辽宁学位英语完型填空整理.doc

1、Each Indian tribe had a different language. Many Indians never learned any languageexcepttheir own. Do you know how Indians from different tribestalked toeach other? They had two ways to talkwithoutsound. One way was by sign language; the other way by signals.Sign language is a way of talking by using signs. Indians used sign language when they met strangers.Inthis way, they could find out whether the stranger was a friend or an enemy. In the Indian sign language, signs were madewiththe hands. One sign meant “man”。Another meant “horse”。To tell thetimeof day when something happened, an Indian pointed to the sky. He showedwherethe sun had been at the time.Indians usually used signals when they wanted tosendmessages to someone far away.To makesignals, an Indian might use a pony. He might use a blanket. Or he might use smoke, a mirror or fire arrows.To signal that he had seen many animals, an Indian rode his ponyina large circle. Sometimes the Indian gave a signal like this and then went away tohide. Thismeantthat there was danger.The blanket signal wasvisiblefrom far away. An Indian held the corners of a blanket in his hands. Then he began to swing the blanket from sidetoside in front of him. An Indian could send many different signals with his blanket.He could also send many signals with a mirror. He usually used the mirror towarnsomeone of danger. Or he attempted to get the attention of a person far away. But he also used it to send messages in code. Of course, mirrors could be used only when thesunwas shining. At night, Indians used fire arrows for signaling.An Indian also sent signals with smoke. He made a small fire of dry wood. Then he put grass orgreenbranches on it. He held a blanket over the fire for a minute. When he removed the blanketfromthe fire, there was acloudof smoke.The numberof clouds of smoke told his message in code.Now you can see that Indians didnt need to learn each others language. They could talk to one another by using signals or sign language. -2、For most of us, it is not too difficult to correct a mistake. We say we are sorry, promise tobehavedifferently, and go on with no regrets. This is nottrue , though, of somehistorical figures whose actions failed. They probably spent theirdays feeling regret. Napoleon, for example, wasntsatisfied being Emperor of France. He wanted to rule all Europe and, for a time, seemed towin . In the end, Napoleon“met his Waterloo”. He spent the rest of his life in exile(流放)on Alba. We can onlyimagine the regret he must have feltlefton that small island. At the end of World War II, the Emperor of Japan must have regretted thebombing of Pearl Harbor(珍珠港). It brought to an end the Emperorsrole as a God to his people. It isunlikelyhe didnt not feel regret for his countrys actions when he learned of thedropping of the atomic(原子的)bomb. He had to feel regret when he had to announce his countrysdefeat to his people. In ourown country, a President left his office. President Nixon was deeply involved in(卷入) the Water Gate problem.Instead ofrevealing(揭露)the action of his men, he tried to cover up thesituation. When it was revealed there were tapesprovinghis involvement, he must have felt regret. If he had not tried to cover up the problem, he might never have had to leave office. It has beeneasy for me to correct my mistakes so far. None of my behavior has hadlasting effects. I will probably do things I will regret, but not, I hope, anything that cannot be correct or that has a serious consequence(后果)forothers .3、I spent some of the most exciting days of my life working on the eastern shores of Kenyas Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilizedremainsof our early ancestors. We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than thetracesof our own predecessors. The fossils, some quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of todays African mammals roamed the rich grassland and forestedgesbetween 1.5 million and 2 million years ago. The environment was not too differenttothe wetter grasslands of Africa today,soit was full of amazing animals that are now longextinctOne in particular Iwould have lovedto see alive was a short-necked giraffeconnectionthat had huge“antlers”, some with aspanacross the horns of close to 8ft. (almost 3 m). There were buffalo-size antelopes, carnivores thatlookedlike saber toothed lions, and at least two types of elephant. We may never know the full extent of this incredible mammaliandiversity, but there were probably more than twiceasmany species a million years ago as there are today.That was true not justaboutAfrica. The fossil record tells the samefacteverywhere. Most of lifes experiments haveendedin extinction. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 400 million years are gone. So, should we beworriedabout the current spasm痉挛of extinction, which has beensped upby the inexorable无情的expansion of agriculture and industry? I believe so. We know that the well-being of the human race isrelatedto the well-being of many other species, and we cant be sure which species are most important to our ownexistence4、I work in a company in IndiaAnd it hasbranchesin Germany and the UK, so Ifrequentlytake business trips to these places. We have a(n)traditionat the office by which anybody coming back to India from a foreign country gets chocolates for all theemployees. Naturally the chocolates are finishedin no timebecause everyone loves them andtriesto grab（抓抢）as many as possible. I had noticed that the housekeeping staff(勤杂人员)workingin our company never got totasteeven a single chocolate.Recently, I came back toIndiaafter a month-long trip from Munich and Id bought a lot of chocolates for the office staff. I called overoneof the housekeeping staff members called Babu. I gave him a box of chocolates and told him to distribute itequallyamong the housekeeping staff. His face immediately broke into a wide smile and this made mehappyBut the story doesntendhere. The best part of it a11 was that Babu actually distributed the chocolates among everyone equally,yetgiving extra chocolates to a woman who has a 5-year-old son. It was sotouchingfor me to see this. I find it reallyhardto understand how we，who have the money to buy chocolates and other goodies, do not even feel likesharingand just think how much we can grab.On the other hand, Babu, who earns only just about enough to raise his family, was sogenerousand did not even keep one extra chocolate for himself.It made methink ofone simple question: Which is better, having a little less money but being kind and generous or having lots of money but being selfish?5、Eating less may bring longer life？A study by the National Institutes of Healthshowsthat reducing calories by 30 percentappearsto slow the rate of aging in monkeys，providingnoevidence that humans might live longer by eating less.The study has shown that awell balanceddiet that includes a sharp reduction in calories caused the animals tochangea lower body temperature，a slower metabolism(新陈代谢) andfasterchanges in the biochemical markers for aging.Dr.George Roth，ascientistat the research center of the National Institute on Aging said，“This shows that what has been demonstrated in micealreadycan apply in monkeys.”“We havedonefor 70 years thatsinceyou feed laboratory mice less food，they age slower，theystaylonger and they get diseases lessfrequently，”he said.“We find that monkeys respond in the samedirectionand that the same biological changes may be inworkhere.”Dr.Roth saidotherbiochemical measurements also showed that eating less washealthyfor the monkeys.The study isgrowingand involves 200 monkeys.Dr.Roth said that the diets of the monkeys included all of therequiredvitamins and other nutrimentsbuthat half of the monkeys received about 30 percent fewer calories than areadygroup.6、The space age officially began on October 4, 1957,whenthe Soviet Union launched the modest 185pound Sputnik, the firstartificialsatellite to orbit the earth. The following month, Russians successfully launched the 1100poundSputnik,whichcarried into space the globe, a female dognamedLaika, who suffocated（窒息）on the sixth day of theflightbecause of a failureinthe internal temperature of the craft. But the satelliteitself orbited the earth for 162 days andburned upon reentering the earths atmosphere.The United States,playingsecond fiddle（小提琴）to its superpowerrival, orbited its first satellite, Explorer 1, on January 31,1958 . It was a lightweight, 18 pound craft, carrying not animals butsensitiveinstruments to study theintensebands of energy in spaceknown asthe Van Allen radiation belts. Withinthe nextfifteen years man had goneto the moon, searching beneath itsdryand dusty soil forsignof life (there werenone, and begun probing more distantspaceof the solar system?Onephysicist, Werner Von Braun, played a crucial role in this odyssey（史诗）, especially inplanningthe bold scheme for the 1969landingof three Americans on the moon.7、Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theoriescenteringon the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behaviorbecausethey were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior throughinteractionwith others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes inresponseto their failure to rise above their socioeconomic statusoras a rejection of middle-classvalues.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,ignoringthe fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimesforlack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and aresubjectto criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectlyaffectjuvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy thatleadto fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemploymentin generalmake gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may inturnlead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have alsoexperiencedchanges these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at homethanwas common in the traditional familystructure. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Otheridentifiablecauses of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increasedavailabilityof drugs and alcohol, and the growingincidenceof child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,althougha direct causal relationship has not yet been established.8、Many American vacations are asuniqueas the people who take them. Families often plan their tripswiththe kids in mind. More and more family friendly vacationresortsoffer special programs for children. History buffsseekout famous his toricalsitesand museums. Environmentalists prefer green vacations. These tripsallowthem to observe flora and fauna up-close withoutdisturbingthe sensitive balance of nature. Some people find sea cruisesrelaxingand refreshing.Othershit the water togofishing, skiing or white-water rafting. Daring souls get the thrill of a lifetime on trekkingexpeditionsand safaris in remote places from Africa to Asia.Americans arent the only people in the world whotravel.International business, mass communicationandjet airplanes havecreateda world of globetrotters. People all over the world enjoy goingabroadto travel. And no matterwherethey live, people enjoy visitingscenicspots in their own country. But being on the go makes Americanswhatthey are: peopleonthe move. In America, almost every-body is a touristsometime.9、Reptiles are the animals that live the longest. The turtles long life is legendary. Butno onehas ever been able to calculate the exactageof the turtle, and for good reason, tortoises live a lot longer thanhumansdo.According to certain ancient documents and by cross checking it would seem that the oldest turtlesfoundhave been over a century and a half old. But its quitepossiblethey can live even longer than that. Crocodiles alsohave long lives.Buttheir exact age is hard to calculate too. Scientist makes estimations basedonthe animals size because reptiles grow all their lives.In other words, the bigger it is, the older it is. So certain reptiles is probably a century old but theaveragelife-span is between 60 and 70 years. The same is true form ammals.Thebiggestare the ones that they can hope to live the longest. The elephant lives to be more than sixty years old. But itdoesntreally die of old age. In fact this mammoth has only four teeth plus two tusks, and they wearout6 over the years. When the animal becomes old its incapableofgrinding up the vegetation it needs to eat and itstarvesto death. If one day, a parrottellsyou its 100 years old, dont believe it. Parrots live to be fifty years old which is a very good age for abird. Crows also live a long time, the animals that livethe longestare always those that areraisedin captivity. In other words taking care of and not indanger, but which is better, to live a long time caged up or a little less long butfree?10、The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as (an)substitutefor a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, itfulfillsa variety of functions in human life。The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at theexpenseof leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest.Attractedby what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directlyidentifythemselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about theprevalenceof violence in the media and itspotentialharm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new mediaemerged, such as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these media,along withtelevision,promptpublic concern and research attention。Another large societal concern on our young generationimposedby the media, is body image.Externalforces can influence body image positively or negatively.Forone, societal and cultural norms and mass media marketingimpactour concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images ofstandardizedbeauty fill magazines and newspapers,beamfrom our televisions and entertain usatthe movies. Even in advertising, the mass mediaplayon accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented withnarrowlydefined standard of attractiveness, a(n)idealthat carries unrealistic physical expectations。11.Telecommuting-substitutingthecomputerforthetriptothejob-has been consideredasasolutiontoallkindsofproblemsrelatedtoofficework.Forworkersitpromisesfreedomfromtheoffice,lesstimewastedintraffic,andhelpwithchild-careconflicts.Formanagement,telecommutinghelpskeephighperformersonboard,minimizestardinessandabsenteeismbyeliminatingcommutes,allowsperiodsofsolitudeforhigh-concentrationtasks,andprovidesschedulingflexibility.Insomeareas,suchasSouthernCaliforniaandSeattle,Washington,localgovernmentsareencouragingcompaniestostarttelecommutingprogramsinordertoreducerush-hourcongestionandimproveairquality.Butthesebenefitsdonotcomeeasily.Makingatelecommutingprogramworkrequirescarefulplanningandanunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweentelecommutingrealitiesandpopularimages.Manyworkersareseducedbyrosyillusionsoflifeasatelecommuter.AcomputerprogrammerfromNewYorkCitymovestothetranquilAdirondackMountainsandstaysincontactwithherofficeviacomputer.Amanagercomesintohisofficethreedaysaweekandworksathometheothertwo.Anaccountantstayshometocareforhersickchild;shehooksuphertelephonemodernconnectionsanddoesofficeworkbetweencallstothedoctor.Thesearepowerfulimages,buttheyarealimitedreflectionofreality.Telecommutingworkerssoonlearnthatitisalmostimpossibletoconcentrateonworkandcareforayoungchildatthesametime.Beforeacertainage,youngchildrencannotrecognize,muchlessrespect,thenecessaryboundariesbetweenworkandfamily.Additionalchildsupportisnecessaryiftheparentistogetanyworkdone.Managementtoomustseparatethemythfromthereality.Althoughthemediahaspaidagreatdealofattentiontotelecommutinginmostcasesitistheemployeessituation,nottheavailabilityoftechnologythatprecipitatesatelecommutingarrangement.12.I had offered to watch my 3-year-old daughter, Ramanda, so that my wife could go out with a friend. I was getting some work done while Ramandaappearedto be having a good time in the other room. No proble