土木工程专业英语词汇集锦

.土木工程专业英语词汇( 整理版 )第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 finite element method有限单元法2 专业英语 specialty english3 水利工程 hydraulic engineering4 土木工程 civil engineering5 地下工程 underground engineering6 岩土工程 geotechnical engineering7 道路工程 road (highway) engineering8 桥梁工程 bridge engineering9 隧道工程 tunnel engineering10 工程力学 engineering mechanics 11 交通工程 traffic engineering12 港口工程 port engineering 13 安全性 safety17 木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure 19 混凝土结构 concrete structure 20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢 -混 凝 土 复 合 结 构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete 24 钢 筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构 statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure 30 近海工程 offshore engineering31 静力学 statics32 运动学 kinematics 33 动力学 dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing 36 弹性力学 elasticity37 塑性力学 plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学 fracture mechanics 40 土力学 soil mechanics41 水力学 hydraulics;.42 流体力学 fluid mechanics 43 固体力学 solid mechanics 44 集中力 concentrated force 45 压 力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体 力 body force 49 重 力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending moment 52 扭 矩 torque53 应力 stress54 应变 stain55 正应力 normal stress 56 剪应力 shearing stress 57 主应力 principal stress 58 变 形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量挠度 deflection 61 沉降 settlement62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress 65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis 66 梁 beam67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure 72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure 73 承载力 load-bearing capacity74 水 位 water height 75 位 移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics 78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪 level80 学科 discipline81 子学科 sub-discipline 82 期 刊 journal ,periodical 83 文献 literature84 国际标准刊号 issn international standard serial number 85 国际标准书号 isbn international standard book number86 卷 volume87 期 number88 专著 monograph89 会议论文集 proceeding90 学位论文 thesis, dissertation 91 专 利 patent92 档案 档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis 96 博士研究生 doctorate student 97 研究生 postgraduate98 工程索引 ei engineering index99 科学引文索引 sci science citation index100 科学 技术会议论文集索引istp index to science and tec hnology proceedings101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104 参考文献 reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 subject107 关键字 keyword108 美国土木工程师协会 asce american society of civil engineers 109 联邦公路总署 fhwa federal highway administration110 国际标准组织 iso international standard organization 111 解析方法 analytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction115 规范 specification, code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学5.cyclic loading周期荷载6.unloading卸载7.reloading再加载8. iscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基9. iscous damping粘滞阻尼10.shear modulus剪切模量11.soil dynamics土动力学12. stress path应力路径13. numerical geotechanics数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater地下水 groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4. secondary minerals次生矿物5. landslides滑坡6. bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9. cobble卵石10. gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18. silty clay粉质粘土19. silt粉土20. sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29. soft clay软粘土30. expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31. peat泥 炭 32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.issmge=international society for soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1. darcy s law达西定律2. piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流） 7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3. effective stress有效应力4. total stress总应力5. field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6. low activity低活性7. sensitivity灵 敏 度 8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13. contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14. concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土） 21.dead load =sustained load恒 载 持 续 荷 载 22.live load活载23. short term transient load短期瞬时荷载24. long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折 算 荷 载 26.settlement沉降27. deformation变形28. casing套管29.dike=dyke堤 （ 防 ） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31. physical properties物理性质32. subgrade路基33. well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38. major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39. mohr-coulomb failure condition摩尔- 库仑破坏条件40.fem=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数46.compression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总 应 力 51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave（基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻 型 ）10 deep well point深 井 点 11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七 . 深 基 础 -deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)castin-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2) belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3) precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4) steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5) prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3. diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4. friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7. wave equation analysis波动方程分析8. pile caps承台（桩帽）9. bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力10. lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11. ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12. static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15. high-rise pile cap高桩承台16. vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17. silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21. efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（）22. efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28. pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29. pile spacing桩距30. pile plan桩位布置图31. arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32. group action群桩作用33. end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36. pile driving(by vibration)（振动）打桩37. pile pulling test拔桩试验38. pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结 consolidation1.terzzaghis consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.barraon s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.biots consolidation theory比 奥 固 结 理 论 4.over consolidation ration (ocr)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主 固 结 10.secondary consolidation次 固 结 11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14. time factor tv时间因子15. coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under k0 condition k0固结十. 抗剪强度 shear strength1. undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2. residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰 值 强 度 5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7. effective stress approach of shear strength剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8. total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9. mohr-coulomb theory莫尔库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12. failure criterion破坏准则13. vane strength十字板抗剪强度14. unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15. effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型 -constitutive model1. elastic model弹性模型2. nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3. elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4. iscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.du ncan-chang model邓肯张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.mohr-coulomb yield criterion莫尔库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15. elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16. elastic modulus弹性模量17. winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型 十二. 地基承载力 -bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局 部 剪 切 破 坏 4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临 塑 荷 载 6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力 -earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4. coulombs earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5. rankine s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析 -slope stability analysis1. angle of repose休止角2. bishop method毕肖普法3. safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙 -retaining wall1. stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2. foundation wall基础墙3. counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物 -sheet pile structure1. steel sheet pile钢板桩2. reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3. steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础 -shallow foundation1.box foundation箱 型 基 础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条 形 基 础 4.spread footing扩展基础5.compensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7. rigid foundation刚性基础8. flexible foundation柔性基础9. embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度10. net foundation pressure基底附加应力11. structure-foundation-soilinteractionanalysis上部结构基础地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质 -dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6. initial liquefaction初始液化7. natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十. 地基基础抗震1. earthquake engineering地震工程2. soil dynamics土动力学3. duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地 震 卓 越 周 期 8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation