延续性动词与非延续性动词

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,如：for 2 years，for a long time; since从句, 如：since he came here; since+时间点名词, 如：since last year, since 5 days ago; how long等。请看例句1.He has lived here for 6 years.请看例句2.You can keep the book for 5 days.请看例句3.I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.请看例句4.How long did you stay there last year?请看例句5.My brother has joined the army for two years（误）My brother has been a soldier for two years .（正）我哥哥自1999年就参军了。请看例句6.My brother has joined the army since 1999（误）My brother has been a soldier since 1999 (正)你哥哥参军多久了？请看例句7.How long has your brother joined the army ？（误）How long has your brother been a soldier ？ （正）二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin(start), finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock;请看例句He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。请看例句1.I havent left here for 3 years.请看例句2.I havent heard from him for 3 weeks.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave be away离开;borrow keep借;buy have买;begin/start be on开始/上演;die be dead;finish end stop be over结束/完成;join be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构；open/close sth keep sth open/closed；fall ill be ill；get up be up；catch get a cold have a cold感冒；come here be here；go there be there；become be成为；come back be back；fall asleep be asleep睡着；get to/ arrive/reach be (in)；leave be away from；get to know know；go (get) out be out；put on wear；catch a cold have a cold; go to school be in schoolbe a student上学; go abroad be abroad去国外; marry be married（to）结婚; wake up be awake 醒; make friends with be friends with成为/交朋友; lose be lost be missing be gone 丢失; lose ones job work be out of work a job等。请看例句1.The old man died 4 years ago. The old man has been dead for 4 years. It is 4 years since the old man died. Four years has passed since the old man died.请看例句2.He joined the Party 2 years ago. He has been in the Party for 2 years.He has been a Party member for 2 years.请看例句3. He joined the army 5 years ago. He has been in the army for 5 years. He has served in the army