可数名词和不可数名词的讲解和练习

可数名词和不可数名词英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或者具体的事物，它有可数和不可数之分。所谓可数名词指的就是在数量上可以计数，可以数出数量的事物；所谓不可数名词是指不能以数目来计 算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。可数名词在他之前可以加上冠词a/an 。而不可数名词前面是不可以直接家冠词的。可数名词变为复数形式有如下变化规律：a. 一般情况下，直接加-s ，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds；b. 以 s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es ，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches；c. 以“辅音字母 +y ”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加 -es ，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries；d. 以 “f 或 fe ”结尾，变f 或 fe 为 v, 再加 -es ，如： knife-knives，thief-thieves。e. 以 “o”结尾的词，分两种情况1 ）有生命的 +es如： mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2)无生命的 +s如： photo-photosradio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people。除此之外，还有一部分名词单复数同形，如：fish 鱼，deer 鹿， sheep 绵羊， works （工厂）， means 手段， swiss 瑞士人， chinese中国人， news新闻， goods商品有一些名词则只有复数形式：精品资料trousers裤子， pants 裤子， shorts短裤 glasses眼镜， compasses圆规， scales 天平，pliers 钳子， clips 剪子“某国人 ”的复数有三种类型：（1） ） chinese, japanese, swiss三国人单数复数同形，不需加s；（2） ） englishman, frenchman, dutchman复数要把man变为 men ；（3） ）其他各国人以an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。如： americans, australians, indians等。可依照这个口诀记忆：中日不变，英法变，其他”s ”加后面。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an，若要表示它的个体意义时，一般需要将其量化。不可数名词如何量化：就是在不可数名词前面加上“数词 + 量词+of ”，比如：a piece of bread（ paper( 纸), cloth( 布), coal( 煤), news( 新闻 ), advice( 意见 ), information( 信息 ), , meat( 肉) ）an item of information一则情报a slip of paper一张纸条a length of cloth一段布料a cake of soap一块肥皂a tube of tooth-paste一条牙膏a bottle of ink一瓶墨水等。当量词可数，且前面的数词大于一时，量词需要用复数形式，如 two bottles of water两瓶水two pieces of paper两张纸等；同时，可数名词也有相应用法，如：a box of apples一箱苹果six boxes of apples六箱苹果等。精品资料最常见的不可数名词有：advice, baggage, change(零钱 ), furniture （家具） , hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage（行李） , money, news, progress, traffic其它不可数名词还有：absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature,paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, world等。上面提到的可数名词和不可数名词并不是一成不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义， 名词也不例外，同是一个词在一种情况下是可数名词，而在另一种场合却是不可数名词，如：可数名词: a tin一只罐头a relation亲属an iron一把熨斗a democracy民主国家 a glass一只玻璃杯a beauty美人，美的东西a wood一片树林a power不可数名词 : tin锡 relation关系iron铁 democracy民主glass玻璃beauty美wood木头power 威力，电力。我们讨论名词的落脚点在,当名词充当主语时,谓语动词在人称、数等方面必须与其保持一致 -即 主谓一致性 的问题。可数名词不可数名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange2、class3、text4、monkey5、piano6、child7、shelf8、bed9、country精品资料10、family11、toy12 、foot13、japanese14、radio15 、photo16、army17 、tomato18、fox19、woman20 、knife22 、sheep二、选择填空1. there are fourand twoin the group.a. japanese, germenb japaneses, germenc. japanese,germanc.japanese, germans2. the boys have gotalready.a. two breadb.two breadsc. two pieces of breadd.two piece of bread3. the old man wants.a. six boxes of applesb. six boxes of applec. six box of applesd. six boxs of apples4. theresomein the river.a. is, fishb. are, fishs c. is, fishs d. are, fish 5.the meeting room is near the reading room.a. teacherb.teacher sc.teachers d.teachers6. in britain are all painted red.a. letter boxes b.letters boxes c. letter box d.letters box 7.there are birds in that big tree.精品资料a. hundreds ofb. five hundreds ofc. five hundred ofd. hundred of8. i want to buy .a. two bottles of inkb. two bottle of inkc. two bottle of inksd. two bottles of inks9. they don t have to do today.a. much homeworkb. many homeworksc. many homeworkd. much homeworks10. there are three and seven in the picture.a. cows, sheepsb. cows, sheepc. cow, sheepd. cow, sheeps11. sheep white and milk also white.a. is, areb. are, isc. is, isd. are, are12. i d like to have a glass of milk and .a. two breadsb. two pieces ofbreadsc. two pieces of breadd. two piece ofbread13. he bought .精品资料a. two pairs of shoesb. two pair ofshoesc. two pairs of shoed. two pair ofshoefew, a few,little, a little专项练习() 1. this is a very old song, so young people know it.a. fewb. littlec. a fewd. a little() 2 . there arent many oranges here, but you can take if you want to.a. fewb. a fewc. a littled. little() 3. shanghai waihuan tunnel is already open to traffic, so it will take us time to go to pudong international airport.a. a fewb. fewerc. a littled. less() 4.there is ink in my pen. would you give me ?a. little/ a littleb. a little/ littlec. few/ a fewd. a few/ few() 5.mr smith is quite busy today. he has meetings to attend.a. littleb. a littlec. fewd. a few() 6. i m sorry. the room is small to hold so many people. would you please wait outside?a. sob. suchc. veryd. too精品资料() 7. dannyis that hewants to go to the fitnesscamp thissummer holiday.a. such fatb. so a fat boy c. such a fat boyd. so fat boy () 8. how can you make a trip with so money?a. fewb. a fewc. little. a little() 9. there is milk in the fridge, so well go to the supermarket and buy some.a. little b. a littlec. fewd. a few() 10.the house has many rooms that it was hard to find a way out.a. suchb. soc. veryd. too() 11.if you don t work , you ll fail in the exam.a. enough hardb. hardly enoughc. hard enoughd. enough hardly () 12.i m make a phone call to my friends. i have a lot of work to do.a. too busy tob. so busy thatc, so busy to d. too busy that() 13. there are only students in the classroom. where are the others.a. a fewb. fewc. a littled. little() 14. these days young people like listening to the music with their mp4 a, a fewb a littlec. quite a fewd. quite a little() 15.now people can learn information from the interneta. a fewb. a lotc. muchd. many() 16. paul has made a lot of kites, but can fly in the sky.精品资料a. littleb. a littl