翻译技巧概览.doc

翻译技巧概览Some special devices in translationI. From the concrete and specific into the abstract and general. a. Every life has its roses and thorns. 甘苦b. Arabs rub shoulders with Jews, and have been doing so from the earliest settlement of the territories. 点头之交c. You will never work it out by that method; and you are off the track altogether. 误入歧途II. From the abstract and general into the concrete and specific. a. Vietnam was his entre to the new Administration, his third incarnation as a foreign policy consultant. 前菜b. I say this because of the bleak consensus, albeit (although) only among some in the West, about the future. 暗淡的共识Conversion of Parts of Speech1. The manager was a nervous anxious little man, always ready to cry wolf if the shop takings went down a pound or two. 2. One after another, speakers called for the down-fall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world. 3. Franklin had a deep conviction that we must learn to understand and to get on with our neighbors in this hemisphere. 4. Ordinarily a territorial claim requires physical possession of the territory by one or more explorers. 5. Nuclear warfare would leave no time for the old-style mobilization of the armed forces. Nouns Verbs1. We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it. 2. The admission of this insider brought to light the entire hypocrisy of the statement made by the representatives of the Anglo-American bloc about the defense of rights of individual freedom. 3. Japanese guests are impressed by the splendor and warmth of our reception at the airport, along the boulevard and in the Great Hall of the People. 4. There is increased demoralization. 5. Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources. 6. I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my child. 7. It was a very informative meeting. 8. This pupil is a good writer. VerbsNouns, Adj. & Adv. 1. They argue that regimes come and go, that political issues are always transient, that the Olympic spirit is transcendent. 2. Quick decision characterized him. 3. He was always smartly dressed. 4. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. Adj Verbs, Nouns and Adv. 1. It is a two-way street in politics. When you ignore people, they are going to ignore you. 2. The official said that Chinas opening to the West is a helpful policy that should be encouraged by close ties with the United States. 3. Shortly after Jimmy Carters election as President, his advisers were reported as recommending lower taxes and higher government spending. Adv. Verbs, adj. & nouns1. There are more people in India sleeping in the streets than any other place else in the world. A dominant power is dominant inherently. 2. In those years the Republicans were in. 3. Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 4. The paper said editorially that the secretary has stolen the leadership during presidents absence. Conversion of Prep. 1. Some friends and associates wanted to protect him from the White House; some, to protect him from the public; and others, to protect him from himself. 2. She has gained her masters degree from Harvards School of Education and is finally off welfare. Amplification扩大The words added in translation must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically. Thus, amplification may be classified as:a. Words added for syntactic construction b. Words added for semantic completion. 1. You got a prejudice all rightagainst a race thats black. That is way I called you white racist that night. But when you deal with a black person. I dont feel any bad vices. 2. The V sign itself is a challenge, for the famous Churchillian invention that used to mean Allied Victory is no longer valid. Instead of having to do with War, V today is made to mean peace. 3. My audience vary from tens to thousands. I expected opposition but got hardly any. 4. Long, anxious days passed, during which I hoped that Dave would see that white was not always white nor black always totally black. Time was running out: his decision could not be indefinitely postponed. 5. If one met a woman who was all man in mind, all woman in body, and all child in soulit is impossible. 6. He crashed down on a protesting chair. 7. He is over sixty years old. 8. My mother is in her seventies. 9. Her brother is thirty years old now. The Difference Between Derogatory and Commendatory贬义和褒义1. Many people think that Hitler has been one of the most ambitious politicians that history produced so far. 2. Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work. 3. The stubborn boy refused to listen to his parents advice. 4. The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people. 5. Everybody who was anybody in Labour politics turned up. 6. “She is my horse, my dog, my anything,” the male chauvinist husband said. 大男子主义，沙文主义Supply what is omitted in the original1. Histories make man wise; poets witty; the mathematician subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Absunt studia in mores.有所学皆成性格2. We recognizeand shareChinas resolve to resist the attempts of any nation which seeks to establish global or regional hegemony. 3. These problems had to be weighed up under varying, sometimes uncertain, factors. Omission遗漏省略1. We think we have freed our slaves, but we have not. We just call them by a different name. Every time people reach a certain status in life they seem to take pride in the fact that they now have a secretary. 2. Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist. 3. In the course of the same year, war broke out in that area. 4. Before the night was far advanced, they began to move against the enemy. 5. These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. Negation and Affirmation否定和肯定From affirmation to negation 1. February 7, 1915, was just another day at the Western Savings Bank in Chicago. That is, until 2:30 PM. 2. That thermometer must be lying. 3. The explanation is pretty thin. 4. Catch me ever telling him anything again. 5. It takes two to make a quarrel. 6. He seemed to be at a loss for the precise word to complete his thought. 7. He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued Mr. Smith. From negation to affirmation 1. The process is too risky not to be checked in time. 2. Knowledge about the most powerful problemsolving tool man has ever developed is too valuable not to share. 7. Dont make your conclusion before the end of the year. Special Negation. 1. All that glitters is not gold. 2. The Sectary General said that all American proposals would not be acceptable. 3. And yet, all was not lost. In London, Churchill told the House of Commons that de Gaulles conduct and bearing had made his confidence in the general greater than ever. 4. Everything is not a joke. 5. The whole city is not occupied. 6. No, everything is not straightened out. 7. But you see, we both cannot go. 8. Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same God; and each invokes his aid against the other. The prayers of both could not be answered. Wording in translation 1 The earth rotates and it revolves. They talked and talked until small hours. There are men and men. 2. The translation of “man”man and his wife officers and men Be a man!3. He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom. 4. Every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres, and restaurants. 5. a love letter a suicide letter a suicide note a “Dear John” letter a thank-you letter a letter of condolence Approaches to Translation of Adverbial Clauses.1. Again Washington became a battleground for dozens of special-interest groups. 2. I want, by understanding myself, to understand others, I want to be all that I am capable of becoming. 3. Characteristically, Mr. Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned. 4. Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable. 5. A thin and weak girl susceptible to diseases, she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will. Comparison and Contrast.比较与对比1. I found ten mistakes in as many pages. 2. He hurried away without so much as leaving an address. 3. I have not so much as heard of him much less know him. 4. AS the touchstone tries gold, so gold tries man. 5. He was more than pleased with her performance. 6. His explanation was neither more nor less than a lie. 7. No less than the president himself came to the meeting yesterday. 8. The teacher gave a detailed explanation, but the poor boy was none the wiser. Cleave the Sentence and Translate.1. There is now a single accepted pronunciation for the vast majority of words in ordinary polite use, deviation from which is regarded either as a provincialism or as a vulgarism. 2. After the war, his friend got him a job as an instructor in an Army training school that paid $10,000 a year. 3. Just then the fish gave a sudden lurch that pulled the old man down onto the bow. 4. Three rains had passed, and it was that lean season when the villages store of grain and other dried foods from the last harvest was almost gone. 5. A crashing thunderstorm, with thick rain hissing down from skies black as night, stopped Victor from leaving the White House. 6. A schoolmaster, finding such errors in a schoolboys essay, would be justly indignant. 7. Spring has so much more than speech in its unfolding flowers and leaves, and the coursing of its streams, and in its sweet restless seeking!Conversion Between Passive and Active Voice1. She hadnt been told Bettes other name, or shed forgotten it. 2. His successes were so repeated that no wonder the envious and the vanquished spoke sometimes with bitterness regarding them. 3. New Zealand had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these reported plans. 4. The visitor was flattered and impressed. 5. The Secretary was aware that final decision must be held open for the President. 6. Two factors, force and distance, are included in the units of work. 7. Account should be taken at the low melting point of this substance. English for Science and Technology1. A separation between the subject and the predicate. The robot a man so subtle that he seems to be not one but the incarnation of a winged angel, who can fly up to the skyscraper and hand in person the milk bottles to users, really a superman comes into being on the earth. 2. A network of subordinate clauses. The Theory that bacteria are serviceable in devouring contaminants, that repeated experiments have proved true and that air may be artificially purified through dissociation, that has so far been in embryo, an advanced one, prevail widely in the domain of environmental science. 3. Frequent occurrence of parenthetical elements. As a last resort, conditions permitting, we may seek at home medical service, namely, diagnosis and treatment from abroad, to use a professional terminology, telesatdiag, as compared with vis-vis consultation, say, in an ill-equipped, poorly staffed hospital, particularly, on an acute, severe or, in physicians view, unidentified case, undoubtedly a most effective therapeutic device available. 4. Inversion of principal clause and subordinate clause. Such a spick-and span branch of science that human creature might survive untimely age, being proof against diseases through immunization, and which serves to lengthen longevity and rejuvenates man from decrepit senility to vital youth, a so-claimed “age-proof science”, we have been devoting our uttermost efforts to the pursuit of, that it wins a leading role in the sphere of life science. LITERARY TRANSLATION1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. 联合起来，我们无所不能，一旦分裂，我们一切都无能为力，因为我们在意见分歧各行其是的情况下不能面对强大的挑战2. Let us never negotiate our of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. 让我们不要去讨论恐惧，而是讨论让我们如何对抗恐惧。3. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you ; ask what you can do for your country. 所以，我的美国同胞们，不要问你的国家能