组织学与胚胎学绪论中英.ppt

Histology Introduction YuXiangmin 于向民 DepartmentofHistologyandEmbryology Definition Ascience studynormalmicro structure 微细结构 itsrelatedfunctionofhumanbody 4structurallevels Cell thesmalleststructural functionalunit Tissue 组织 groupsofcells similarinmorphologyorrelatedinfunction intercellularmaterials4typesoffundamentaltissueepithelium上皮组织connectivetissue结缔组织musculartissue肌组织nervoustissue神经组织 Organs 器官organizationsofvariouskindsoftissuesinparticularways performaspecificfunction System 系统formedbyseveralfunction relatedorganswhichtogetherperformacontinuousphysiologicalfunction Forexample digestivesystem Whydowestudyhistology Tocompletetheknowledgeofhumanbody sstructures fromgrosstomicroscopicBeabletounderstandhowthedifferenttissuesfunction thebasisofphysiologyCanfindthediseasesonlyafterthenormalisknown thebasisofpathologyItisalsoafoundationofclinicsciences foragooddoctorneededinfuture Investigativemethodsofhistology I Lightmicroscopy l 1 TissuepreparationA paraffinsectionpreparation石蜡切片术Specimen取材 asfreshaspossibleFixation固定 fixative formalinsolution purpose topreservethestructuralorganizationDehydration脱水 replacethewaterinthetissuebyalcoholClearing透明 replacethealcoholbyxyleneEmbedding包埋 replacethexylenewithmeltedparaffinSectioning mounting切片 B Frozensection Betterforpreservingchemicalcomponents e g enzymes Freezing cryostat stainingC theothers Smearpreparations forbloodetc Grindpreparations forbone 2 Staining染色Purpose Tomaketissuesectionforobservation H EStaining Hematoxylin 苏木精basicdye bluishcolorEosin 伊红aciddye pinkcolorBasophilic 嗜碱性componentsstainedwithbasicdye H bluish nuclearchromatin Acidophilic 嗜酸性componentswithanaffinityforacidicdye E pink cytoplasm collagenfiber Neutrophilic 中性donotstainwithbothbasicandaciddyesArgyrophilia 嗜银性thosewithanaffinityforsilver dark browncolor FluorescentstainingshowstheapoptosisinhumanHL 60cells Silverstainingoftheneuronandthebilecanaliculi TransmissionElectronMicroscope TEM 透射电镜Usingabeamofelectrons shortwave lengths insteadofvisiblelight Sectionpreparation similartothoseforL Mmainly plasticinsteadofparaffin 50 70nmthick heavymetalsaltsinsteadofHE Resolution 0 1 0 5nmUltrastructrue 超微结构ThestructureinEMElectron dense电子密度高electron lucent电子密度低 ElectronMicroscopy TransmissionElectronMicroscope DiagramsofTEM 2 ScanningElectronMicroscope SEM 扫描电镜Sowingthe3dimensionalsurfaceArchitectureofcellsandtissuesResolution 5nm JEOL扫描电子显微镜 III Histochemistry Cytochemistry组织化学术 Revealthechemicalcompositioninsitu e g proteins a a nucleicacid lipids enzymesetc withchemical biochemicalmethods Theproductofchemicalreactionshouldbeinsoluble colored electron scattering beseeninLMorEM polysaccharide HIO4 hydroxylgroup oxidise Aldehydegroup Shiff sreagent colorless Purplishreddepositor Forinstance PAS PeriodicAcidSchiff reaction formanifestingpolysaccharide多糖 糖原 PASreactioninthegobletcell IV Immunocytochemistry免疫组织化学 Basedonantigenbindstospecificantibody TissuesectionwithAntigen labelledantibodylabelledAg Abcomplex Fluoresceinlabelling enzymelabelling colloidalgoldlabelling V tissueculture组织培养VI insituhybridization ISH nucleicacidmolecularhybridization原位杂交术 UsenucleotideprobetochecktargetfragmentofintracellularDNAormRNAinsitu inordertostudythegeneexpression ExpressionofPSAandPSAmRNAinhumanprostate histochemistry ISH Themethodinlearninghistology Combinationofthe2dimentionalstructurewith3dimentional Combinationofthetheorywit