英语五种基本句型列式.doc

英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： S V （主谓） 基本句型二： S V P （主谓表） 基本句型三： S V O （主谓宾） 基本句型四： S V o O （主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： S V O C （主谓宾宾补） 基本句型 一 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S V （不及物动词） 1. The sun was shining. 2. The moon rose. 3. The universe remains. 4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who cares? 6. What he said does not matter. 7. They talked for half an hour. 8. The pen writes smoothly 1. 太阳在照耀着。 2. 月亮升起了。 3. 宇宙长存。 4. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. 管它呢？ 6. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型 二 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 S V（是系动词） P 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. The troubleis that they are short of money. 7. Our well has gone dry. 8. His face turned red. 1. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. 午餐的气味很好。 3. 他堕入了情网。 4. 一切看来都不同了。 5. 他长得又高又壮。 6. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. 我们的井干枯了。 8. 他的脸红了。 基本句型 三 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 S V（及物动词） O 1. Who knows the answer? 2. She smiled her thanks. 3. He has refused to help them. 4. He enjoys reading. 5. They ate what was left over. 6. He said Good morning. 7. I want to have a cup of tea. 8. He admits that he was mistaken. 1. 谁知道答案？ 2. 她微笑表示感谢。 3. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。 4. 他喜欢看书。 5. 他们吃了剩饭。 6. 他说：“早上好！” 7. 我想喝杯茶。 8. 他承认犯了错误。 基本句型 四 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 S V（及物） o（多指人） O（多指物） 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. He denies her nothing. 5. I showed him my pictures. 6. I gave my car a wash. 7. I told him that the bus was late. 8. He showed me how to run the machine. 1. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 2. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。 3. 他给你带来了一本字典。 4. 他对她什么都不拒绝。 5. 我给他看我的照片。 6. 我洗了我的汽车。 7. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 8. 他教我开机器。 基本句型 五 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还 不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 S V（及物） O（宾语） C（宾补） 1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 3. This set them thinking. 4. They found the house deserted. 5. What makes him think so? 6. We saw him out. 7. He asked me to come back soon. 8. I saw them getting on the bus. 1. 他们任命他当经理。 2. 他们把门漆成绿色。 3. 这使得他们要细想一想。 4. 他们发现那房子无人居住。 5. 他怎么会这样想？ 6. 我们送他出去。 7. 他要我早点回来。 8. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。 但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的 成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而 加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是 各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句 型五为例： We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen- ing to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen- ing to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关 东欧局势的重要报告。 不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类 型。以 get 为例： Hes getting angry. (S V C) He got through the window. (S V M) Youll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) He got himself into trouble. (S V O M) He got her a splendid present. (S V 0 O) 在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。（S V O M） I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C） I have to do something. 我得做点事。 中考阅读理解真题73-90阅读理解（73）2002年北京市海淀区中考英语试题（A）It was half past eight in the morning . The telephone bell rang and Mary went to answer it . “Hello , whos that ? ”she asked . “Its me Peter . ”Peter was a friend of Marys brother , Johnny . “Oh , hello , Peter . What do you want ? ”said Mary . “Can I speak to Johnny ? ”“No , ”said Mary , “you cant speak to him now . He is busy . He is getting ready for school. He is eating his breakfast . Grandmother is combing his hair . Sister is under the table , putting his shoes on . Mother is getting his books and putting them in his schoolbag . Goodbye . Ive got to go now . I have to hold the door open . The school bus is coming . ”What do you think of the story ? Are you sometimes like Johnny ? If so , you need to change your habits . 41. It was _ in the morning when the telephone bell rang . A. 7:00 B. 7:30 C. 8:30 D. 9:0042. Peter was Johnnys _. A. father B. friend C. uncle D. teacher 43. What was Johnny doing at the moment ? He was _. A. eating his breakfast B. answering the telephone C. putting on his shoes D. holding the door open 44. How many people can you find in the story ? A. Two. B. Four . C. Six . D. Eight . 阅读理解（74）Today people can use the phone to talk with others almost anywhere on the earth . But when you use the phone , you dont see the person you are talking with . That may change in the near future . Today some people are using a kind of telephone called the picture phone or vision phone . With it , two people who are talking can see each other . Picture phones can be useful when you have something to show the person youre calling . They may have other uses in the future . One day you may be able to ring up a library and ask to see a book. Then youll be able to read the book right over your picture phone . Or you may be able to go shopping through your picture phone . If you see something in the newspaper that you think you want to buy , youll go to your phone and call the shop . People at the shop will show you the thing youre interested in right over the phone . Youll be able to shop all over town and never even leave your room ! 45. Today people can use the phone to talk with others _. A. in all the towns B. in some places in the world C. only in big cities D. almost anywhere on the earth 46. The word “it ”in the text means _. A. the picture phone B. any phone C. the use D. the change47. We can _ through the picture phone according to （根据）the text . A. write a book B. do shopping C. play games D. have classes 阅读理解（75）“Its over ! Thank goodness ! ”School was over and I was tired . I sat at the front of the school bus . Janie , the driver , tries to break the uncomfortable atmosphere （气氛）by striking the match of talks . I try to listen politely , but usually I am too busy thinking about my day . On this day , however , her talk was worth （值得）listening to . “My fathers ill , ”she said to no one in particular （特别地）. I could see worry in her eyes . I had never seen her like this before . She always meets students with a smile . With a sudden change of interest , I asked , “Whats wrong with him ? ”With her eyes wet and her voice unusual , she answered , “Heart trouble . ”Her eyes lowered as she continued . “Ive already lost my mum , so I dont think I can stand losing him . ”I couldnt answer . My heart ached for her . I sat on the seat thinking of the great pain （痛苦）my own mother was thrown into when her father died . I saw how hard it was , and still is , for her . I wouldnt want anyone to go through that . Suddenly I realized （意识到）Janie wasnt only a bus driver , that was just her job . She had a whole world of family and cares too. I suddenly felt very selfish . I paid no attention to Janie because she was a bus driver . I had judged her by her job and brushed her off as unimportant . I shouldnt have been so selfish and self-centered . Understanding people is an art . 48. When the students get on the school bus , Janie usually _. A. listens to music B. talks about her own worry C. sits on her seat without words D. meets them with a smile 49. After she learned Janies story , the writer thought of _. A. her fathers death B. her mothers pain C. the ache of her own heart D. the pain of Janies parents 50. Why did the writer feel selfish ? Because _. A. she had never had Janie as anything except a driver B. she had made only a few friends in the school C. she had hardly thought of herself D. she had never listened to others 51. In this passage the writer tries to tell us that _. A. losing parents makes people sad and helpless B. understanding the people around us takes time C. we should try to look deeper into the people around us D. its not right to judge the people around us by their clothes 阅读理解（76） （D）One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is , you can take something positive out of it . The one time I wasnt sure of that was on September 11. I usually wake up at 6:30 or 7:00 in the morning . That day , I happened to wake up earlier . I turned on the TV and I saw that a plane had crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center . My first reaction was that it was a terrible accident . Then I saw another plane fly into the South Tower and I realized that I was witnessing an act of terrorism. My wife and I spent the day watching the terrible pictures over and over again . When I watched family members looking for their loved ones , the pain in their eyes was something I would never forget . I couldnt understand how something this terrible could have happened . It wasnt until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps some good did come from this tragedy . People seem different now , more understanding , more tolerant . Little things that seemed to be such a trouble before are no longer big things . Personally , I am more tolerant than I was . I realize life is too short , and too precious , to let myself get worried over small things . Ive learned also that you cant take things for granted . Things change in the blink of an eye . People go to work and dont come back . One moment theyre living and the next minute theyre not . And , it doesnt matter who you are , there is nothing you can do about it . We never know when our time here will be over , so we all need to make the most of every minute we have . You try to learn from what happened . You cant be used up by it . You cant live by it . All you can do is just live . 注：crash 撞击 reaction 反应 witness 目击 tragedy 悲剧tolerant 宽容的 precious 珍贵的 take for granted 认为是当然的52. The word “positive ”in the passage probably means _. A. terrible B. bad C. good D. real53. What did the writer see after he turned on the TV that morning ? A. A fire starting . B. A plane flying . C. A terrible accident . D. An act of terrorism . 54. From September 11 , the writer has realized that _. A. people should make the most of every minute they have B. he has become less tolerant towards others C. he should get worried about little things D. life is too short to care about others 55. Whats the best title （题目）of this passage ? A. A Report about September 11B. The Tragedy of September 11C. September 11 and My Family D. September 11 and My Turn 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D46. A 47. B 48. D 49. B 50. A51. C 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. D阅读理解（77） 2002年武汉市四月重点中学联考英语试题 A In order to learn to be ones true self, it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge of what has been said and done in the world; critically to inquire into it; carefully to consider it; clearly to analyze it; and earnestly to carry it out. It matters not what you learn, but when you once learn a thing, you must never give it up until you have mastered it. It matters not what you inquire into, but when you once inquire into a thing, you must never give it up until you have thoroughly understood it. It matters not what you try to think of, but when you once try to think of a thing, you must never give it up until you have got what you want. It matters not what you try to carry out, but when you once try to carry out a thing, you must never give it up until you have done it thoroughly and well. If another man succeeds by one effort, you will use a hundred efforts. If another man succeeds by ten efforts, you will use a thousand.56. According to the author, first of all one must_. A. analyze B. inquire C. obtain D. act57. When you try to do something, what matters is _. A. not to care too much about it B. to act immediately C. to think carefully before you do it D. to carry it through to the end58. According to the author, anther mans success should _.A.encourage us to make greater efforts B. not be taken into considerationC. make us nervous D. cause one to stop trying59. the author implies but does not say that_.A.the way to knowledge is through specializationB.one has to know everything to be successfulC.success depends not so much on natural ability as it does on effortD. success in ones profession is least important in ones life阅读理解（78）Bl A deposit (定金) of half the total cost of stay secures the booking. Balance payable on arrival in cash and traveler cheques. In addition an agreement of between 50 and 200 is required according to length of stay and is returned against keys on departure.l Apartments are available from 16:00 on arrival and must be vacated by 10:00 on departure. They should be kept clean at all times. A charge of $30 will be made on departure if extra cleaning is necessary. Breakages and damage are charged at cost.l Gas and electricity are metered, personal and kitchen towels are not provided.l No responsibility is accepted for loss, damage or injury to visitors or their possessions.60. If you want to live in the apartment, you have to pay _ when you arrive. A. half of the total cost B. the total costC. between50 and 200 D. in cash61. You dont have to pay an extra charge if _. A. your apartment is not clean B. you break something C. your keys are not returned D. you leave the apartment at 9 oclock in the morning62.Which of the following is true? A. You dons need to pay for the gas B. you can get free towels C. If you are injured you can be sent to the hospital free of charge D. If you return the key when you leave, you can have some of your money back阅读理解（79）C Some of the best-known names in the entertainment industry have taken part in an unprecedented telethon to help victims of the terrorist attacks in the United States. The benefit(义演),called “America: a Tribute to Heroes,” was sponsored by all four major U.S television networks, ABC,CBS, FOIX and NBC. It was broadcast by three-dozen television, cable and radio networks across the country and aired live to more than a hundred countries around the world. Hollywood stars joined music entertainers in asking listeners and viewers to pledge cash donations to charities helping the victims of the September 11th attacks. Actors, including tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, tom Cruise and Clint Eastwood, told stories of heroic acts by people who tried to save others from the burning World trade Center and the Pentagon. Former heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali made a rare public appearance in show of support. The appeals alternated with performances by such popular entertainers a Bruce Springsteen, Mariah Carey, Steve Wonder, Paul Simon and the rock band U2. They appeared on stages in New York, Los Angeles and London, decorated with hundreds of burning candles. Singer Billy Joel sang “ New York State of Mind” with a New York City firefighters hat on his piano. Sting dedicated his song “ Gragile” to a friend who died in the World Trade Center. Stevie Wonder condemned hatred in the name of religion before singing his song “ Loves in Need of Love today”. Pledge phones were manned by dozens of other celebrities, including Jack Nicholson, Meg Ryan, Whoopic Goldberg, Cindy Crawford, Al Pacino and Sylvester Stallone. Organizers say the two-hour telethon raised millions of dollars. All participants, from stars to stagehands, worked without pay.63. Those who appeared on stages were _.A.some best-known names in the USA B.some famous singer, film stars and other music entertainersC.People who tried to save others from the burning World trade Center and the Pentagon.D.Former heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali and Hollywood stars64. The underlined word “ telethon” most probably means _.A.a performance to raise money B.a concert held by some television networksC.a television program which lasts a long timeD.a television program for entertainment65. Which of the following statements is True?A.Four major U.S. television networks broadcast the benefitB.The former heavy weight champion Muhammad Ali sang a song to show his supportC.Billy Joel, wearing a firefighters hat, played the piano for the listeners and viewersD.The organizers, stars and people who worked for the benefit didnt get any money for themselves.66. The best title for the news report is _.A.U.S