2015高考英 完形填空巧用上下文语境

第一篇语言知识及应用第一节巧用上下文语境 所谓语境 就是指文章的上下文 高考完形填空试题中 语境题是考查考生感知语言材料时所具备的基础知识 阅读能力 思维判断能力的综合性试题 要求考生在解答试题时 以语篇为根本 根据试题所处的语言环境来作出正确的判断与选择 该类题型着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析 推理 判断的能力 在高考完形填空试题中 语境题所占比例最大 约在50 以上 考查对具体语境的理解是近几年全国各省市高考完形填空的最大特点 充分体现了高考 突出语境 淡化语法 的改革思路和命题精神 例1Bodylanguageisthequiet secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall Itspeaks 1 thanwords Accordingtospecialists ourbodiessendoutmore 2 thanwerealize Infact non verbalcommunication 非言语交际 takesupabout50 ofwhatwereally 3 Andbodylanguageisparticularly 4 whenweattempttocommunicateacrosscultures 文化 Whatiscalledbodylanguageissomuch apartofusthatit sactuallyoftenunnoticed Andmisunderstandingsoccurasaresultofit 一 根据上文语境考查下文语境 1 A straighterB louderC harderD further2 A sandsB invitationsC feelingsD messages3 A hopeB receiveC discoverD mean4 A immediateB misleadingC importantD difficult 1 解析 根据上文 Bodylanguageisthequiet secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall 可知 答案 B2 解析 根据上文 Itspeaks 1 thanwords 及下文 Infact non verbalcommunicationtakesupabout50 ofwhatwereally 3 可知 答案 D 3 解析 根据上文 Itspeaks 1 thanwords Accordingtospecialists ourbodiessendoutmore 2 thanwerealize 可知 答案 D4 解析 根据上文 Bodylanguageisthequiet secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall 可知 答案 C 例2AroundtwentyyearsagoIwaslivinginYork ThoughIhadalotofexperienceandaMaster sdegree Icouldnotfindsatisfyingwork Iwasdrivingaschoolbustomakeendsmeetandlivingwithafriendofmine forIhadlostmyflat Ihadattendedfiveinterviews 面试 withacompanyandonedaybetweenbusrunstheycalledtosayIdidnotgetthejob Whyhasmylifebecomeso Ithoughtpainfully A hardB busyC seriousD short 根据上文 Icouldnotfindsatisfyingwork tomakeendsmeetandlivingwithafriendofmine forIhadlostmyflat Ihadattendedfiveinterviews 面试 withcompanyand theycalledtosayIdidnotgetthejob 可知 生活艰难 hard A 例1Iwasn ttheonlyone new atthegame soIdecidedto onlearningthegame domybestateachpracticesession andnotbetoohardonmyselfforthethingsIdidn tknow justyet A focusB actC relyD try 二 利用下文语境考查上文语境 根据下文 domybestateachpracticesession 可知作者下定决心学好篮球 把精力都集中在学习篮球上 故选A focuson 把精力集中到 上 acton 按照 而行动 relyon 依赖 tryon 试穿 四个选项中只有focuson才能和learningthegame连用 A 例2Bodylanguageisthequiet secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall Forexample differentsocietiestreatthe 1 betweenpeopledifferently NorthernEuropeansusuallydonotlikehaving 2 contact 接触 evenwithfriends certainlynotwithstrangers PeoplefromLatinAmericancountriesontheotherhand toucheachotherquitealot Therefore it spossiblethatinconversationitmaylooklikeaLatinois 3 aNorwegianallover theroom TheLatino tryingtoexpressfriendship willkeepmoving 4 TheNorwegian veryprobablyseeingthisaspushiness willkeepbackingawaywhichtheLatinowillinreturnregardascoldness 1 A tradeB distanceC connectionsD greetings2 A eyeB verbal C bodilyD telephone3 A disturbingB helpingC guidingD following4 A closerB fasterC inD away 1 解析 根据下文 NorthernEuropeansusuallydonotlikehaving 2 contact toucheachotherquitealot 可知 应选distance 答案 B2 解析 根据下文 PeoplefromLatinAmericancountriesontheotherhand toucheachotherquitealot 可知 指身体的 bodily 接触 答案 C 3 解析 根据下文 TheLatino tryingtoexpressfriendship whichtheLatinowillinreturnregardascoldness 可知 句意 因此 在谈话时 就有可能看起来好像一个Latino跟着 following 一个Norwegian在屋里团团转 答案 D4 解析 根据下文 TheNorwegian veryprobablyseeingthisaspushiness 可知 应选closer 答案 A 例1AlfredNobelbecameamillionaireandchangedthewaysofmining construction andwarfareastheinventorofdynamite 炸药 thearticleread Dr AlfredNobel whobecame byfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore diedyesterday Nobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneyto A famousB sickC richD popular 三 考查对上下文语境的综合理解 由首句 becameamillionaire 和后文 givethelargestpartofhismoney 可知 此空应选C C 例2Thedegreeofsimilaritybetweenthepotentialhelperandthepersoninneedisalsoimportant Forexample peoplearemorelikelytohelpastrangerwhoisfromthesamecountryratherthanaforeigner Inonestudy shoppersonabusystreetinScotlandweremorelikelytohelpapersonwearinga n T shirtthanapersonwearingaT shirtprintedwithoffensivewords A expensiveB plainC cheapD strange 根据上文 Thedegreeofsimilaritybetweenthepotentialhelperandthepersoninneedisalsoimportant 及下文 thanapersonwearingaT shirtprintedwithoffensivewords 可知 应选与offensivewords相对的plain 素色的 无装饰的 朴素的 B 利用上下文语境解答下列完形填空题 一 Justsittinginthewheelchairwasalearningexperience Itriedtofinda 1 positionandthoughtitmightberestful justkindofnice tobe 2 aroundforawhile Lookingaround I 3 Iwouldhavetohandlethethingmyself 即学即练 1 A flexibleB safeC startingD comfortable2 A shownB pushedC drivenD Guided3 A realizedB suggestedC agreedD admitted 1 解析 根据上文 sittinginwheelchair 可知此处意为 我试着找一个比较舒服的姿势 答案 D2 解析 根据上文中的wheelchair可知选pushed bepushedaround表示 被别人推着到处转转 答案 B3 解析 根据上文 restful justkindofnice 及下文 Iwouldhavetohandlethethingsmyself 可知作者意识到 realize 事情并不像自己想的那样 答案 A 二 IfellinlovewithYosemiteNationalParkthefirsttimeIsawit WhenIwas13 myparentstookusthereforcamping Onthewayout IaskedthemtowaitwhileIranuptoElCapitan ahugerockof3 300feetstraightup ItouchedthatgiantrockandknewimmediatelyIwantedtoclimbit Thathasbeenmylife spassion 钟爱 eversince therocksandmountainsofYosemite I velongmadeYosemitemyhome Asarock climbingguide Iknewnothingaboutorganizinganybigevent Butin2004 togetherwithsomeclimbers A imaginingB paintingC describingD climbing 解析 根据上文 ItouchedthatgiantrockandknewimmediatelyIwantedtoclimbit 及下文 Asarock climbingguide 可知 从那时以来 攀岩 climbing 和爬山成了我的钟爱 答案 D 三 Ruleshelpuslivetogetherinharmony becausetheyshowustherightwaytotreatothers However somepeoplearguethatrulesmaybe havingobservedthatruleschangeallthetime andthatsomeschoolshavesomeregulationsandothershavedifferentones sowhoistodecidewhatisright A disgustingB confusingC unsafeD unimportant 解析 根据下文 ruleschangeallthetime andthatsomeschoolshavesomeregulationsandothershavedifferentones sowhoistodecidewhatisright 可知应选confusing 令人困惑的 答案 B 四 Butthephonedidn twork andwhenhetriedtogodowntheoutdoorstairway hewas 1 byawallofflames Sibsonrealizedhewastrapped 困住 Sibson shousewasthreekilometers 2 themainroadandwas