中考英语考点解析1-听力.doc

听力一、命题趋势中考听力试题要求考生能听懂读速适中、句子结构不太复杂的语言材料。其中有单句、对话和短文。要求考生能掌握对话或独白的中心意思及重要细节进而做出分析、推理和判断。听力试题所选材料贴近学生、贴近社会、贴近现实生活。做好听力试题所具备的技能有：反映能力、识别能力、记忆能力、理解能力、判断推理能力、猜词能力、背景知识等。其中，识别能力包括对重音、连读、失去爆破、同化、吞音等现象的辨认；记忆能力主要指准确记忆对话所提及的细节如数据、时间、地点、人物等；理解能力指对所听材料主旨大意的归纳与概括；判断推理能力指对材料没有直接表述的信息进行迅速推断得出结论；猜词能力指对听力材料中的关键词进行猜测。另外，背景知识主要包括文化、习俗等。目前，河北卷听力测试分两节，第一节包含四个大题，均为选择题；第二节为填空题，处在第二卷上。第一节的主要形式有：I. 听句子，选出句子中所包含的信息；II. 听句子，选出该句的最佳答语；III. 听对话和问题，选择适当的选项；IV. 听对话、短文和问题，选择正确答案。两节共计30分。二、解题技巧1. 听前掠读，踏好节奏考生在做听力试题前或在听的过程中，一定要充分利用一切可利用的时间阅读下面的试题，应将几个试题的题干和选项一并掠读一下。先根据几个选项的设置，初步猜测一下所听材料的题材和大致的内容，不能等听完整段材料或在听的过程中才去扫视试题。带着问题听录音的好处在于：当我们不能百分之百听懂所述内容时，如果有备而来，就能集中精力获取至关重要的信息。2. 带题聆听，简要笔记河北卷的前两个大题不印在试卷上，从第三大题开始，试卷上就有各题的问题和选项。我们一定要带着问题听材料。在听的过程中还应利用箭头、标记、缩写等自己平时所用的自己看得懂的简要符号，记录一些对解题有用的重要数据、信息等。这样做的目的是为了应对那些询问年龄、年月、地点、方位、顺序、价格、钟点等试题。其中，有的试题需要简单计算。典例1（2007北京卷12）How much is the jacket?A. 24 dollars.B. 76 dollars.C. 100 dollars.听力原文的后半段：Man: May I try on a blue one?Shop assistant: Of course.Man: Oh, it looks nice on me. Ill take it. How much is it?Shop assistant: 76 dollars.Man: OK. Heres one hundred.Shop assistant: Thank you. Your change, please我们有必要随手记录一下这两个数字：$76和$100。尤其是当问题设定为“售货员应该找给顾客多少钱？”时，我们还需要简单计算一下：1007624。答案B典例2(2004河北卷21)How many people are there in this big family?A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10听力原文：W: Okay, everybody. Please listen. Bob wants to talk to us today about his family. Go ahead, Bob.M: Hello. This is my family. This is Mary. Shes my grandmother. Shes very sweet. Peter is my grandfather. They have two sons, Ron and Simon, and a daughter, Helen. Ron is my father, Simon is my uncle and Helen is my aunt. I love them all. Therere lots of fun. This is my mother, Jane. Shes great. W: And who is this pretty girl?M: Oh, thats my sister Susan. She always gets me into trouble.W: And this handsome boy?M: Thats me, of course. 这篇听力材料难度虽然不大，句子较简短，但人物多而复杂，对于初中生来说要选对并不容易。考生平时应该养成简要记录的习惯。做本题时，我们要把重点放在其中的人物上：当听到Mary时，我们可以随手写个字母M；之后陆续记下P(peter), R(Ron), S(Simon), H(Helen), M(mother), S(sister/Susan), M(me/boy/Bob)。答案B3. 字里行间，确认暗示 典例3（2007北京卷2）ABC听力原文：It can take hundreds of passengers and travel very fast in the air. Before it flies, it has to run a long way on the ground.飞机、热气球、鸟甚至蝴蝶和风筝等都可以在空中飞。仅听材料的前半截我们无法断定这里所描绘的为何物。我们只有耐心地听完材料，尤其是末尾的“run a long way on the ground”对答案的最终确定起着至关重要的制约作用。我们要学会整合和过滤录音材料中繁杂的信息，要从材料的字里行间寻找线索或暗示。4. 抓住关键，把握主题无论我们听什么题型的录音材料，听懂其中的每一个词，只要抓住了其中的关键信息即可领悟大意，提取其核心内容，把握材料的中心意思，完成选择正确答案的目的。例如：典例4（2007北京卷1）听力原文：Its a part of our body. Each person has got two of them. They are in our faces. People see the world with them. 当我们听到face时，就可以排除A；当我们听到see时，答案自然就出来了。答案C典例5（2004河北卷6）A. Its cool today. B. She feels cold.C. Shes nicely dressed. D. Shes wearing too much. 听力原文：No. 6: Janet, you look cool in that new skirt.考生只要抓住了材料中的关键词cool（酷；漂亮）和skirt（裙子）就可以排除其他选项。答案C5. 白捡分数，何乐不为中考当然很严肃，试题理应严谨、严密、公平、难度适中、区分度较好、题型相对稳定、具有很高的信度与效度。然而命题人有时也会出现考虑不周的情况。 典例6（2007河北卷20）What can they do in the video reading room? A. They can listen to tapes. B. They can borrow some books. C. They can search the Internet.这道题根本不用听录音稿就可以直接得分。因为题干问的是“他们在视频阅览室能够干什么？”答案当然不是听磁带和借阅图书，而是上网搜索、冲浪。答案C6.当断则断，主动出击考生在听力测试中应始终充满信心，高度集中精力。由于没有太多时间考虑，所以敏捷的思维、快速的反映能力以及适当的解题技巧都是必不可少的。考生决不能忧柔寡断、举棋不定，这样会影响下面试题的应答质量。典例7（2007北京卷14）What kind of book can be taken out of the library?A. A dictionary.B. A novel.C. A magazine.听力原文材料较长，共有189词。但是问题只设了两个，我们无论是听明白了还是没有听明白，都不要着急，联想一下现世生活中的实际情况，我们就应该毫不犹豫地选择C而进入下一个环节。答案C三、应试对策中考听力测试一般都是围绕日常的话题所设置，考查内容较为简单，除坚持日常的训练外，还应该熟悉以下功能项目中常见的交际句型：（一）Greeting and asking about people问候及打听情况1. 问候、寒暄Hi! Hello!Good morning/afternoon/evening.How do you do?How are you?How is everything?Glad/Nice/Pleased to meet you.2. 回答Im OK.Fine, thanks, and you?Very well, thank you.Just so-so.All right.Not too bad.Im not feeling myself today.3寒暄Best wishes/regards to Please give my regards/love/best wishes to your parents.Please remember me to your parents.4告别Im afraid I must be leaving now.I think its time for us to leave.Glad/Nice meeting you.Glad/Nice to have met you.See you later. See you tomorrow. See you.Good night. Good-bye! Bye-bye! Bye!（二）Asking for/Offering help and give thanks请求帮助、提供帮助和答谢1. 请求帮助Can you help me?Can I have your help?Would you please do me a favor?Can you give me a hand?2提供帮助Would you like me to help you?Shall I help you?What can I do for you?Let me take your bag, will you/may I?Is there anything else I can do for you?3应答Yes, please. Yes, thanks.No, thanks./Thank you.No, thank you. Let me manage.No, thank you all the same.Thanks a lot.That would be nice/fine.Thank you for your help.I appreciate your help.Thats/Its very nice/kind of you.4回应感谢Youre welcome.Dont mention it.Its/Thats OK/all right.Its nothing.Not at all.Im glad I could.My pleasure./ Its a pleasure. / A pleasure.Anytime.5请求Do/Would you mind my opening the door?若同意，用下列句型回答：No, thats all right.Oh, no, please.No, go ahead, please.Certainly not./Of course not.若不同意，用下列句型：Im sorry.Yes, I do mind.Oh, please dont.Better not, please.（三）Asking and showing directions问路和指路1问路Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the post office?Excuse me. Where is the mens room?How can I get to the railway station?Is this the way to the cinema?2指路Go down this street.Turn left at the second crossing.Its about 300 metres away.Go straight ahead and till you see a monument. （四）Personal information个人情况简介1介绍自己My name is Tom Smith.Im from Canada. Im studying Chinese in Beijing University.I come from France.2. 询问对方Whats your name? May I ask your name? What name shall I say? Where do you live?Whats your nationality?What do you do?=Whats your job?Are you a teacher?3介绍他人This is Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Wang/Green.May I introduce my friend to you?Let me introduce my classmate.Id like you to meet my friend, Tom.（五）Asking time and date问时间或日期1询问Excuse me. What day of the week is it today?Excuse me. What day is it today?Excuse me. Whats the date today?Excuse me. Whats the time?Excuse me. What time is it by your watch?2回答Its Sunday.Its July, 1st.Its ten (oclock).Its five past ten.Its ten to five. Its a half past eleven.Its a quarter to twelve.（六）Useful expressions at a restaurant饭店用语1点菜和饮料Id like a cup of coffee.Do you have dry white wine?Have you got chicken?A bowl of tomato noodles would be fine.Id like your special salad.Same again, please.2服务生用语Are you ready to order?May I take your order now?What would you like?May I bring you a salad?3劝食Help yourself to some fish.Would you like any thing to drink?Would you like some more beef?Thank you. Ive had enough.Just a little, please.Im full. Thank you. （七）Seeing a doctor就医1医生用语Whats the matter?What seems to be wrong with you?Whats your trouble?Do you have a fever?Have you taken your temperature?Let me take your temperature.How long have you felt like this?Open your mouth, say “Ah”.Take a deep breath. Now let it out.Its nothing serious.Take this medicine three times a day.Youd better stay in bed for another two days.Give up smoking and take more exercise.Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.2患者用语I feel terrible/bad/awful.I dont feel well.Ive got a pain here.I couldnt fall asleep the whole night.It terribly hurts here.I have a high fever.Is it serious, doctor?I have a running nose.I have a headache/toothache/stomachache.I feel sick today.I ache all over.（八）Shopping购物1售货员用语Can I/we help you?What can I/we do for you?How much/many would you like?What about this one?What color/size/kind would you like?Anything else?Heres your change.2顾客用语May I try it on?Its too big.Its too bright on me.Sorry, its too expensive.How much is it?Whats the price of it?Just have a look.Show me a smaller one, please.Thats fine. Ill take it.（九）At the library借阅图书How long can I keep it?I want to borrow a book on the Long March.If you cant finish reading it on time, you must come and renew it.You mustnt make marks in the book.The magazines cant be taken out.（十）Feelings情感1表示兴奋、激动Really? You dont say!Oh dear!Is that so?What a surprise!How nice to see you!How surprising!Is this what you expected?Its exciting!You cant believe it.Its unbelievable!2表示安慰Dont worry.Take it easy.Its all right.Itll be OK. Itll be all right.Everything will be fine.It doesnt matter.Everyone makes mistakes.Think nothing about it.Dont be excited!3表示鼓励、祝贺或祝福及回应Come on! You can do it.Have a nice trip! Congratulations! Happy birthday!Thank you./Thanks./Thank you very much./Thanks a lot.Happy New Year! Merry Christmas! The same to you./Same to you. /You, too.Good luck! I wish you a good luck/success!Have a good trip!4表示道歉、遗憾Sorry/Pardon. I beg your pardon.Im sorry Im late.Im sorry for being late.Im really sorry.Im sorry to hear that.Please forgive me.What a pity!Its a pity that he hasnt come.5表示赞同或不赞同Thats/Its a good idea.I agree (with you).Thats for sure.Sure. Certainly. Of course.Thats right.Yes, I think so.No way!I dont think so.Certainly not. Of course not. I