管理类专业术语一览

管理类专业术语一览（english ）aaccess discrimination进入歧视action research动作研究adjourning解散adhocracy特别结构administrative principle管理原则artifacts人工环境artificial intelligence人工智能工巧匠avoiding learning规避性学习ambidextrous approach双管齐下策略bbalance sheet资产负债表bcg matrix波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications善意职业资格审查bounded rationality有限理性bureaucracy官僚机构benchmarking标杆瞄准bounded rationality perspective有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles跨超边界作用ccomputer-aided designaputer-automated manufacturing(cad/cam)计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation对话consortia企业联合change agent变革促进者chaos theory混沌理论charismatic leaders魅力型领导者charity principle博爱原则coercive power强制权cohesiveness凝聚力collaborative management合作型管理comparable worth可比较价值competitive benchmarking竞争性基准confrontation meeting碰头会constancy of purpose永久性目标contingency approach权变理论corporate social performance公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应critical incident关键事件current assets流动资产current liabilities流动负债culture strength文化强度creative department创造性部门craft technology技艺性技术contextual dimension关联性维度continuous process production连续加工生产collectivity stage集体化阶段clan control小团体控制 clan culture小团体文化coalition联合团体collaborative协作网络centrality集中性centraliazation集权化charismatic authority竭尽忠诚的权力ddecentralization分权democracy management民主管理departmentalization部 门 化 differential rate system差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods辩证探求法division of labor劳动分工downward mobility降职流动dynamic engagement动态融合dynamic network动态网络domain领域direct interlock直 接 交 叉 divisional form事业部模式differentiation strategy差别化战略decision premise决策前提dual-core approach二元核心模式eelectronic data-processing(edp)电子数据处理employee-oriented style员工导向型风格empowerment授权encoding解码end-user computing终端用户计算系统entrepreneurship企业家精神equity净资产equity theory公平理论espoused value信仰价值ethnocentric manager种族主义的管理者expectancy theory期望理论expense budget支出预算expense center费用中心external audit外部审计external stakeholders外部利益相关者extrinsic rewards外 部 奖 励 ethic ombudsperson伦理巡视官external adaption外部适应性elaboration stage精细阶段entrepreneurial stage创业阶段escalating commitment顽固认同ffamily group家庭集团financial statement财务报表flat hierarchies扁平型结构flexible budget弹性预算force-field theory场力理论formal authority合法权力formal systematic appraisal正式的系统评估franchise特许经营权formalization stage规范化阶段functional grouping职能组合formal channel of communication正式沟通渠道ggame theory博弈论general financial condition一般财务状况geocentric manager全球化管理者general manager总经理globalization全球化gossip chain传言链grapevine传言网global strategic partnership全球战略伙伴关系general environment一般环境generalist全 面 战 略 geographic grouping区域组合global company全球公司global geographic structure全球区域结构hhawthorne effect霍桑效应heuristic principles启发性原理hierarchy科层制度hiring specification招 聘 细 则 horizontal linkage model横向联系模型hybrid structure混合结构high tech高接触high-velocity environments高倍速环境iimpoverished management放任式管理income statement损益表information transformation信息转换infrastructure基础设施integrative process整合过程intelligent enterprises智力企业internal audit内 部 审 计 internal stakeholder内部相关者internship实习intrapreneurship内部企业家精神intrinsic reward内在报酬inventory库存, 存货internal integration内部整合interorganization relationship组织间的关系intergroup conflict团体间冲突interlocking directorate交叉董事会institutional perspective机构的观点intuitive decision making直觉决策idea champion构思倡导者incremental change渐进式变革informal organizational structure非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal非正式业绩评价jjob description职务描述job design职务设计job enlargement职务扩大化job enrichment职务丰富化job rotation职务轮换job specialization职务专业化kkey performance areas关键业务区key result areas关键绩效区llabor productivity index劳动生产力指数laissez management自 由 化 管 理 large batch production大批量生产lateral communication横向沟通leadership style领导风格least preferred co-worker(lpc)最不喜欢的同事legitimate power合法权力liability负债liaison联络者line authority直线职权liquidity流 动 性 liaison role联络员角色long-linked technology纵向关联技术losses from conflict冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership低成本领先 m management by objective目标管理managerial grid管理方格matrix bosses矩阵主管management champion管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(mrp)物料需求计划mslow,s hierarchy of needs马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument管理文化多元化营销观multiculturalism文化多元主义multidivisional firm多部门公司moral rules道德准则management by walking around(mbwa)走动式管理matrix structure矩阵结构multinational enterprise(mne)跨国公司moral relativism道德相对主义mechanistic system机械式组织middle-of-the-road management中庸式管理meso theory常态理论multidomestic strategy多国化战略mediating technology调停技术nna ?ve relativism朴素相对主义need-achievement成就需要norming规范化norms规范nonprogrammed decisions非程序化决策nonsubstitutability非替代性nonroutine technology非例行技术niche领地 ooff-the-job training脱产培训on-the-job training在职培训operational budget运营预算order backlog订单储备organic system有机系统organizational development(od)组织发展orientation定位outcome interdependence结果的相互依赖性outplacement services外 延 服 务 organization ecosystem组织生态系统pparadox of authority权威的矛盾paradox of creativity创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure开放的矛盾paradox of identify身份的矛盾paradox of individuality个性的矛盾paradox of regression回归的矛盾partial productivity部分生产率participative management参与式管理path-goal model路径目标模型peer recruiter同级招聘political action committees(pacs)政治活动委员会polycentric manager多中心管理者portfolio framework业务组合框架portfolio investment资产组合投资positive reinforcement正强化production flexibility生产柔性profitability收益率programmed decisions程序化决策psychoanalytic view精神分析法paradigm范式personal ratios人员比例pooled dependence集合性依存professional bureaucracy专业官僚机构problem identification问题识别problemistic search问题搜寻population ecology model种群生态模型qquality质量quality circle质量圈question mark问题类市场quid pro quo交换物rrational model of decision making理性决策模式realistic job preview(rjp)实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence相互依存性resource dependence资源依赖理论routine technology例行技术retention保留rational approach理性方法rational model理性模型rational-legal authority理性合法权威ssemivariable cost准可变成本sense of potency力量感sensitivity training敏感性训练sexual harassment性骚扰short-run capacity changes短期生产能力变化single-strand chain单向传言链situational approach情境方法situational force情境力量situational leadership theory情境领导理论sliding-scale budget移动规模预算small-batch production小规模生产sociotechnical approaches社会科技方法span of management管理幅度staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划step budget 分步预算stewardship principle管家原则stimulus刺激storming调整阶段strategic management战略管理strategic partnering战略伙伴关系strategy formulation战略制定strategy implementation战略实施strategic control战 略 控 制 strategic contingencies战略权变satisficing满意度subsystems 子系统subunits子单位synergy协同system boundary系统边界structure dimension结构性维度sequential interdependence序列性依存self-directed team自我管理型团队specialist专门战略strategy and structure changes战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency结构无效的特征ttall hierarchies高长型科层结构task force or project team任务小组或项目团队task independence任务的内部依赖性task management任务型管理task-oriented style任务导向型管理风格total productivity全部生产率total quality man