翻译练习.doc

1. 如果一定要找一个能够代表中国的东西，龙（loong）可能会最先出现在你的脑海里。龙这种神秘的生物深深植根于中国文化中，我们中国人经常称自己为“龙的传人”，父母们也都“望子成龙”。在古代，龙还是皇权的象征，皇帝们都认为自己是真龙天子。古人还把龙当作主管降雨的神，它决定下雨的时间和地点。我们中国人认为龙会带来富贵和好运。If we must find a thing to symbolize China, loong will probably pop into your mind first. Loong, the mythical creature, is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. We Chinese often consider ourselves “the descendants of Loong.” And all the parents hope that their children “may become loongs (hope ones children will have a bright future)”. In ancient times, loong is a symbol of imperial power. All the emperors thought they were “real loongs and the sons of the heaven”. Our forefathers looked upon loong as the god to govern rainfall, and they decide where and when the rain falls. We Chinese believe loong can bring wealth, rank and fortune.2春节是中国最重要，也是最热闹的古老节日之一。春节象征着团结、兴旺以及对未来寄予新的希望。句记载，中国人过春节已有四千多年的历史。中国是个多民族的国家，各民族（nationality）过春节的形式各有不同，但是无论在中国的哪个地方，人们都会在春节期间全家团圆，吃年糕(New Year cake)、饺子以及各种丰盛的饭菜。人们张灯结彩，燃放鞭炮，并互相祝福。In China, the Spring Festival is one of the most significant and ancient festivals. It symbolizes unity, prosperity and new hopes for the future. It is recorded that the custom of celebrating the Spring Festival has lasted for more than 4, 000 years. As a multi-ethnic country, different nationalities in China have various ways of celebrating the Spring Festival. However, wherever in China, people will have a family reunion during the festival, eating New Year cakes, dumplings and various hearty meals, decorating the houses with lanterns and festoons, setting off firecrackers and blessing each other.3. 压岁钱(lucky money)是中国春节习俗中不可缺少的一项元素，是每个孩子过年时都热切期盼的礼物。除夕夜，家中的长辈会给予未成年的孩子一定数额的钱，称之为“压岁钱”，据说压岁钱可以使孩子平平安安地度过新的一年。在中国，给压岁钱的风俗源远流长，流传至今。它是长辈送给孩子的护身符(amulet)，代表着长辈对孩子的美好祝福，可以保佑孩子在新的一年里健康吉利。As an indispensable element of the Spring Festival customs in China, lucky money is a gift that every kid eagerly looks forward to during the Spring Festival. On Chinese New Years Eve, the underage kids can receive a certain sum of cash from the elders in their family, which is called “lucky money”. It is believed that lucky money can bless the kids to have a safe and peaceful new year. The custom of giving lucky money has a long history and spreads up to now in China. It is an amulet the elders give their kids, representing the elders fine wishes for the kids and blessing them with health and good fortune in the New Year.4. 对联(Chinese couplet)也叫“对子”，由两句形式相通、内容相连的语句组成。第一部分称作“上联”，贴在右侧，第二部分，即“下联”则贴在左侧。两行字不仅字数要一致，而且相同位置上的字必须对仗工整(antithetic in form)，平仄协调(harmonious in tone)。按用途不同，对联可以分为很多种，在新年贴的对联也叫“春联”，表达了人们美好祝福与愿望，也为新年增添了节日气氛。The Chinese couplet is also called “Duizi”. It consists of two sentences which are identical in form and interrelated in meaning. The first line is called “upper couplet”, which is put up or hung on the right side, and the other is called “lower couplet” which is placed on the left side. Not only are the two lines required to have an equal number of characters, the words stand in the same position in each of the two sentences must be antithetic in form and harmonious in tone. For different purposes, there are different couplets. The couplet for the Spring Festival is called “Chunlian”, which conveys the blessing and good wishes of the people and enhances the festive atmosphere of the New Year, too.5. 灯谜(lantern riddles)是指写在彩灯上面的谜语。灯谜一般有三部分组成，即谜面、谜目(hint)和谜底。在灯谜中凡是谜面上有的字，在谜底中不能再出现。灯谜里充满着智慧，因此猜谜底显得很有趣，这也使得猜灯谜成为元宵节的一项不可缺少的活动。灯谜在中国源远流长，可以毫不夸张地说，灯谜体现着中国人民无穷的智慧。Lantern riddles are riddles that are written on the lanterns. Generally, a lantern riddle consists of three parts, namely the riddle, the hint and the answer. Any character that appears in the riddle cannot be in the answer again. Lantern riddles are full of wisdom, thus working out them can be much fun, which makes guessing riddles an essential part of the activities in the Lantern Festival. The lantern riddle has a long history in China, and it is no exaggeration to say that it is a reflection of infinite wisdom of the Chinese people.6. 清明是我国二十四节气(the twenty-four solar terms)之一，一般是在每年的4月4日至6日前后。人们庆祝清明节大约始于东周时代，距今已有两千五百多年的历史。清明过后，气温逐渐上升，雨水也增多，表明了这是农民开始安排农耕活动的关键时期。同时，清明也是郊游的大好时节，人们去户外踏青，并开展一系列消遣和体育活动。更重要的是，清明时节也是一个纪念祖先和已故亲人的日子。Qingming is one of the twenty-four solar terms in China, typically falling on April 4-6 each year. The celebration for the Qingming Festival can be traced back to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, with a history of over 2,500 years. After Qingming time, the temperature begins to rise up and rainfall increases, indicating that it is the crucial time for the farmers to arrange their farming activities accordingly. Meanwhile, it is the high time for spring outing, when people go out for fresh air, kinds of recreations and sports activities. More importantly, Qingming is also a period to honour and to pay respect to ones deceased ancestors and family members.7. 端午节端午节(Dragon Boat Festival)是中国的传统节日之一，为每年农历五月初五。它与春节、清明节和中秋节并成为中国汉族的四大传统节日。端午节的来源有多种说法，但最被人们接受的是为了纪念著名爱国诗人屈原。这一天的习俗有吃粽子、赛龙舟、喝雄黄酒(realgar wine)等。从2008年期，端午节正式列入国家法定继而，这既有助于弘扬传统文化，又能适应人们的需要。Dragon Boat Festival is one of Chinese traditional festivals. Its on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. It is known as one of the four major traditional festivals of Han Chinese together with the Spring Festival, the Qingming Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. A number of theories exist about its origins, but the best accepted one is that its for memorizing the famous patriotic poet Qu Yuan. On this day, people have the customs of eating zongzi (rice dumpling), racing dragon boats and drinking realgar wine, etc. In 2008, it was recognized as a public holiday in mainland China for the first time which cannot only help spread this traditional culture but also meet the need of people.8. 中秋节每年的农历八月十五为中秋节，是月亮在一年中最圆、最亮的一天。中秋节的历史非常悠久。自古以来，历代皇帝都遵循着春季祭日、秋季祭月的传统。到唐代，中秋节开始作为固定节日；宋朝时，这一节日更为盛行。到明清，中秋节已成为一个与春节、清明节和端午节并列的重大节日。在中秋节这天，人们会在月下观赏祭拜，寄托个人情怀。The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, when the moon is the fullest and brightest of the whole year. This festival has a very long history. In ancient China, emperors followed the tradition of offering sacrifices to the sun in spring and to the moon in autumn. By the Tang Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival had been fixed as a holiday, which became even grander in the Song Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it grew to be a major festival of China together with the Spring Festival, the Qingming Festival and Dragon Boat Festival. On this day, people enjoy the full, bright moon, worship it and express their thoughts and feelings in the moonlight.9. 中国人和红色中国人很喜欢红色，甚至称自己为“赤子”。红色在中国象征着权力和喜庆。很多朝代的官服是红色的；在清代，官帽上深浅不同的红色代表了不同的官位。公文的标题通常也用红色，这就是它们被称为“红头文件 (red-head documents) ”的原因。另外，用于婚礼的双喜字是红色的。春节期间，老人们也会给孩子们发红包，当作新年的礼物盒祝福。Chinese and the Color of RedWe Chinese like the color of red, and even we call ourselves as Chizi, which means a patriot. In China, red represents the power and happiness. Official robes of many dynasties were red. In the Qing Dynasty, different shades of red on the official cabs showed different rankings. Headlines of official documents are often printed in red. For that reason, its called “red-head documents”. In addition, the Chinese character signifying double happiness used for weddings is red. During the Spring Festival, elder people will give Hongbao (money in a red envelope) to the children as gifts and wishes for the new year. 10. 儒家思想儒家思想(Confucianism)是中国影响最大的思想流派。也是中国古代的主流意识。自汉代以来，儒家思想就是封建统治阶级(feudal ruling class)的指导思想之一。儒家思想的核心其实是一种人道主义(humanism)。它提倡自我修养，认为人是可教化的、可完善的。儒家思想的一个宏大目标就是实现“大同社会”，在这样的一个社会中，每个人都能扮演好自己的角色，并与他人维持良好的关系。Confucianism is the largest Chinese school of thoughts, and the mainstream consciousness of the ancient China. Confucianism had been one of the ruling doctrines of the feudal ruling class since the Han Dynasty. The core of Confucianism is actually a kind of humanism. It advocates self-cultivation, and believes that human beings are teachable and improvable. A grand goal of Confucianism is to achieve a harmonious society in which each individual plays his or her part well, and maintains a good relationship with others.1.如果一定要找一个能够代表中国的东西，龙（loong）可能会最先出现在你的脑海里。龙这种神秘的生物深深植根于中国文化中，我们中国人经常称自己为“龙的传人”，父母们也都“望子成龙”。在古代，龙还是皇权的象征，皇帝们都认为自己是真龙天子。古人还把龙当作主管降雨的神，它决定下雨的时间和地点。我们中国人认为龙会带来富贵和好运If we must find a thing to symbolize China,loong may strike your mind firstly.Loong the mythical creature is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. We Chinese usually regard ourselves as the descendents of Loong,parents also want their children to become loong.In the ancient time,loong is the symbol of emperial power ,too.Emperors all consider themselves as True Loong.The ancient people also treat it as the heaven that takes charge of raining,deciding when and where there will be a rain.We Chinese hold the view that fortune and luck will come after loongs.2春节是中国最重要，也是最热闹的古老节日之一。春节象征着团结、兴旺以及对未来寄予新的希望。句记载，中国人过春节已有四千多年的历史。中国是个多民族的国家，各民族（nationality）过春节的形式各有不同，但是无论在中国的哪个地方，人们都会在春节期间全家团圆，吃年糕(New Year cake)、饺子以及各种丰盛的饭菜。人们张灯结彩，燃放鞭炮，并互相祝福。The Spring Festival is the most important and the most prospersous old festivals.Spring Festival symbolize cooperation、prosperity and new expections people have for future.It is recorded that it is more than four thousands years that Chinese has celerbrated Spring Festival.China is a country of various nationalities ,and the celebrating method of Spring Festival varies in them.But families will get together and eat New Year Cake 、dumplings and many other feasts during this festival wherever in China. 3. 压岁钱(lucky money)是中国春节习俗中不可缺少的一项元素，是每个孩子过年时都热切期盼的礼物。除夕夜，家中的长辈会给予未成年的孩子一定数额的钱，称之为“压岁钱”，据说压岁钱可以使孩子平平安安地度过新的一年。在中国，给压岁钱的风俗源远流长，流传至今。它是长辈送给孩子的护身符(amulet)，代表着长辈对孩子的美好祝福，可以保佑孩子在新的一年里健康吉利。Lucky money as a neccessory factor in Chinese Spring Festival traditions is the present every child keenly expect for during the festival.At the Night before New Year,the seniors will give teenegers an amount of money ,as so called lucky money.Its said that lucky money will assure a peaceful new year for chidren.In China,giving lucky money has a long history and pass on today.Its the amulet that seniors give to chidren,symbolizing the good wishes for them,4. 对联(Chinese couplet)也叫“对子”，由两句形式相通、内容相连的语句组成。第一部分称作“上联”，贴在右侧，第二部分，即“下联”则贴在左侧。两行字不仅字数要一致，而且相同位置上的字必须对仗工整(antithetic in form)，平仄协调(harmonious in