步状语从句。(1) as用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装，常倒装表语，没有表语倒装状语，没有状语，倒装部分谓语。如果表语是名词，倒装时不能加任何冠词，如Teacher as he is, he cant instruct his own child well. 再如：Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. (状语提前) (2) while= although，从句只能用在句首，而且不能倒装。 (3) even if = even though，意为“即使”。如：The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. (4) although引导的让步状语从句常放句首，不能倒装。(5) though 引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可以不倒装，句前句后都可以。(6) despite the fact that= in spite of the fact that意为“不管”。(7) whetheror not意为“无论（是否）”，如：Whether you believe it or not, it is true. (8) however+形容词/副词 = no matter how+形容词/ 副词.意为“无论多么”，如：No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. (9) whever等一系列连词，都可以等于no matter wh-，但是whever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。而no matter wh只能引导让步状语从句，绝不能引导名词性从句。如：No matter what happened, he would not mind.=Whatever happened, he would not mind. 再如：（错）No matter what you say is of no use now. （对）Whatever you say is of no use now. (Whatever you say是主语从句) ； 再看：（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, （对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given. （10）让步状语从句都不能和but连用，但有时可与yet连用。（2011天津卷）5. regular exercise is very important，its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime 状语从句巩固练习一、用正确的连词填空，完成状语从句的意义1. She is such a crazy NMA fan _ she downloads every match from the Internet nonstop.2. _ the weather is like tomorrow, I will set out for Hongkong.3. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice _ they know it to be valuable.4. We had to wait another half an hour _ we had already booked a table.5. In peace the Red Cross is expected to send help _ there is human suffering.6. He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.7. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain _ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.8. He found it difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.9. The old tower must be saved, _ it cost.10. It will take us another five years _ all the roads are repaired.11. You will succeed in the interview _ you have confidence.12. Much _ I admire David as a poet, I dont like him as a man.13. Dont promise anything _ you are one hundred percent sure.14. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.15. The doctor advised me to live _ the air is fresh.16. _had got home than he fell asleep.17. Take a notebook with you _ you want to put down some important information.二、状语从句改错练习1、It wont matter even he refuses.2、Jim imagined that the whole world knew of his achievements, when in fact only a few people had heard of it .3、He realized that his house must have been broken into the minute he got home and saw that everything was in a mess.4、He was looking for the dictionary whenever he thought he might have put it .5、No matter if he is free, he must go to the library.6、I have not missed a play or a concert when I was seventeen years old.7、Next time that I plan to travel in London, Im going to take a plane.8、Im not going to talk on the point any further, though it is neither important nor very interesting.9、Much since I like all the books, I cant afford to buy them.10、Al