强化班补充材料.doc

强化班补充材料雅思阅读补充材料T/F/NG 专项练习1 原文：It is almost impossible to write of the Arts in Australia without mentioning the building that first put Australia firmly on the world cultural mapthe Sydney Opera House.题目：The Opera House drew world attention to the Arts in Australia.2 原文：The Opera House was designed not by an Australian but by a celebrated Danish architect, Jorn Utzon, whose design won an international competition in the late 1950s. Its distinctive and highly original shape has been likened to everything from the sails of a sailing ship to broken eggshells, but few would argue with the claim that the Opera House is a major contribution to world architecture.题目：Utzon designed the roof to look like the sails of a sailing ship.3. 原文：Set amidst the graceful splendor of Sydney Harbour, presiding like a queen over the bustle and brashness of a modern city striving to forge a financial reputation in a tough commercial world, it s a reminder to all Australians of their deep and abiding love of all things cultural.题目：According to the author, Sydney is a quiet and graceful city.4. 原文：Utzon left the country before completing the project and in a fit of anger vowed never to return.题目：Utzon never returned to Australia to see the completed building.5. 原文：The Queen officially opened the building in 1975 and since the, within its curved and twisted walls, audiences of all nationalities have been quick to acclaim the many world-class performances of stars from the Australian opera, ballet and theatre.题目：Australian artists give better performances in the Opera House.6. 原文：Chances are, if you live in a city, you have not seen one for some time. Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom.题目：Frogs are disappearing only from city areas.7. 原文：All over the world, and even in remote parts of Australia, frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise.题目：Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.8. 原文：The danger is that planet Earth might not only lose a vital link in the ecological foodchain (frogs keep populations of otherwise pestilent insects at manageable levels)题目：Frogs are important in the ecosystem because they control pests.9. 原文：It exhibited some very strange behaviour; instead of giving birth to tadpoles in the water, it raised its young within its stomach. The baby frogs were actually born from out of their mothers mouth.题目：Frogs usually give birth to their young in an underwater nest.10. 原文：Unfortunately, this freak of nature is not the only frog species to have been lost in Australia. Since the 1970s, no less than eight others have suffered the same fate.题目：Eight frog species have become extinct so far in Australia.11. 原文：Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breeding cycles of frogs.题目：It is a fact that frogs breeding cycles are upset by worldwide in creases in temperature.12. 原文：Because of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often been criticized by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users.题目：The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous.13. 原文：In fact, it would be true to say that both Australian Labor Party and the Liberal Party consist of conservative, moderate and radical elements, and therefore the general public is often perplexed about which party to vote for.题目：Radical groups are only found within the Labor Party.14. 原文：Welfare societies tend towards bankruptcy unless government spending is kept in check.题目：Welfare-based societies invariably become bankrupt.15. 原文：Thus, for instance, at the last election there was the No Aircraft Noise Party, popular in certain city areas, and the Green Party, which is almost solely concerned with environmental issues.题目：The No-Aircraft-Noise Party is only popular in the city.16. 原文：Nowadays, without a qualification from a reputable school or university, the odds of landing that plum job advertised in the paper are considerably shortened.题目：It is impossible these days to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.17. 原文：It is no secret that competition is the driving force behind the need to obtain increasingly higher qualifications. In the majority of cases, the urge to upgrade is no longer the result of an insatiable thirst for knowledge.题目：Most people who upgrade their qualifications do so for the joy of learning.18. 原文：Naturally, although there is agreement that learning can cause stress, Gatsbys comments regarding university standards have been roundly criticised as alarmist by most educationists who point out that, by any standard of measurement, Australias education system overall, at both secondary and tertiary levels, is equal to that of any in the world.题目：Australias education system is equal to any in the world in the opinion of most educationists.19. 原文：Wealthy parents have always been willing to spend the vast amounts of extra money necessary to send their children to schools with a perceived educational edge.题目：Some parents spend extra on their childrens education because of the prestige attached to certain schools20. 原文： For example, it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest only if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call is received by the police. When response times increase to 3-4 minutes, still quite a rapid response, the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.题目： A response delay of 1-2 minutes may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught.21. 原文：Booking in advance is strongly recommended as all Daybreak tours are subject to demand. Subject to availability, stand by tickets can be purchased from the driver.题目：Tickets must be bought in advance from an authorized Daybreak agent. 22. 原文： In Sydney, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palates and pockets.题目： There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past. 23. 原文： Of the 26 species that are known to have become successful integrated into the local.题目： At least twenty-six of the introduced species have become established in Australia.24. 原文： In the clash between environmentalists and developers, the Indians, whose presence is in fact crucial to the survival of the forest, have suffered the most. 题目：The indigenous Amazonian Indians are necessary to the well-being of the forest.25. 原文： Los Angeles has some of the worlds cleanest carsfar better than those of Europebut the total number of miles those cars drive continue to grow.题目：Residents of Los Angeles are now tending to reduce the yearly distances they travel by car.26. 原文： According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the work wear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22% account for 85% of total sales-380 million in 1994题目： Most businesses that supply company clothing are successful.27. 原文：Most people think of the cultures represented in the collection in terms of the absence of advanced technology. In fact, traditional practices draw on a continuing wealth of technological ingenuity.题目：Traditional societies are highly inventive in terms of technology.28. 原文：Singapore has for a while had a scheme that forces drivers to buy a badge if they with to visit a certain part of the city. Singapore is advancing in this direction, with a city-wide network of transmitters to collect information and charge drivers as they pass certain points. When the local government in Cambridge, England, considered introducing Singaporean techniques, it faced vocal and ultimately successful opposition.题目：Charging drivers for entering certain parts of the city has been successfully done in Cambridge, England. 29. 原文：With declining birthrates and an anticipated shortage of new entrants to the work force, early retirement will become an issue for organizations to explore in more detail .题目：Organizations need to examine in more detail the effects of a declining birthrate30. 原文：They hunted by preference whales ,walruses, caribou and seals, although polar bears, birds and any other edible animal might be taken in a pinch, The Arctic has very little edible vegetation, although Inuit did supplement their diet with seaweed.题目：Inuit hunters prefer to eat walruses and birds.Answer keys:1-10 T F F NG NG F T T NG F11-20 F F F F NG F F T NG T21-30 F NG T T F F T F F FList of Headings 补充练习Exercise 1Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.List of Headings Bee behaviour is a mystery Communicating direction when outside a hive How Bees carry food on their bodies Von Frisch discovers that bees communicate How bees communicate direction when inside a hive The special position of bee language Expressing distance by means of dance The purpose of the two simple dances The discovery that bees have a special scent Von Frisch discovers three types of dance1. Section A2. Section B3. Section C4. Section D5. Section E6. Section F7. Section GUnderstanding Bee BehaviourAA bees brain is the size of a grass seed, yet in this tiny brain are encoded some of the most complex and amazing behavioural patterns witnessed outside humankind. For bees are arguably the only animals apart from humans which have their own language. Earlier this century Karl Von Frisch, a professor of Zoology at Munich University, spent decades of “the purest joy of discovery” unraveling the mysteries of bee behaviour. For his astonishing achievements he was awarded the Nobel Prize and it is from His work that most of todays knowledge of what bees say to each other derives. B. It started simply enough. Von Frisch knew from experiments by an earlier researcher that if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it but, once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup. Von Frisch realized that, in some way, messages were being passed on back at the hive, messages which said, out there, at this spot, youre going to find food.CBut how was it happening? To watch the bees, Von Frisch constructed a glass-sided hive. He found that, once the scout bees arrived back at the hive, they would perform one of three dance types. In the first type, a returning scout scampered in circles, alternating to right and left, stopping occasionally to regurgitate food samples to the excited bees chasing after her. In the second dance, clearly and extended version of this round dance, she performed a sickle-shaped figure-of-eight pattern instead. In the third, distinctly different dance, she started by running a short distance in a straight line, waggling her body from side to side, and returning in a semi-circle to the starting point before repeating the process. She also stopped from time to time to give little bits of food to begging bees. Soon the others would excitedly leave the hive in search of food. Minutes later, many of them, marked by Von Frisch, could be seen eating at the bowls of sugar syrup.DExperimenting further, Von Frisch unraveled the mystery of the first two related types, the round and the sickle dances. These dances, he concluded, told the bees simply that, within quite short distances of the hive there was a food source worth chasing. The longer and more excitedly the scout danced, the richer the promise of the food source. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this particular food was the one they were looking for. The others would then troop out of the hive and fly in spiraling circles sniffing in the wind for the promised food. EAt first, Von Frisch thought the bees were responding only to the scent of the food. But what did the third dance mean? And If bees were responding only to the scent, how could they also sniff down food hundreds of metres away from the hive, food which was sometimes downwind? On a hunch, he started gradually moving the feeding dish further and further away and noticed as he did so, that the dances of the returning scout bees also started changing. If he placed the feeding dish over nine metres away, the second type of dance, the sickle version, came into play. But once he moved it past 36 metres, the scouts would then start dancing the third, quite different, waggle dance. The measurement of the actual distance too, he concluded, was precise. For example, a deeding dish 300 metres away was indicated by 15 complete runs through the pattern in 30 seconds. When the dish was moved to 60 metres away, the number dropped to 11. FVon Frisch noted something further. When the scout bees came home to tell their sisters about the food source, sometimes they would dance outside on the horizontal entrance platform of the hive, and sometimes on the vertical wall inside. And, depending on where they danced, the straight portion of the waggle dance would point in different directions. The outside dance was fairly easy to decode: the straight portion of the dance pointed directly to the food source, so the bees would merely have to decode the distance message and fly off in that direction to find their food. GBut studying the dance on the inner wall of the hive, Von Frisch discovered a remarkable method which the dancer used to tell her sisters the direction of the food in relation to the sun. When inside the hive, the dancer cannot use the sun, so she uses gravity instead. The direction of the sun is represented by the top of the hive wall. If she runs straight up, this means that the feeding place is in the same direction as the sun. However, if, for example, the feeding place is 40 to the left of the sun, then the dancer would run 40 to the left of the vertical line. This was to be the first of von Frischs remarkable discoveries. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable discoveries. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about how bees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionize the study of animal behaviour. Answer Keys:1. Section AVI2. Section BIV3. Section C X4. Section DVIII5. Section EVII6. Section F II7. Section G VExercise 2Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of heading below.Write the appropriate numbers (i-x) in boxes 12-16 on your answer sheet.List of Headings(i)The effect of changing demographics on organisations(ii)Future changes in the European workforce(iii)The unstructured interview and its validity(iv)The person-skills match approach to selection(v)The implications of a poor person-environment fit(vi)Some poor selection decisions(vii)The validity of selection procedures(viii)The person-environment fit(ix)Past and future demographic changes in Europe(x)Adequate and inadequate explanations of organisational failureExample Paragraph A Answer (x) 1. Paragraph B 2. Paragraph C 3. Paragraph D 4. Paragraph EExample Paragraph F Answer (ix) 5. Paragraph GPEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS: THE SELECTION ISSUEA In 1991, according to the Department of Trade and Industry, a record 48,000 British companies went out of business. When businesses fail, the post-mortem analysis is traditionally undertaken by accountants and market strategists. Unarguably organisations do fail because of undercapitalisation, poor financial management, adverse market conditions etc. Yet, conversely, organisations with sound financial backing, good product ideas and market acumen often underperform and fail to meet shareholders expectations. The complexity, degree and sustainment of organisational performance requires an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet and the paper conversion of financial inputs into profit making outputs. A more complete explanation of what went wrong necessarily must consider the essence of what an organisation actually is and that one of the financial inputs, the most important and often the most expensive, is people.B An organisation is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition to acquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection.C Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in a particular organisational setting. The individual has to fit in with the work environment, with other employees, with the organisational climate, style or work, organisation and culture of the organisation. Different organisations have different cultures (Cartwright & Cooper, 1991; 1992). Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a similar experience to working in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey.D Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman are about 20,000 (approx. US$ 30,000). The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oil rig or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss of life. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit (PE-fit) is likely to result in low job satisfaction, lack of organisationa