unit 1 technology in reverse

Unit1TechnologyinReverse ByRobertJ Samuelson Happy2007 2008SchoolYear RandyLiu Objectives 1 Leadd inExercises2 TextExplanations1 GeneralAnalysisoftheTextOrganization2 QuestionsandDiscussion3 LanguageWork languagepoints Word formation exercises4 Writingstrategies5 Homework Leadd inExercises Talkaboutthefollowingquestions Whatkindoftechnologyhasimpressedyoumostsofar Howhasmoderntechnologyinfluencedourlives DoexerciseIandIIonpp 5 6 GeneralAnalysisofTextOrganization Thepassagebeginswiththeauthor sdefinitionoftheterm retardedtechnology thatisexemplifiedbysometechnology inspiredwasteandexpensiveness Thenheexploressomepro technologyreasonsthatarenotneed based Whatheisconcernedwithistheprevailingmisuseoftechnologythatisordainedbyouregoandmoney Thewholepassagemayfollowintothreeparts thefirstparagraphfunctionsasthefirstpart introducingwhatisretardedtechnologybyemployingcontrasttoadvancedtechnology thesecondpartmayincludeparagraphs2 9 inwhichtheauthorfirstexemplifiesthewasteandexpensivenessofretardedtechnology thenheoffersusthereasonsforthesurvivalofstupidtechnology ouregoandmoney thelasttwoparagraphsactasthethirdpart inwhichtheauthoradvisesustoberationaltowardscostlyretardedtechnologybyusinganothercontrast QuestionsandDiscussion Para11 Letmeintroduceyoutoretardedtechnology Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthesentence Theauthorimpliesthattechnologymaynotalwayspushtheworldahead andthatitsometimesholdsidback 2 Retardedtechnologyvs advancedtechnology3 Doestheauthorapproveordisapproveofalltechnology Why Disapprove Becauseheclassifiestechnologyintotwocategories advancedtechnology and retardedtechnology 4 Whatisthetoneoftheessay todiscussthemisconceptionandmisuseoftechnology5 madewasterespected elaborate alluringandevenfun Inwhichparagraphcanyoufindtheexamplesof waste inthissentence Paragraph7 Paras2 4 1 Newsweekreportedaboominelectronicbooks NewsweekTheInternationalNewsmagazine 2 Here saswellideaofretardedtechnology Thefollowingsentencesareobviouslydisadvantagesofretardedtechnology butwhytheword swell isusedinthissentence toshowtheauthor swrytoneofwritingthisessay 3 Readparagraph3andthenconcludetheauthorismakinghiscomparisonsintermsof cost mobility fragilityanddurability 4 Losingitisnotatraumatizing Evenifyouloseit youwon tbetooupset 5 Inpara4 Talkaboutthefollowingquestions bottleneck problem Whatistheproblemthecomputercreates Theauthordiscusseshisviewintwoperspectives arithmeticandcommonsense Talkwithyourpeersabouthowtheauthorarguesagainstthepro technologycomeback oncomputerizedlibraries Whatdoesthequestionattheendoftheparagraphmean ItmeansDomostpeoplereallyneedtobeabletoreadallthematerialsintheNewYorkPublicLibrary Para5 1 Readthefirstsentenceofthispara Theauthorisusinganexampletoargue technologyracingbackward Describethemeaningoftheexampletoclass 2 Readthelastsentence Thevideocostsmoreanddoesless Discusswhattechniquetheauthorusestohelphimcometothisconclusion Para6 1 Askthestudentstoreadthewholeparagraphandthenjudgethefollowingstatementswhethertheyaretrueorfalse 1 Theauthordeniesthattechnologymaynotbeallthatbad butexpresseshisdoubtaboutthepro technologytheory 2 Theauthoracknowledgesthattechnologymaynotbeallthatbad butexpresseshisdoubtaboutthepro technologytheory 3 Theauthoracknowledgesthattechnologymaynotbeallthatgood butexpresseshisbeliefinthepro technologytheory F T F 2 Paraphrasethefollowingsentence Oursisanareaofconspicuoustechnologicalupheaval Butthepurportedgainsofnewtechnology risingincomes greaterproductivity seemtoeludeus Itisobviousthattechnologyinmodernagehasbroughtgreatchanges Nevertheless wehavenotyetbenefitedfromthesupposedgainsofnewtechnology risingincomeandgreaterproductivity seemtoeludeus arebeyondourreach 3 Askthestudentstodiscussthemeaningof theparadox Itmeansthatnewtechnologyissupposedtobringaboutbenefitstousbutinrealitysomeofthemseemtoeludeus 4 Talkaboutthemeaningof whosefullbenefitswillsoonburstuponus whichwillunexpectedlyproduceadvantageousimpactonus Para7 Paraphrasethefollowingsentences a Technologyisoftenmisusedbecausethereasonspeopleembraceitcanbefairlyfrivolous Peopleoftenusetechnologyinawrongwaybecausethereasonspeopleeagerlyacceptitcanberatherfoolish b Genuinethoughtisdiscouraged Thesamethought deadeningprocessafflictsAmericanmanagers Creativethoughtisnotappreciated Americanmanagershavebeentroubledbythefactthatindependentandactivethinkinggiveswaytodumbnumbers Discusstheideasinthefirstfoursentences Heclassifiestechnologicalinnovationsaseitherusefulorwasteful Whyuseful PlentifulandrealgainsWhywasteful Therearethreereasons noneofwhicharebasedonourneeds a Hallmark afamousgreetingcardcompanyintheUnitedStatesofAmerican Honolulu 港口名称 中文 火奴鲁鲁 檀香山 港口名称 英文 国家 美国航线 北美时区 13 16港口情况描述 概述港口名称 火奴鲁鲁所属国家 美国自然条件该港属热带雨林气候 盛行东北风 平均气温1月为23 7月为27 最热和最冷月份的平均温差为9 或更小 每年6 11月偶受热带风暴和飓风的袭击 在冬季经常发生强风暴雨 油船系泊区可能在数天内不能使用 全年平均降雨量约1400毫米 港西9 5公公里处的珍珠港是美国在太平洋上的重要海军基地 夏威夷是驰名世界的火山岛 风景优美 也是旅游胜地 港口有大型国际机场 主要航空公司都有班机 是一个重要的国际航空站 港区分布及泊位情况本港外有岛屿作屏障 是一个天然良港 港域面积22平方公里 港内为两大港池 有很多突堤及顺岸码头 港区主要码头泊位有23个 岸线长4252米 最大水深为12 2米 装卸机械及能力装卸设备有各种岸吊 集装箱吊 装载塔 拖船及滚装设施等 其中集装箱吊最大起重能力为45吨 还有直径为300 750毫米的输油管供装卸使用 仓储堆场及能力 平均潮差为0 6米 港口位置位于美国夏威夷州的瓦胡岛的东南沿海 地处太平洋的北部 是夏威夷州的最大港口 它是夏威夷的首府 华人称 檀香山 它不仅是全州的政治和经济中心 而且是太平洋上重要的海空交通枢纽 战略位置特别重要 大多数横渡太平洋的船只都要进港靠泊 主要工业有 主要工业有制糖 菠萝罐头 石油提炼 水泥 钢筋 炼铝及服装等 港西9 5公公里处的珍珠港是美国在太平洋上的重要海军基地 夏威夷是驰名世界的火山岛 风景优美 也是旅游胜地 港口有大型国际机场 主要航空公司都有班机 是一个重要的国际航空站 港区分布及泊位情况本港外有岛屿作屏障 是一个天然良港 港域面积22平方公里 港内为两大港池 有很多突堤及顺岸码头 港区主要码头泊位有23个 岸线长4252米 最大水深为12 2米 装卸机械及能力装卸设备有各种岸吊 集装箱吊 装载塔 拖船及滚装设施等 其中集装箱吊最大起重能力为45吨 还有直径为300 750毫米的输油管供装卸使用 仓储堆场及能力 b MountEverestEffect theexpressionliterallyindicatescertaineffectspeoplewouldexperiencewhenclimbingthemountain suchasbreathingdifficulties Heretheauthorisreferringtoitssubtlepsychologicaleffect Asthehighestmountainintheworld itrepresentstheultimatechallengeformountainclimbers andsymbolicallyachallengeforthosewhoarereadytotryorseesomethingnewandexciting Theirreadinesstotrysomethingexcitingisnotbasedonpracticalneeds butisforitsownsake i e forthesatisfactiontheycanderivefromtheaccomplishmentofsuchatask justastheauthorputsit We reclimbingthatmountainbecauseit sthere c thought deadeningprocess theprocessthatinhibitsactiveandindependentthinking Para8 Paraphrasethefollowingsentence Thesurvivalofstupidtechnologyisordainedbyegoandmoney Thereasonwhysuchstupidtechnologycansurvivehastodowithpeople sself esteemandmoney Talkaboutthefunctionsofthisparagraph furtherexploresthereasonwhypeoplearefrivolousaboutretardedtechnology Discusswhytheauthorsays thesurvivalofstupidtechnologyisordainedbyegoandmoney Becauseinvestorsneedtoupholdtheirpositiveimagesininvestmentdecisionandtogainprofitfromtheirinvestments theyeliminatetheoldandinexpensivewaysofdoingthingstohelppaytheretardedtechnology Para9 Talkaboutthefollowing Theauthoristalkingabouthis certaintyofordoubton therelationshipbetweenretardedtechnologywithproductivity decreaseorincrease andmarriage what Inwhattoneistheauthortryingtoexpressthethingmentionedabove Talkaboutyouropinionsaboutwhetherornotyoubelievecellularphonecouldimprovepeople smarriagesandsavestheir familyvalues Paras10 11 Towhichparagraphispara 10related Inwhatway Whatistheconnotationof Itshouldbeasmashingsuccess Note 1 thewaythelasttwoparasareconnected 2 concludingandechoingtechniques thebeatgoeson Para2 Itshouldbeasmashingsuccess Para1 Newton 按 Apple公司于1993年推出的Newton可以算是掌上电脑的开始 Newton功能强大 可上网 可与PC机和Mac机同步 能手写识别 Thetwoconcludingparasreturntothearithmetictroublewithretardedtechnologywithself evidenttruth astandardnotebookisfarsimplerandcheaperthan personaldigitalassistants whenperformingthesamefunction Thelastsentenceisanirony WhattheauthorreallymeansisthattechnologicallyaNewtonpersonaldigitalassistantcouldbeanimpressivesuccess butonlyintermsofmoney Itactuallyreinforcesthestatement Retardedtechnologycreatesnewandexpensivewaysofdoingthingsthatwereoncedonesimplyandinexpensively LanguagweWork languagepoints Paragraph1retarded inreverse returningtosthworse Retardliteralymeans todelaythedevelopmentofsth ortomakesthhappenmoreslowlythanexpected eg 1 Coldweatherretardsthegrowthofmanyplants 2 mentally emotionallyretarded lessintelligentthanotherpeoplebecauseofslowermentaldevelopment3 Ariseininterestrateswouldseverelyretardeconomicgrowth 4 Severeirondeficiencycancausedevelopmentaldelayandgrowthretardation Paragraph21 customized madeaccordingtouser sneeds customize tochangesthtomakeitmoresuitabelforyou ortomakeitlookspecialorunusualeg Theprogramallowscomputeruserstocustomizethemenu 该程序允许电脑用户自定义菜单 custom made custom built madeforaparticularpersoncustomary thatisthewayisusuallydoneeg Itiscustomaryforsbtodosth itisthecustomforsbtodosthItiscustomaryforthemostimportantpersontositattheendofthetable 按惯例 最重要的人坐首席 2 cloggedwithsand blockedwithsandclog up sthwitheg Theroadswerecloggedwithtraffic 路上交通阻赛 Eatingtoomuchfatcausesyourarteriestoclogup clog n ashoemadeofwood木屐cleverclogs BrEspokenusedtodescribesbwhoisannoyingbecausetheyarealwaysrightorthinktheyareright Eg Allright cleverclogs we lldoityourway 好了 聪明的家伙 我们就按你的方式办 popone sclogs BrEhumoroustodie Paragraph3Losingitisnotatraumatizingevent Evenifyouloseit youwon tbetoounset traumatize tomakesbsoshockedbysththatheisunabletoforgetitortocontinuehislifeasnormal Eg Shewascompletelytraumatizedbythedeathofhermother traumatic adjatraumaticexperienceissoshockingandupsettingthatitaffectssbforalongtimeeg Don tyoufindexamstraumatic trauma averyunpleasantandupsettingexperience amentalstateofextremeshock aninjury notethewayoftransitionfromPara2toPara3 Paragraph41 Aschoollibrarywithonecomputerterminalthatcancallup200 000bookscanserveonlyonereaderatatime callup ifonecallsupinformationonacomputer onemakesthecomputershowittohim access thewaybywhichonecanenterabuildingorreachaplace therighttoenteraplacehaveaccesstoaphone acomputeretc haveatelephone computeretcnearsbwhichhecanuseaccess vtofindinformation esp onacomputeraccessibleaccessibilityeg Thetaxinspectorhadcompleteaccesstothecompanyfiles Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivetheuserquickandeasyaccesstotherequiredinformation Theresortiseasilyaccessiblebyroad railandair Twonewroadsarebeingbuilttoincreaseaccessibilitytothetowncenter Paragraph51 Inmybusiness we rebombardedwithpressreleasesforproducts Inmybusiness wereceiveanoverwhelmingnumberofpressreleasesforproducts Bombard toattackaplacebyfiringalotofgunsorthrowingbombscontinuouslyatit tocontinueaskingsbalotofquestionscriticizinghim orgivingthemalotofimformationatonce Eg Bothleaderswerebombardedwithquestionsfromthepress 两位领导人都遭到新闻记者连珠炮似的提问 bombardierbombardmenteg Theuseofmodernweaponshasmadeitmoredifficulttoprotectciviliansfromaerialbombardment Paragraph6Butthepurportedgainsofnewtechnologyseemtoeludeus Itseemsthatthegainsthatnewtechnologyissupposedtoofferusarefarbeyondoutreach Purport purporttobe bepurportedtobeformaltoclaimtobesth andgiveimpressionthatitistrue evenifitisnot声称是 据称是 像是 Eg Theypurporttorepresentthewishesofthemajorityofparentsattheschool purport n U formalthegeneralmeaningofwhatsbsays 某人言论的 主旨 大意eg Thepurportofherremarkswasclear Elude a toescapefromsborsth esp bytrickingthemEg Thefleetingrebelsmanagedtoeludetheirpursuers b ifsththatyouwanteludesyou youfailtofindorachieveit Eg Theyhadminorbreakthroughsbutrealsuccesseludedthem c ifafactortheanswertoaproblemeludesyou youcannotrememberorsolveit Eg Iknowwhoyoumeanbuthernameeludesme elusive difficulttounderstand achieve findetceg Themeaningofthepoemwassomewhatelusive elusiveness Paragraph71 Offset offset offsettingifsthsuchasacostorsumofmoneyoffsetsanothercost sumetcorisoffsetagainstit ithasanoppositeeffectsothatthesituationremainsthesame 补偿 抵消beoffsetbyeg In1992thecostofthelayoffswasoffsetbythesavingsonthepayroll 在1992年 裁员成本费用因工薪总额的减少而得以弥补 offsetsthagainststheg Hewasabletooffsethistravelexpensesagainsttax 他用旅费抵消了他的税 tomakesthlookbetterbybeingclosetoitanddifferent忖托出eg Streaksofblondinhishairoffsethisdeeptan 他头发中的几缕金发忖托出他黝黑的肤色 2 Technologyisoftenmisusedbecausethereasonspeopleembraceitcanbefairlyfrivolous Peopleoftenusetechnologyinawrongwaybecausethereasonspeopleeagerlyacceptitcanberatherfoolish Embrace a toputyourarmsaroundsbandholdtheminafriendlyorlovingwayEg Sheembracedhersongenderly b formaltoincludesthaspartofasubject discussionetcEg Linguisticsembracesadiverserangeofsubjectssuchasphoneticsandstylistics c formaltoacceptandusenewideas opinionsetceagerlyEg Howoldwereyouwhenyouembracedfeminism d formaltostarttobelieveinareligionorpoliticalsystemEg SheembracedtheMuslimfaith Frivolous notseriousorsensible frivolity lackofseriousorsensiblethoughtorbehaviorEg Yourfrivolityisoutofplaceonsuchasolemnoccasion frivolities plural sillyoramusingactionsorwords unimportantorunnecessarythingseg Studentlifeshouldbemorethanpartiesandotherfrivolities 学生生活不应该仅仅是聚会和其他无关紧要的活动 Iamfartoobusytowastetimeonfrivolitieslikegoingtothecinema exult formaltoshowthatyouareveryhappyandproud esp becauseyouhavesucceededindoingsthexultat insth exultoversbeg Theyexultedattheirvictory Thepeopleexultedovertheirfallenenemies 人们为击败敌人而欢欣鼓舞 exultationexultantadjformalveryhappyorproud espbecauseyouhavesucceededindoingstheg Exultantcrowdsweredancinginthestreets Paragraph8LanguagePoints Thesurvivalofstupidtechnologyisordainedbyegoandmoney Thereasonwhysuchstupidtechnologycansurvivehastodowithpeople sself esteemandmoney Ordain a toofficiallymakesomeoneapriestorreligiousleaderordainsb as stheg Paulsonwasordaineddeacon 保尔森被任命为执事牧师 b formaltoorderthatsthshouldhappeneg Thelawsordainedthatthemurdersshallbehanged ordination theactorceremonymakingsbapriestinstitutionalized thathashappenedforsolonginanorganizationorsocietythatithasbecomeacceptedasnormal institution a alargeestablishmentororganizatinthathasparticularkindofworkorpurposeeg Afinancialinstitutionb alargebuildingwhereoldpeopleororphansliveandarelookedafgerbyanofficialorganization aneuphemisticexpressionformentalhospitaleg Theatmosphereoftheinstitutionwasratherimpersonal 这家养老院缺乏人情味 c anestablishedsystemorcustominsocietyeg Theinstitutionofmarriaged theactofstartingorintroducingasystem ruleetc开创 制定eg Theyapprovedtheinstitutionofanewlaw 他们同意制定一部新法律 e humoroustobesowellknowninaplacethatyouseemtobeapermanentpartofit 在某地为人所熟知的人 Eg BillTuckerhasbeenthepostmaninourvillagefor40years He sbecomesomethingofaninstitution 比尔 塔克在我们村里做邮递员有40年了 他已成为我们村的知名人物 Paragraph91 subsidy moneythatispaidbyagovernmentororganizatontomakepriceslower reducethecostofproducinggoodsetcinternationaldisagreementovertradesubsidies有关贸易补贴的国际纠纷subsidizeeg Farmingispartlysubsidizedbythegovernment subsidizersubsidizationsubsidiary adjconnectedwith butlessimportantthan themainplain subject eventetc附属的 次要的eg Tpanythatisownedorcontrolledbyanothercompany子公司eg asubsidiaryofaUSparentcompany美国母公司的一家子公司 Word formation Para1retarded retard retardationeg mentally emotionallyretarded Ariseininterestrateswouldseverelyretardeconomicgrowth Para3Thenounformsofsuchadjectivesasmobile fragileanddurable Mobile fragilityanddurabilityTraumatizing veryshockingandupsettingforalongterm Traumatize traumatizedmeaningupset traumatic Eg Don tyoufindexamstraumatic Para4Pro technology infavoroftechnology1 pro infavorof supporting pro American亲美的 反义词anti Usage IninformalspokenEnglishproissometimesusedasapreposition Eg Sheisveryprothepresentgovernment 极其赞成现政府 2 pros n infmlforPROFESSIONAL 专门职业者 aprofootballer3 prosandcons thereasonsforandagainstsomething4 PRO apublicrelationsofficer 公关人员 公关主任accesstosth haveaccesstosthaccessible Theresortiseasilyaccessiblebyroad railandair accessibility Tworoadsarebeingbuilttoincreaseaccessibilitytothetowncenter Para9subsidy moneythatispaidbyagovernmentororganizationtomakepriceslower reducethecostofproducinggoodsetcinternationaldisagreementovertradesubsidies有关贸易补贴的国际纠纷subsidiz