跟我学SAP

跟我学SAP-MM-001-采购流程&组织层级Procurement Process & Organizational Levels1. Overview-综览: 介绍各种类型的外部采购 , 以及外部采购的各种必要组织规划2.Objective-目的:a)描述外部采购的流程b)了解SAP中与采购流程相关的各种组织要素c)阐述这些组织要素之间的关联3. External Procurement Process ( Normal / Standard) 一般/标准采购流程a)PR - Source Determination- PO - GR - IV - APb)实务单据: PR(请购单) , Quotation/RFQs(报价单) , PO(采购单) , Invoice(发票)c)PR : 可Manual录入或由MRP自动生成 4.Special Procurement Processa)Stock transfer with stock transfer orders 库存移转/库存调拨 (集团/公司内采购)STO非必须 即可以直接库存调拨.b)Subcontracting 外包/委外加工与标准外购的区别:b1. 公司会提供部分/全部材料给Vendor/Subcontractorb2. 这些材料实务不在公司中,但库存帐是可管理的,因为还是属于公司的财产b3. 这些发给供应商的材料有特殊的库存类型: Stock of material provided to vendorc)Vendor Consignment 供应商寄售一般而言是产业链的最尾端, 即面向最终用户的厂商, 基于以最小的成本代价但能更快速的响应终端需求的目的 , 要求/联合它的下游供应商为了共同的利益最大化而采取的一种采购方式.这种情况下Vendor的风险会比较大, 这样就要求Vendor的Sales Forecast要做的尽量的精确.5. Organization Levels in Procurement ProcessClient Company Code Plant Storage Location Purchasing Organization / Purchasing Groupa)Client : SAP中的最高组织要素 , 实务中一般定义为集团b)Company Code : 拥有完整财务帐的最小组织要素 , 实务中一般定义为集团(Client)下属公司c)Plant: 生产/采购/物料规划的物流分支机构 , 实务中一般定义为制造工厂,配送中心,区域销售办公室,集团总部,维修点.d)Storage Location: 实务中一般定义为仓库lPlant Code在Client下是唯一的 , 意即只要确定Plant , 即可同时确定Company CodelStorage Location code在Plant下是唯一的e) Purchasing Group: 实务中一般定义为采购团队, 对内负责材料的采购 , 对外是公司与供应商之间的窗口, Purchasing Group并不依赖于集团/公司组织架构.f) Purchasing Organization:承担采购需求, 供应商合约这些业务流程的细分组织 , 可以依据公司架构/管理需求定义在不同层次.i. Plant-Specific Purchasing Organization: 即一个采购组织负责一个Plantii. Cross-Plant Purchasing Organization:一个采购组织可负责多个Plantiii. Cross-Company-Code Purchasing Organization:一个采购组织负责公司下所有Plant跟我学SAP-MM-002-采购订单输入(基本)Purchase Order Entry BasicsPurchase Order-采购订单的产生有很多方式 , 基本有以下几种:1.手工录入(基本), 即本文会介绍的方式 , 也是最基本的方式 , 俗称裸入, 也就是直接输入采购订单中的各项栏位值2.系统生成: 依照MRP运算结果直接生成3.参照其他系统文书生成: 如PR(请购单),Quotation(报价单),Contract(合约)同时一般的ERP都会有单笔(Single)录入与多笔(MASS)录入的功能,SAP作为ERP中的老大, 自然也有完善的功能.当然本文只介绍最基本的单笔录入,其他的方式随着课程的深入会再逐步介绍.首先介绍如何进入到Purchase Order的相关界面:1.SAP Menu Logistics Materials Management Purchasing - Purchasing2.T-Code:-ME21N 采购单开立-ME22N 采购单变更-ME23N 采购单显示(查询)下面开始正式开始本课程内容,附图是最基本的采购流程,本文的重点将介绍Purchase order Transaction (ME21N):1.课程综览: 介绍外购流程的要素之一采购订单 , 并同时介绍SAP中采购订单的结构与产生.2.课程目的-完成本课程后, 你应该可以:a)说出可以参照开立采购订单PO的系统文书b)说明采购订单PO的要素c)生成并发出一张简单的采购订单3.采购订单:a)采购订单是要求供应商Vendor提供货物或者服务的正式文书b)你可以参照已存在的PR, PO, Quotation, Contract开立新的PO,以缩短资料录入的时间.c)同其他SAP中相关采购文书一样,PO的主体包括单头与单身d)单头(Header)包含的讯息是整张PO共用的, 如:供应商,汇率,订单日期,付款条件e)单身(Item)则详细描述你需要的货物或服务, 你可以为每笔单身添加额外的讯息,如数量,交期,采购价格,文本说明等 f)在Document Overview中,可以找到其他的采购文书,如PR, PO, Quotation.g)Personal Setting(个性化设定): 可以为每个登录用户设定自己设定的默认值(如Purchasing Org.),或者Document Overview.4.Demonstration Creating a Purchasing Order (环境为ECC6 IDES)a)输入Vendor Code = 1000 , Enter后会自动带出Vendor Nameb)Header输入Purchase Org=1000 , Purchase Group=T00 , Company Code=100c)Item Overview输入Material = M-01 , PO Qty = 10 , Net Price = 10(如果有建Info Record会自动带出,这里没有建就只有自己手工输入了), Plant = 1000d)Item输入Tax Code = 0I , 保存后即产生PO Number,这样子一张最基本的采购订单PO就产生了. 5.Demonstration: Display the Purchase Order 6.Issue a Purchase Order 采购订单发出a)采购订单创建完成后就可以发出了, 这里SAP提供多种方式, 如直接打印出来,直接传真,直接邮件寄送等等b)实务中采购订单创建后并不能直接发出, 必须经过DOA(核决权限,Delegation Of Authority)签核后才能生效发给供应商c)PO的DOA一般会设计为首先依PO Type来区分(如MRP产生的PO采购经理核准即可), 非MRP产生的PO(即类似本文中裸开的PO)依照采购单金额须由不同的授权主管核准, 如10W之内的采购经理可核准, 50万需事业部经理核准,100万以上需CEO核准等等.d)博主所在的公司有使用E-PO Workflow的方式协助用户单位处理这一段的Process , 但不是用的SAP WF , 所以不在本主题讨论的范畴之内, 这里不再详述.e)Menu Path: Logistics Materials Management (MM) Purchasing (MM-PUR) Entering Text, Printing and Transmitting Documents (ME9F)f)最后看一下我们的要发出的采购单, 结束本次课程. 跟我学SAP-MM-003-收货过账(基本)Goods Receipts Entry Basics 收货 1.课程综览:a)本文的讨论主题针对于采购订单收货 , 本文中会有一个新的名词介绍”movement type”(移动类型)b)很多公司中, GR Process(收货的处理)不仅仅只包括GR过账的动作, 如果有用Warehouse模组, 必要的附加流程会继续在Storage Bin level(库位)上执行, 这一部分不再本课程的讨论范围之内2.课程目的:a)阐释PO采购订单交货时GR的用意b)参照PO采购订单交货做GR的操作c)阐述物料凭证中的要素3.Goods Receipt as Part of the Procurement Process a)做为一个严谨的闭环,集成,整合的ERP系统, 物流和帐流应该是同步的.在SAP中,一旦GR过账(Posted) , 会同时生成物料凭证和会计凭证. , 即同时更新库存数量与库存金额.b)GR数量会同步更新至POc)物料凭证(Material Document): GR过账后生成物料凭证 , 其中的讯息包括料号,数量,工厂,仓库.d)会计凭证(Accounting document):如果该材料已被计价(Valuated) , 会同时生成会计凭证(accounting document) , 其中详尽记录了物料移动对财务账目的影响4.Goods Receipta)移动类型(Movement Type):-移动类型(Movement Type)承担了库存管理中重要的控制功能-移动类型(Movement Type)在SAP中扮演着自动决定会计科目的角色-同其他的影响要素一起, 移动类型(Movement Type)决定了哪些存货(Stock)与物料耗用(Consumption)科目被更新-移动类型(Movement Type)还决定了输入界面的布局 , 即选择不同的移动类型(Movement Type)需要填写的栏位是不同的, 举例, 部门领料就需要填写部门的成本中心(Cost Center) , 工单发料就需要填写工单号或预留(Reservation)b) Transaction MIGO物料移动的输入界面/程序-Overview Tree: 最近的10笔凭证会在这里显示, 这些凭证包括各种订单(Orders),预留(Reservation), 物料凭证,持有数据等. 可以参照这些凭证处理物料移动的抛转/过账以及物料凭证的产生.-Header Data: 包含物料凭证相关的讯息, 如凭证日期,过账日期等等, 并且可以依据Header Data找到对应的会计凭证.-Item Overview , Item Detail: 包含单身各项物料的相关讯息及财务账户分配的讯息. 5. Demonstration: Enter Goods Receipt for Purchase Order采购收货操作演示a) Menu path: Logistics Materials Management Inventory Management Goods Movement Goods Movement (MIGO).b)参照PO生成GR收货项目:可在My Document中找到最新的PO, 选择Adopt或鼠标左键双击, 可将Item讯息带入 ; 或者直接输入PO Number亦可.c)确认收货数量(Quantity), 收货工厂(Plant),仓库(Storage Location) , 移动类型(Movement Type)-确认收货数量(Quantity) -确认Movement Type , Plant , Storage Location-移动类型(Movement Type)选择 界面的最右上方(这里是101)d)选中Item OK e)选择保存(Save)或过账(Post) f)完成后自动生成物料凭证 g)查询相应的物料凭证(Material Document)与会计凭证(Accounting Document)前面提到过,SAP是一个高度集成的ERP系统,物料的移动会同时生成物料凭证与会计凭证,这里我们就来看看这一笔GR过账后产生的物料凭证与会计凭证.-查询物料凭证(Material Document)还是在MIGO中依次选中”Display” “Material Document”-“Material Document No.”-“Year”后执行. -查询会计凭证(Accounting Document)跟我学SAP-MM-004-发票校验(基本)Invoice EntryBasics 发票录入(基本)1.课程综览:本节课程主要介绍供应商采购订单PO交货发票的检核与校验.2.课程目的: 完成本节的学习后你应该能a)阐述发票的要素资讯b)参照采购订单PO在SAP中完成基本的发票校验过程c)阐述发票校验的目的与效用3.Invoice Receipt as Part of the Procurement Processa) ERP是一套实时反映/重现实务流,财务流的资讯系统, 所以在学习ERP的过程中,要同时关注这两个方面, 同时ERP本身是资讯流, 串联起实务流与财务流.b)实务/帐务的移转: 给供应上的采购订单PO代表了公司希望供应商将货权移转给公司, 同时会将资金移转给公司, 收货入库代表供应上正式将货权移转给公司, 而这里的发票录入则代表公司正式把资金移转给供应商, 所以采购订单是一个简单采购流程的起点, 而发票录入则是终点c)当然实务中收货入库并不一定代表货权的移转 , 想一想第一节课程中介绍的供应商寄售(Vendor Consignment)的货物, 实物在公司, 货权却还属于供应商, 真正上线使用后才移转为公司自己的库存d)同样的, 发票录入后也不代表资金就移转给供应商了, 一般的公司都是定期结转(如月结,季结,半年结)等, 所以在收到发票的时候会记录一笔应付账款(AP) , 实际付款的时候再以现金/银行存款来冲销这笔应付账款(AP). e)发票校验(Invoice Verification)是让你录入发票资讯 , 并产生贷方记录(表示欠别人钱)的功能, 同时会检查价格是否正确.f)发票过账时, 会同时在SAP中生成发票凭证(Invoice document)和会计凭证(Accounting document).g)发票验证(Invoice verification)并不包含发票的付款与评估, 这里的讯息会传递给其他的部门做后续处理. 发票验证(Invoice verification)是物料管理与内部/外部会计的接口.h)当参照采购订单PO录入发票时,系统会将PO中的资讯(如供应商,物料,数量,付款条件)作为建议值带入. 如果发票的资讯与PO不一样, 你可以复写这些建议值, 系统会检查是这些复写的资讯是否允许,在检查过程中,会有警示/错误讯息弹出. 如果你要复写的资讯与PO有相互矛盾的地方, 系统将阻止对该发票付款(取决于系统设定).i)下图是一张典型的发票,以及应该包含的资讯. j)如果可能,发票应该参照采购订单PO录入并过账, 这样做的好处是系统可以PO,GR上的数量,金额等栏位作为建议值录入. 4.Demo : Invoice Entrya)发票录入(Invoice Entry)的界面与前面介绍的PO , GR的画面非常类似 b)Menu Path & T-Code :LogisticsMaterials ManagementLogistics Invoice Verification Document Entry Enter Invoice (MIRO)c)输入公司代码Company Code : 1000第一次执行MIRO时会要求输入公司代码Company Code, 后续在进入时公司代码Company Code会在表头(Header Data)的basic data页面中显示, 如果要变更, 选则菜单栏Edit-Switch company code即可以.d) 选择交易(Transaction)类型 Invoice e)输入Invoice date(发票日期) , 输入发票金额 , 选择稅别 .f)在PO Reference页面输入PO Number , 回车后会自动带出PO相关讯息. 确认无误后点保存即过账并产生Invoice Number (这里就不截图了) g)如果输入的金额与PO的金额不一致, 右上角的Balance栏位会显示差异, 并依据系统设定决定这样的差异能够保存与过账. 跟我学SAP-MM-005-Unit1:TestYourKnowledgeUnit 1 - Test Your KnowledgeOK , 经过几天的努力, 我们完成了Unit 1 The Procurement Process Basics的学习,这里我们先来回顾下我们的课程目标:a)描述外部采购的流程b)了解SAP中与采购流程相关的各种组织要素c)阐述这些采购流程相关的各种组织要素之间的关联d) 说出可以参照开立采购订单PO的系统凭证e) 说明采购订单PO的要素f) 生成并发出一张简单的采购订单g)阐释PO采购订单交货时GR的用意 h)参照PO采购订单交货做GR的操作i)阐述物料凭证中的要素j)阐述发票的要素资讯k)参照采购订单PO在SAP中完成基本的发票校验过程l)阐述发票校验的目的与效用完成以下练习以检核学习效果, 答案附在后面 .1. Which procurement process(es) end as a rule with the goods receipt andnot with the invoice date?Choose the correct answer(s). A Procurement by another plants in company using a stock transferorder. B Stock transfer of materials by means of subcontracting. C Normal purchase of materials from a vendor without provision ofcomponents. D Procurement of material by means of consignment.2. List the organizational levels relevant to the procurement process.3. A plant can be assigned to several company codes.Determine whether this statement is true or false. True False4. A purchasing organization can act for several plants.Determine whether this statement is true or false. True False5. A purchasing group must always be assigned to a purchasing organization.Determine whether this statement is true or false. True False6. A purchasing organization must always be assigned to a company code.Determine whether this statement is true or false. True False7. You can create a purchase order with reference to a purchase requisition.Determine whether this statement is true or false. True False8. List four different screen areas in the order transaction ME21N.9. Which organization levels do you have to indicate when entering a purchaseorder?Choose the correct answer(s). AClient B Company code CPlant D Storage location E Purchasing organization F Purchasing group10. _ and _ are two possible message output types.Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence.11. To enter a goods receipt with reference to a purchase order, choose transaction_ . Then choose the transaction _ and _ as the reference document. The _for the movement type should be _.Enter the_ and choose Execute. Set the _ for the items and enter a _. Finally, save your input.Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence.12. What are the effects of the entry of a goods receipt against a purchase orderin the SAP system?Choose the correct answer(s). A The purchase order is deleted. B An accounting document can be generated. C A material document is generated for each item. D The PO history is updated for each item of the purchase order. E A material document is generated. F A credit memo is automatically generated for the vendor for the amount of the delivery value.13. You cannot enter a goods movement without indicating a _.Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence.14. List at least five pieces of information that you can find in a vendor invoice.15. When entering an invoice, you should reference a_ or a _.As a result, the system is able to suggest _ and amounts for each item. The invoice is checked to ensure _ and _.Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence.16. Which of the following can you enter using the transaction MIRO?Choose the correct answer(s). A Subsequent delivery B Subsequent debit C Invoice D Subsequent adjustment E Credit memoAnswers:1. Which procurement process(es) end as a rule with the goods receipt andnot with the invoice date? (A,D)Choose the correct answer(s). A Procurement by another plants in company using a stock transferorder. B Stock transfer of materials by means of subcontracting. C Normal purchase of materials from a vendor without provision ofcomponents. D Procurement of material by means of consignment. 本题的要点在于货权是否发生移转 , 如果发生移转则需要开立发票, 反之则不用:1).使用调拨单(STO)做库存调拨 , 如果转入, 转出工厂属于同一个公司代码( Company Code)是不需要发票的 ;2).同样, 客户寄售(Vendor Consignment)的货物在收货时货权并没有发生移转.2. List the organizational levels relevant to the procurement process. Client Company Code Plant Storage Location Purchasing Organization Purchasing Group3. A plant can be assigned to several company codes.Determine whether this statement is true or false. True False4. A purchasing organization can act for several plants.Determine whether this statement is true or false. True False5. A purchasing group must always be assigned to a purchasing organization.Determine whether this statement is true or false. True False6. A purchasing organization must always be assigned to a company code.Determine whether this statement is true or false. True False7. You can create a purchase order with reference to a purchase requisition.Determine whether this statement is true or false. True False8. List four different screen areas in the order transaction ME21N. Header Item Overview Item Details Document Overview Help9. Which organization levels do you have to indicate when entering a purchaseorder?Choose the correct answer(s). A Client B Company code C Plant D Storage location E Purchasing organization F Purchasing group10. Print and EDI are two possible message output types.11. To enter a goods receipt with reference to a purchase order, choose transaction MIGO . Then choose the transaction Good Receipt and Purchase Order as the reference document. The default value for the movement type should be 101. Enter the PO Number and choose Execute. Set the Indicator OK for the items and enter a storage location. Finally, save your input.12. What are the effects of the entry of a goods receipt against a purchase orderin the SAP system?Choose the correct answer(s). A The purchase order is deleted. B An accounting document can be generated. C A material document is generated for each item. D The PO history is updated for each item of the purchase order. E A material document is generated. F A credit memo is automatically generated for the vendor for the amount of the delivery value.13. You cannot enter a goods movement without indicating a movement type.14. List at least five pieces of information that you can find in a vendor invoice. Among other things A vendor invoice shows the invoicing party The reference The invoice date Payment terms The invoice amount The tax amount The tax rate The quantity and amounts for each item.15. When entering an invoice, you should reference a purchase order or a delivery notes. As a result, the system is able to suggest quantites and amounts for each item. The invoice is checked to ensure that is covers the right quantities of the right materials and/or services, that the price is as agreed and that it is arithmetically correct16. Which of the following can you enter using the transaction MIRO?Choose the correct answer(s). A Subsequent delivery B Subsequent debit C Invoice D Subsequent adjustment E Credit memo最后, 附上目前的进度表供参考.CourseMin(s)DateUnit 1:The Procurement Process: Basics265Procurement Process and Organizational Levels4509/07/04Purchase Order Entry Basics6009/07/06 Exercise 1: Purchase Order Entry: Basics2009/07/06Goods Receipts Entry - Basics6009/07/09 Exercise 2: Goods Receipt Processing - Basics2009/07/09Invoice Entry - Basics4509/07/13 Exercise 3: Invoice Verification - Basics1509/07/13Unit 2: Master Data275Vendor_ master record60 Exercise 4: Vendor_ master Record20Material_ master Record 90 Exercise 5: Material_ master Record20Entry Aids45 Exercise 6: Entry Aids20Mass Maintenance (Optional)20Unit 3: Procurement of Stock Material470Conditions30Request for Quotation Management / Quotation Processing45 Exercise 7: Request for Quotation and Quotation Processing40Create Purchase Order with Reference60 Exercise 8: Purchase Order Processing25Purchasing info records60 Exercise 9: Maintain Purchasing Info Record25Material Valuation Basics30Stock Types, Valuation, GR in Warehouse45 Exercise 10: Stocks, Valuation, and Goods Receipt45Invoice Verification and Delivery Costs45 Exercise 11: Invoice Verification with Unplanned Delivery Costs20Unit 4: Procurement of Consumable Material305Consumable Material Overview30Purchase requisition 45 Exercise 12: Purchase Requisition Processing20Purchase Order and Order Acknowledgement45 Exercise 13: Convert Purchase Requisition into a Purchase Order, Order Acknowledgement20Valuated and Non-Valuated Goods Receipts60 Exercise 14: Goods Receipt and Invoice Entry25Blanket Purchase Order45 Exercise 15: Blanket Purchase Order15Unit 5: Procurement of External Services175Service_ master Record and Conditions40 Exercise 16:_ master Data for External Services Management 5Purchase Order for Services45 Exercise 17: Procurement of External Services15Service Entry and Invoice Verification50 Exercise 18: Service Entry and Invoice Verification20Unit 6: Reporting and Analysis Functions135Standard Reports at Document Level60 Exercise 19: List Displays15Logistics Information System (LIS)45 Exercise 20: Logistics Informat