新概念英语第二册Lesson21(共69页).ppt

keywordsandexpressions 我最喜欢的一项运动是A 而不是B运气还不如他们带着空袋子回家放弃钓鱼这是浪费时间意识到一件重要的事情对钓鱼感兴趣一点儿也不 myfavouritesportAinsteadofBlessluckygohomewithanemptybaggiveupfishingit sawasteoftimerealizeanimportantthingbeinterestedinfishingnothingatall 新概念英语第二册 Lesson21Madornot Learningobjectives学习目标 1 学习并掌握重点单词和短语 mad however sum determined 2 复习并掌握被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态 情态动词表推测的被动语态 我们已经讲了被动语态的基本形式以及它在用了一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时和一般过去时的句子中的使用情况 被动语态还可以和大部分情态动词连用 包括具有部分情态功能的will和would Hemayhavebeentoldthenews 他或许已被告知这消息了 1 概念 英语动词有两种语态 即主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者2 结构 主语 助动词be 及物动词的过去分词 其它3 时态要求 助动词be必须与主语的人称和数一致 常用的时态有八种 4 用法 在不知道谁是动作的执行者 或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者 被动语态 一般现在时的被动语态 被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 宾语是动作的承受者 当动作的承受者作主语时 就构成被动语态 构成 be 动词的过去分词1 WespeakEnglish Englishisspokenbyus 2 Mothermakessomecakes Somecakes aremade bymother 主动语态 被动语态 2 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm Tencomputerswerebought bythem lastterm 一般过去时 S was were 过去分词 3 AmycantakegoodcareofGina GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy 情态动词 S can may must should be 过去分词 4 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkwillbefinished bythem intendays 一般将来时 S will be 过去分词 5 Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow 现在进行时 S am is are being 过去分词 6 Wehavemadetwentymorekeys Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus 现在完成时 S have has been 过去分词 7 Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8 00lastnight Myhomeworkwasbeingdone byme at8 00lastnight 过去进行时 S was were being 过去分词 各种时态的被动语态构成 一般现在时 一般过去时 情态动词 一般将来时 现在进行时 现在完成时 过去进行时 S am is are P P 过去分词 S was were P P S can may must should be P P S will be P P S am is are being P P S have has been P P S was were being P P 被动语态的特殊形式 一 主动形式表被动这种布料很容易洗 Theclothwasheswell 她的书不好卖 Herbookdoesnotsellwell 类似的词还有 lock shut open move read write clean draw cut Theybuilttheairportyearsago Theycouldnotusetheairportnow Apassingplanewillknockdownthehouse Theyhaveofferedmealargesumofmoney Thenoisehavedrivenaway100people Theairportwasbuiltyearsago Theairportcouldnotbeusednow Thehousewillbeknockeddown Thelargesumofmoneyhavebeenofferedtome 100peoplehavebeendrivenaway ii Readingcomprehension Itwasbuiltyearsago anditcameintouselastyear Overahundredpeoplemusthaveleft Thewriterdecidedtostaythereinsteadofmovingaway 1 Whenwastheairportbuiltandwhendidtheairportcomeintouse 2 Howmanypeoplemusthaveleft 3 Whydopeoplethinkthewriterismad PreviewingcheckCanyoureadthesenewwords mad reason sum determined 发疯的 原因 量 一笔 金额 坚定的 下决心的 offer 提供 madadj发疯的 bemad crazyabout 为 而疯狂 着迷 他对足球很着迷Heismad crazyaboutfootball bemadatsb生某人的气老师对我很生气 因为我迟到了 TeacherwasmadatmebecauseIwaslate 1 madadj 发疯的 疯狂的 生气的drivesb mad crazy把某人逼疯Sb gomad某人 自己 变疯了e g 过多的作业快把我逼疯了 Toomuchhomeworkalmostdrovememad crazy 他退休后疯了 Hewentmadafterhehadretired reasonn 原因 forthisreason由于这个原因由于这个原因 我迟到了 Forthisreason Iwaslate reason ri z n n 原因1 n 道理 原因Theydepartedfornoreason 他们无缘无故无缘无故就分手了 2 v 推理 讲出道理 对某人讲道理Hereasonedhimoutofsmoking 他说服他戒了烟 3 adj reasonable合理的 有道理的反义词 unreasonableThepriceisreasonable 价钱很合理 sumn 量 alargesumof 大量的 喜欢跟钱连用一大笔钱alargesumofmoney sumn 量 许多的 大量的 可名复agreatnumberofagreatmany 不可名agreatdealof determinedadj坚定的 下决心的 bedeterminedtodosth 下决心做某事表示下决心做某事 句型知多少 makeupone smindtodosthdecidetodosthmakeadecisiontodosth Determined Determined有决心的坚定的 adj determine v Determinetodo bedeterminedtodoIdeterminedtogotoShanghai IwasdeterminedtoShanghai Determination判断力决心 Aeroplanesareslowlydrivingmemad drivev 开车 驾驶 drove driven driving driveto开车去往某地IdrovetoDalianyesterday drivesb mad把某人逼疯drivesb awayfrom把某人赶走drivesb outof把某人赶出去drivesb back撵回去driveinto赶进 2 Ilivenearanairportandpassingplanescanbeheardnightandday 1 v ing正在 的 现在分词可以放在名词前面 做定语 passingplanes passing现在分词做定语asleepingbaby 正在睡觉的小孩awaitingcar 正在等待的amovingtruck正在移动的汽车aflyingobject飞行中的物体aburningbuilding正在燃烧的大楼ahuntingdog正在猎物的狗正在跳舞的男孩是我的哥哥 Thedancingboyismybrother Hestoppedapassingcar 他挡住了一辆过往汽车 2 nightandday日日夜夜e g Iwillsitbyherbedsidedayandnight 我会日夜守在她的床边 Heworkednightandday 他夜以继日地工作Hethoughtofthematternightandday 他日夜在想这个问题 Theairportwasbuiltyearsago butforsomereasonitcouldnotbeusedthen forsomereason 由于某种原因some 可数名词单数 某一somebooksome 可数名词复数 一些somebookssome 不可数名词 一些somewatere g Hewaslateforschoolforsomereason 由于某种原因 他上学迟到了 Hedidn ttellmetheanswerforsomereason 由于某种原因 他没有告诉我答案 I lltellyousomedaySomemanatthedoorisaskingtoseeyou SomeMr Wangwantedyouonthephone 1 years前面不加确定的数词时 一般表示 许多年 weeks等的用法与它相似 Heleftthecityyearsago 他多年前就离开了这座城市 Ihavenotseenhimforweeks 我已经有好几个星期没见他了 2 some在这里不表示 一些 而表示 某个 某种 等 I lltellyousomeday 有一天我会告诉你的 We lltalkaboutitsomeothertime 我们改日再谈这件事 Lastyear however itcameintouse however用于句首 句中 用逗号隔开表示转折 但语气没有but强烈 新的学校将于明年投入使用 Teintouse为固定短语 表示 开始被使用 Whendidthetraincomeintouse 这火车什么时候开始使用的 Theroadcameintouselastmonth 这条路上个月通车了 Lastyear however itcameintouse Seintousen 投入使用 没有被动式 beused被使用 被动式 usen ju s vt ju z comeintouse 投入使用 put intouse1 Thismethodcomesintouse 2 Theyputthismethodintouse 3 Thismethodisputintouse Lastyear however itcameintouse Seintousen 投入使用 没有被动式 beused被使用 被动式 usen ju s vt ju z 3 however然而but虽然 但是 though虽然 但是 although虽然 但是 e g It shardwork Ienjoyit It shardwork Ienjoyit it shardwork Ienjoyit It shardwork Ienjoyit Hisfriends hadotherideas However but Though Although though however Overahundredpeoplemusthavebeendrivenawayfromtheirhomesbythenoise over morethan7 awayfrom离开8 Home与house的区别home 家 强调有感情 house仅仅指房子 TomregardsNanjingashissecond becausehehasbeenhereformanyyears A familyB roomC houseD home Musthavebeen MusthavebeenCouldhavebeenMighthavebeen情态动词 havebeen done表示对过去发生的事情的一种猜测Overahundredpeoplemusthavebeendrivenawayfromtheirhomebythenoise 情态动词must be表示根据事实所作的推论 在这句话中 must 完成时态表示对过去某事的推测 ThispenisJohn s Hemusthavebeenhere 这枝钢笔是约翰的 他一定来过这里 mighthave pp多用于猜测 HemighthavebeentoBeijing 他大概去过北京 Youmighthavesaidthisbefore 猜想 你也曾说过这些话 couldhavebeen多用于原本可以 能力上可及 的事情却没有做 Icouldhavecaughtupwithyou 我本来可以来和你们聚会的 但却没有去 Icouldhavebeenupset 我本来应该不高兴的 但是没有 Hecan thavebeenill Hemusthavebeentired Shecan thavebeenforty Shemusthavebeenfifty Hecan thavebeentheyoungest Hemusthavebeentheoldest Iamoneofthefewpeopleleft SometimesIthinkthishouswillbeknockeddownbyapassingplane oneof的用法 3点 名词复数 谓语动词的单数 形容词的最高级knockdown拆散 撞倒 6 Iamoneofthefewpeopleleft oneof 之一leftleave的过去分词 表示被留下来的left作定语放在被修饰词的后面 剩下的 东西我剩下一个包 Ihaveabagleft 在我的口袋里还有十块钱 Thereistenyuanleftinmypocket Left作为定语的时候放在名词的后面Thereisonly2yuanleftinmypocket Thereisnobodyleftintheroom oneof表示特指的一群人 一些东西中的一个 后面的名词用复数 OneofthegirlsstandingoverthereisTim ssister 在那些站在那儿的女孩当中有一个是蒂姆的姐姐 妹妹 Youcantakeoneofthesebags 你可以从这些提包中拿走一个 SometimesIthinkthishousewillbeknockeddownbyapassingplane knock不及物动词vi knockinto撞到 碰到 相撞 如 Thecarknockedintoatree 那辆汽车撞到一棵树上 knockat敲 Heknockedatthedoorbuttherewasnoanswer 他敲了门 但是没有人回答 knockdown打倒 撞倒Iwasknockeddownbyacarlastnight Weknockoffat12 30forlunch 我们十二点半时停下工作去吃饭 It safterfive let sknockoff 已经五点多了 下班吧Inthefight thethiefknockedthepolicemanout 在搏斗中 小偷把警察打昏了 Heknockedaglassover 他把玻璃杯打翻了 8 Ihavebeenofferedalargesumofmoneytogoaway butIamdeterminedtostayhere offer及物动词vt 1 给予 提供 拿出 出示 to Heofferedmeaglassofwine 他端给我一杯酒 2 愿意 试图 做某事 提议 todosth Theyofferedtohelpme 他们表示愿意帮助我 Heofferedtolendmesomebooks 他表示要借给我几本书 togoaway不定式表示目的goaway leave offer Offersb sth offersth tosb Mybossoffersmeajob mybossoffersajobtome 改成被动语态Ajobisofferedtomebymyboss Iwasofferedajobbymyboss 双宾语的被动语态 主语有两种可能 以sb 做主语或以sth 做主语 9 EverybodysaysImustbemadandtheyareprobablyright Everybodysays 从句Imustbemadtheyareprobablyright 他们也许是对的probablyadv 很可能mustbe表推测 复习 决心做某事 决定做某事bedetermined adj todosth determine v todosth decidetodosth makeadecisiontodosth Sheisdeterminedtosetoutearlyinthemorning 1 drive 1 vt vi 驾驶 驾车 Youmusthavebeendrivingatseventymilesanhour 你刚才一定是以每小时70英里的速度开车 Marydrives hercar veryslowly 玛丽开车开得很慢 2 vt 赶 驱赶 围赶 猎物 敌人等 Withthehelpoftwodogs hedrovethesheepdownthemountain 在两只牧羊犬的帮助下 他把羊从山上赶了下来 3 vt 逼迫 迫使 Aeroplanesareslowlydrivingmemad 飞机正在慢慢地把我逼疯 Thedeathofallherchildrenhasdrivenhermad 她所有的孩子的去世把她逼疯了 drivevi vt 开 车 驱逐 赶drivesb awayfrom sp 从 赶走e g He everyday Thousandsofpeople fromtheirhomesinwars drivestowork weredrivenaway 她得到一份好工作 Shegotagoodjob Shewasofferedagoodjob Shewasgivenagoodjob 给某人提供某物offersb sth offersth tosb givesb sth givesth tosb alargesumof 一大笔 大量的 e g workhasbeendonetopreventpollutioninourcountry A AlargeamountofB AgreatmanyC AplentyD Many A 决心做某事 决定做某事bedetermined adj todosth determine v todosth decidetodosth makeadecisiontodosth e g 她决定明天一大早出发 D Sheisdeterminedtosetoutearlyinthemorning 现在完成时的被动语态 主语 by e g Someonehasstolenmybag 主动语态 Mybag been bysomeone 被动语态 Wehaven tfoundtheanswertothequestion 主动语态 Theanswertothequestion been byus 被动语态 have has 被动语态 been 过去分词 名词 has stolen hasn t found 情态动词表示推测的被动语态 详见导学案 e g 她唱得真好 我想她以前肯定是名歌手 他今天没有来上学 肯定是病了 Hi Tom AnyideawhereJaneis She intheclassroom Isawhertherejustnow 2009年重庆高考 A shallbeB shouldhavebeenC mustbeD mighthavebeen C Shesingssowell Ithinkshemusthavebeenasinger Hedoesn tcometoschooltoday Hemustbeill 1 Whenheheardthegoodnews healmostwentm withjoy 2 Miss Albertisn there Heisp ill 3 Ther whyIstudyEnlgishisthatIwanttostudyabroad 4 Hisfatherspentalarges ofmoneyonthehouse 5 Thelittlegirlgavemead look Shesaidshewouldnotchangehermind 6 Themano meajobtobehisassistant 助手 ad robably eason um etermined ffered 翻译短语 1 把他们逼疯 2 一个正在游泳的女孩 3 一大笔钱 4 许多书 5 充足的时间 6 给某人提供一份工作 aswimminggirl alargesumofmoney many alargenumberof agreatmany alotof lotsofbooks plentyoftime offersb ajob drivethemmad crazy 7 过往的飞机 8 日日夜夜 9 由于某种原因 10 启用 11 从 赶走 12 撞倒 13 一大笔钱 14 离开 搬走 15 决定做某事 ii Phrasesandsentences passingplanes nightandday dayandnight forsomereason comeintouse driveawayfrom knockdown alargesumofmoney goaway bedeterminedtodosth 16 他正慢慢地走在回家的路上 He alongthewayhome 17 我口袋里只剩下两元了 Thereisonly inmypocket 18 你一定是缇娜的妹妹吧 哇 你们俩看起来一模一样 You Tina ssister Wow youlookthesame isslowlywalking twoyuan left mustbe PreviewingCheck 1 Whenheheardthegoodnews healmostwentm withjoy 2 Miss Albertisn there Heisp ill 3 Ther whyIstudyEnlgishisthatIwanttostudyabroad 4 Hisfatherspentalarges ofmoneyonthehouse 5 Thelittlegirlgavemead look thekindthatshesaidshewouldnotchangehermind 6 Themano meajobtobehisassistant i Completethesentenceswiththeproperwords ad robably eason um etermined ffered Aeroplanesareslowlydrivingmemad Ilivenearanairportandpassingplanescanbeheardnightandday Theairportwasbuiltduringthewar butforsomereasonitcouldnotbeusedthen Lastyear however itcameintouse Overahundredpeoplemusthavebeendrivenawayfromtheirhomesbythenoise Iamoneofthefewpeopleleft SometimesIthinkthishousewillbeknockeddownbyapassingplane Ihavebeenofferedalargesumofmoneytogoaway butIamdeterminedtostayhere EverybodysaysImustbemadandtheyareprobablyright Lesson21Madornot 是不是疯了 1Ourroommust clean A keepB bekeptC tobekeptD tokeep 2 I dliketobuythatcoat I msorry A itsoldB it ssellingC It sbeensoldD ithadbeensold B C 3Doctors ineverypartoftheworld A needB areneedingC areneededD willneed 4Thesepapers yet havenotwrittenB havenotbeenwrittenC hasnotwrittenD hasnotbeenwritten C B 5 Myshoesarewornout Can ttheybemended B Letmehavealookatit C Howmuchdotheycost D Can ttheymended 6 thesedesksbeneeded A WillB AreC HasD Do A A 7Theflowers often mustbewaterB mustbewateredC mustwateredD mustwater 8Where theseboxesmade A wasB wereC isD am B B 3Tea inthesouthofChina growsB isgrownC weregrownD willgrow 4 Oldpeoplemust A lookafterwellB belookedwellafterC lookedwellafterD belookedafterwell B D 9Jane tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday calledB wasaskedC toldD wassaid 10Thebike 500yuan wascostB costedC costD iscosted B C 11Theapple verysweet istastedB tasteC tastesD aretasting 12Whatyousaid likeagoodidea heardB listenedC soundD sounded C D 练习答案Keytowrittenexercises1 关键句型练习答案C1Amessagewillbesentimmediately 2Allthesegoodsmustbesold 3Itoldyoutheparcelwouldbereceivedintime 4Theletterhastobedeliveredbyhand 5YourlettermusthavebeenlostInthepost 2 难点练习答案A sampleanswers Thedogdrovethesheepoutofthefield Thepolicedrovethecrowdsback Idrovemycarintothegarage B1home2houses3house4home3 多项选择题答案1c2d3c4d5a6c7b8b9a10d11c12c SpecialDifficulties drivev 开车 驾驶 drove driven driving driveto开车去往某地drivesb mad把某人逼疯Thedeathofhersonhasdrivenhermad drivesb awayfrom把某人赶走drivesb outof把某人赶出去Duringthewar manypeopleweredrivenoutoftheirhomes drivesb back撵回去 drive 动词语态英语动词有两种语态主动语态 主语是动作的执行者被动语态 主语是动作的承受者ManypeoplespeakEnglish 主动语态 Englishisspokenbymanypeople 被动语态 Readthefollowingsentences1 Itiscalledastamp 2 What sitmadeof 3 Whichlanguageisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld 4 Englishisusedverywidelyasaforeignlanguage 5 SilkisproducedinSuzhou 6 Wherearebananasgrown 二 模仿上列句子连词成句 Silk produce inHangzhou Cars make inTianjin tea grow inFujian English speak inAustralia Glass produce inGermany Ships make inJapan 被动语态构成 助动词 及物动词的过去分词 be P P 以see为例 比较主动语和态被动语态的结构形式 肯定句 否定句及疑问句如下 CarsaremadeinChangchun CarsarenotmadeinChangchun ArecarsmadeinChangchun Yes theyare No theyaren t Wherearecarsmade p26 Readtext 2 Whencanweusethepassivevoice 不知道动作的执行者是谁 或没有必要指出动作的执行者时 Mybikewasstolenlastnight 昨晚我的自行车被偷了 Lettersarecollectedateighteverymorning 信件每天早晨八点收取 ThedeskwasmadebyMasterWang 这张课桌是王师傅做的 Thebagwastakenawaybyhissister 那个口袋是她姐姐提走的 2 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时 被动语态使用方法 Article1 popwin title 3 为了更好地安排句子 Thewell knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople 一个主语就够了 那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了 Ihaveanewskirt Itwasgiventomeasabirthdaypresentbymyaunt 我有条新裙子 它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的 4 在上下文中 为了使句子间连接紧密时 如 将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语 将主动语态的谓语动词改为 be 过去分词 结构 将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语 放在谓语动词之后 有时可省略 主动语态改为被动语态的方法 将下列句子改成被动语态 1 WeuseEnglishasaforeignlanguage Englishisusedasaforeignlanguage byus 2 PeoplewritebusinesslettersinEnglish Businesslettersarewritten bypeople inEnglish 3 TheymaketelephonecallsinEnglish Telephonecallsaremade bythem inEnglish 4 TravelersandbusinesspeopleuseEnglish Englishisusedbytravelersandbusiness 5 FarmersgrowriceinZhejiang RiceisgrownbyfarmersinZhejiang 过去时 含情态动词的被动语态 AmankilledJack HanMeifoundGranny books Theybuiltthebridge Jackwaskilled byaman Granny bookswerefoundbyHanMei Thebridgewasbuilt Hecananswerthequestion Wemustplanttreesinspring Nurseshouldtakecareofthechildren Thequestioncanbeanswered byhim Treesmustbeplantedinspring Childrenshouldbetakencareof 主动语态变为被动语态时注意 含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况 EgHegavetheboyanapple 1 把间接宾语改为主语 直接宾语保留不变 Theboywasgivenanapple 2 把直接宾语改为主语 此时 间接宾语前要加to或for Anapplewasgiventotheboy give pass show send to buy draw make for 含双宾语的被动Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday Anewbookwasgiventome bymyfather Iwasgivenanewbook bymyfather 2 不带的to不定式 改为被动语态时不定 式前要加to Theywatchedthechildrensing Thechildrenwerewatchedtosing 3 短语动词是不可分割的整体 改为被动语态时要保持其完整性 介词或副词不可遗漏 Wemusttakegoodcareoftheyoungtrees Youngtreesmustbetakengoodcareof 4 带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时 一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语 宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语 Hecuthishairshort Hishairwascutshort Theytoldhimtohelpme Hewastoldtohelpme 5 注意 不及物动词不能用被动语态happen takeplace appearbut不及物动词带上介词或副词构成的短语 相当于及物动词 后面可带宾语 takecareof lookafter takeoff lookat sendfor lookup EgTheoldmanshouldbetakengoodcareof 6 主动表示被动情况1某些VI动词表被动含义如carryout lockopen read teach wash write 用来说明主语性质特征 常与not hardly well easily badly nicely等连用Meatcutseasily Thecardroveeasily Hisnovelsellswell某些感观动词表被动含义如feel look taste smell soundThisshirtfeelsmuchsofterthanthatone Thisorangetastesnice 3某些动词表被动含义如weigh measure cost last breakout takeplace happen Themeetinglastedtwohours 4get come go P P表示被动含义用来强调动作结果或表示出乎意料的偶然事件 come go常与否定连用Theygotdelayedbecauseoftheholidaytraffic Thewoman scomplaintswentunnoticed 5在need want require deserve doing句型中 动名词表示被动 Thegardenneedswatering Thegardenneedstobewatered 6有些动词的不定式 blame let rent用主动表被动Nobodywastoblamefortheaccident Thehouseistolet 7一些介词短语用作定语或表语时表被动Thethiefwasunderarrest Applesareonsale 将下列句子改为被动语态 一 WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass Theparentsfoundtheboyinthestreet 3 Wemustcleantheblackboard 4 Isawherreadingabookhoursago Arecorderisoftenused byus inourEnglishclass Theboywasfound bytheparents inthestreet Theblackboardmustbecleaned byus Shewasseenreadingabookhoursago 6 Someonehasstolenmybike Theyarebuildingahouse Myfamilywillbuyacomputernextweek Mybikehasbeenstolen Ahouseisbeingbuilt Acomputerwillbeboughtnextweek 二 IoftenbuyMothersomething Mybrothergavemeabook Wecanhearhersingthissong Theboy swordsmadeuslaugh Motherisoftenboughtsomething SomethingisoftenboughforMother Iwasgivenabook Abookwasgiventome Shecanbeheardtosingthissong Weweremadetolaughbytheboy swords 4 Shesh