2013计算机英语复习题.docx

ABCarithmetic-logic unit算术逻辑单元access speed访问速度analog signal模拟信号browser浏览器Blu-Ray蓝光basic applications基本应用Bluetooth蓝牙bus network总线网络computer network计算机网络CPU中央处理单元communication system调制解调器clock speed时钟速度DEFdatabase file数据库文件domain name server域名服务器 demodulation调制解调器desktop computer桌面电脑dots-per-inch每英寸点数e-commerce电子商务E-mail电子邮件erasable optical disc 可擦写光盘fiber-optic cable光纤电缆Flash memory闪存firewall每英寸点数HIHhard disk硬盘host computer主机home page主页hub集线器headphones耳机Internet因特网information technology信息技术hardware硬件home page主页 KLMkeyword search关键字搜索LAN局域网menu bar菜单条mouse鼠标microprocessor微处理器monitor显示器memory内存modem调制解调器NOPnotebook computer笔记本计算机network operating system网络操作系统network architecture网络结构NOS网络操作系统operating system操作系统optical disk光盘online在线palm computer掌上电脑protocol协议personal digital assistant个人数字助理procedure规则program程序QSTOnline在线secondary storage外存star network星型网络 system board系统板software软件supercomputer超级计算机toolbar工具条 TCP/IP传输控制协议/因特网协议UWuniversal serial bus通用串行总线USB drive通用穿行总线驱动器worksheet file工作表文件wireless connections无线连接wireless LAN无线局域网Web万维网Web page网页选择Two or more computers connected so that they can communicate with each other and share information are called a _.networkThe most important system software program is the_.operating systemThis type of software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details. system softwareThick, rigid metal platters that are capable of storing and retrieving information at a high rate of speed are known as _ .hard disksGUI stand for _ .graphical user interfaceThe primary purpose of this type of _ software is to create text-based documents. word processingThe standard protocol for the Internet is _ TCP/IPRandom access memory (RAM) is a kind of _ storage. temporaryROM is a type of _semiconductorThe _ tells the rest of the computer how to carry out a programs instructions. control unitThe arrangement of the computers in a network is called the _ topology The most common input devices are the _ and the _ . mouse, keyboardA system component that translates data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process is called a(an) _ input deviceThis type of storage device has no moving parts. solid stateThe smallest unit in a digital system is a _ . bitThis type of software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details. system softwareThese programs guard your computer against malicious programs that may invade your computer system. antivirus programGUI stands for _ graphical user interfacePrimary storage is referred to as _ storage. volatileProcedures are typically documented in manuals written by_ .computer specialistsWindows XP, Windows Vista, and Macintosh OS X are all examples of _ operating systemsA CD is an example of a(n) _ optical discA(n) _ , also called a data bus,connects the parts of the CPU together. bus lineMany individuals create their own personal sites called Web logs,or _ .blogsRobots used in automobile plants would be classified as _ industrial robots The smallest unit in a digital system is a _ .byteRandom access memory (RAM) is a kind of _ storage. temporaryThis type of pointing device has crisscrossed invisible beams of infrared light that are protected with a clear plastic outer layer. Touch screenThe data on an optical disc is represented by flat areas called _ on the disc surface. LandsThe rules for exchanging data between computers are called _ .protocolsIn a relational database data is organized into _ .tablesGeneral purpose applications are also known as _ .basic applicationsThe transmission medium that carries the message is referred to as the communication channel_ cash is the Internets equivalent to traditional cash. DigitalSecret words or numbers used to gain access to a computers system are called passwordsThe standards of moral conduct that control how computers are used are called _ethics配对题RAM Volatile storage that holds the program and data the CPU is currently processing.secondary storage device Holds data and programs evenafter electrical power to the system has been turned off.primary storage Holds data and programinstructions for processing data.system board The communications web for the entire computer system.Window A rectangular area that contains a document, program, or message. The least powerful and most widely used type of computer.control unit Tells the rest of the computersystem how to carry out a programs instructions.optical disks Use laser technology and have the greatest capacity of all secondary gram Consists of the step by step instructions that tell the computerhow to do its work.the Internet The largest network in the world.Information .Data that has been processed through the computerCell The intersection of a row and column in a spreadsheet. packets Broken-down parts of a message over the Internet.Bluetooth Uses microwaves to transmit data over short distances up to 33 feetMicrocomputers The least powerful and most widely used type of computer.control unit Tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a programs instructions.optical disks Use laser technology and have the greatest capacity of all secondary storage.embedded OS Operating systems completely stored within ROMsystem unit Houses most of the electronic components in a computer system.solid-state storage Stores data electronically and has no moving parts. TCP/IP Standard protocol for the Iputer network Communications system connecting two or more computers.Packets Broken-down parts of a message over the Internet.NOS Operating system used to control and coordinate computers that are linked together.DNS Converts text-based addresses to IP addresses. instructions that tell the computer how to do its work.Track Closed concentric ring on a disk on which data is recorded.access speed Time required to retrieve data and programs.Morphing Special effect in which one image seems to melt into another.翻译Word processing software creates text-based documents such as reports, letters, and memos. Word processors are one of the most flexible and widely used software tools. Students and researchers use word processors to create reports. Organizations of all types create newsletters to communicate with their members. Businesses create form letters to reach new and current customers. All types of people and organizations use word processors to create personalized Web pages字处理软件生成基于文本的文档，例如报表、信件和备忘录。字处理器是最灵活和广泛使用的软件工具之一,学生和研究人员用字处理器生成报表。所有类型的组织生成通讯联系他们的会员。商人生成窗体文件联系新老客户。所有类型的人和组织用字处理器生成个性化的网页A database is a collection of related data. It is the electronic equivalent of a file cabinet. A database management system (DBMS) or database manager is a program that sets up, or structures, a database. It also provides tools to enter, edit, and retrieve data from the database. All kinds of individuals use databases, from teachers recording grades to police officers checking criminal histories.数据库是相关数据的集合。它是文件柜的电子等同物。数据库管理系统（DBMS）或数据库管理器是一个建立或构造数据库的程序。它也提供工具输入、编辑、检索来自数据库的数据。各种各样的人都使用数据库，从教师记录学生的成绩到警官核查犯罪记录The arithmetic-logic unit, usually called the ALU, performs two types of operation arithmetic and logical. Arithmetic operations are, as you might expect, the fundamental math operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Logical operations consist of comparisons. That is, two pieces of data are compared to see whether one is equal to (=), less than () the other. (15 points)算术逻辑单元，通常叫做ALU，执行两种类型的运算算术的和逻辑的。象你预料的那样，算术运算是基本的数学运算：加，减，乘，除。逻辑运算由比较组成。即，两个数据块比较看是否一个数据块等于、小于或大于另一个数据块The system board is also known as the motherboard. The system board is the communications medium for the entire computer system. Every component of the system unit connects to the system board. It acts as a data path allowing the various components to communicate with one another. External devices such as the keyboard, mouse, and monitor could not communicate with the system unit without the system board系统板也叫做母版。系统板是整个系统的通信媒介。系统的每一个组件连接到系统板。他作为一个数据通道能使不同的组件与另一个组件通信。外设，例如：键盘、鼠标和显示器，（如果）没有系统板（就）不能与系统通信Networks with nodes that are in close physical proximity within the same building, for instanceare called local area networks(LANS). Typically, LANS span distances less than a mile and are owned and operated by individual organizations. LANS are widely used by colleges, universities, and other types of organizations to link microcomputers and to share printers and other resources.物理上邻近结点的网络例如，在同一个大楼叫做局域网。通常，局域网跨越的距离不超过一英里，并且由个人组织拥有和操作。局域网广泛用于学院、大学和其他组织，他们把微型机连接起来，共享打印机和其它资源An internal hard disk is located inside the system unit. For most microcomputer systems, the internal hard disk drive is designated as the C drive. It is used to store programs and large data files. For example, nearly every microcomputer uses its internal hard disk to store its operating system and major applications such as Word and Excel.内置硬盘安装在系统单元内部，对于大多数微型机系统，内置硬盘驱动器设计为C驱动器。它用于存储程序和大型数据文件。例如，几乎每一台微型计算机用它的内置硬盘存储特德操作系统和主要应用程序，例如，Word 和Excel.。Fiber-optic cable transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass. In terms of number of telephone connections, fiber optic cable has over 26,000 times the transmission capacity of twisted pair. However, it is significantly smaller. Indeed, a fiber-optic tube can be half the diameter of a human hair. Although limited in the distance they can carry information, fiber-optic cables have several advantages. Such cables are immune to electronic interference, which makes them more secure. 光缆把通过细玻璃管的光脉冲作为传输数据。电话连接就数字而言，光缆具有双绞线传输容量的26000倍。然而，它更细小。事实上，一根光线管可能是人发直径的一半。尽管载波信息受距离的限制，光缆具有几个优点。这种光缆抗电子干扰，使它们更安全。For data transmission to be successful, sending and receiving devices must follow a set of communication rules for the exchange of information. These rules for exchanging data between computers are known as protocols. The standard protocol for the Internet is TCP/IP. The essential features of this protocol involve(1) identifying sending and receiving devices and (2) reformatting information for transmission across the Internet.为了数据传输成功，发送和接受设备必须按照一套通信规则交换信息。在计算机间交换数据的这些规则教协议。因特网的标准协议是传输控制协议/因特网协议。这个协议的主要功能包括（1）确定发送和接受设备（2）重新格式化信息以便通过因特网传输。概述五、Write a abstract of operating systems and list 3-5 keywords in English. The number of abstracts words is about 50. Memory is a holding area for data, instructions, and information. Like microprocessors, memory is contained on chips connected to the system board. There are three well-known types of memory chips: random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS).RAMRandom-access memory (RAM) chips hold the program and data that the CPU is presently processing. That is, it is temporary or volatile storage.ROMRead-only memory (ROM) chips have programs built into them at the factory. Read only means that the CPU can read, or retrieve, the programs written on the ROM chip. However, the computer cannot writeencode or changethe information or instructions in ROM.CMOSA complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip provides flexibility and expandability for a computer system. It contains essential information that is required every time the computer system is turned on. Unlike ROM, its contents can be changed to reflect changes in the computer system such as increased RAM and new hardware devices.This article mainly discusses the role,types and characteristics of memory.There are three well-known types of memory chips: random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS).Keywords: RAM, ROM, CMOS, CPUOPERATING SYSTEMSAn operating system is a collection of programs that handle many of the technical details related to using a computer. In many ways, an operating system is the most important type of computer program. Without it your computer would be useless.FunctionsEvery computer has an operating system and every operating system performs a variety of functions. These functions can be classified into three groups:Managing resources: These programs coordinate all the computers resources including memory, processing, storage, and devices such as printers and monitors. They also monitor system performance, schedule jobs, provide security, and start up the computer.Providing user interface: Users interact with application programs and computer hardware through a user interface. Many older operating systems used a character-based interface in which users communicated with the operating system through written commands such as “Copy A:assign.doc to C:”. Almost all newer operating systems use a graphical user interface (GUI). As we discussed in Chapter 3, a graphical user interface uses graphical elements such as icons and windows.Running applications: These programs load and run applications such as word processors and spreadsheets. Most operating systems support multitasking, or the ability to switch between different applications stored in memory. With multitasking, you could have Word and Excel running at the same time and switch easily between the two applications.This article mainly discusses the definition and functions of the operating systems. An operating system is a collection of programs that handle many of the technical details related to using a computer.Every operating system has three functions:Managing resources, Providing user interface, Running applications.keywords : operating system , resources , user interfaceInformation systemsWhen you think of a microcomputer, perhaps you think of just the equipment itself. That is, you think of the monitor or the keyboard. Yet, there is more to it than that. The way to think about a microcomputer is