高中英语定语从句学案好用

.定语从句在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句 一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之 间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词。注意： which /who /that在从句中作宾语可以省略4. whose: 先行词是人或物，在从句中做 。一般形式为whose +名词，相当于 the+ 名词+which/whom ， 例如：i live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.关系代词 : 关系副词： as 引导非限定性定语从句he has written a book name i have forgotten.=he has written a booki have forgotten.结构：先行词 +关系词 +定语从句。主句从句的成分必须完整；关系代词在从句中作主宾表定, 关系副词做状语。解题思路： 1. 划清主从句，找准先行词；2. 分析从句中缺少成分3. 如果缺少主宾表定选择关系代词，如果缺少状语则选择关系副词。(一)关系代词引导的定语从句1. who 先行词是“人”，在从句中作 ；（多做主语）whom 先行词也是人，但在从句中只能作 ；this is the man who helped me.this is the man who/whom you helped.2. which:先行词是物，在从句中作 this is the book which you are looking for.the building which is being built will be a library.3. that: 先行词是人或物，在从句中作 。the lady that came to our school is from america. the book that i just read is very interesting.she is not the lovely girl that she used to be.（二） 以下情况只用that不用 which：(1) anything,nothing,all, any, little, much,few等不定代词作先行词。(2) 先行词被all, much, little, every, no, any等词修饰时 ,用 that。(3) 先行词被the only, the very修饰。(4) 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰。(5) 先行词既有人又有物时。1. is there anything that i can do for you?2. i have read all the novels that were written by shakespeare.3. this is the most wonderful time that i have ever had.4. what is the first american film that you have seen?5. this is the very book that he is looking for.6. do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?（三） 定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立，注意：“ that”不能够引导非限定性定语从句。i have a brother who is studying abroad.charles smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.;.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：he was late again, which made his teacher angry.he seems not to have grasped what i meant, which greatly upsets me. liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.（四）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1、关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语，这些关系词在介词后面只能用which 或 whom. 不能用 that.也不能用who.there was a man with whom i would have to work together .the book to which he devoted much time is to come out next month.2、“介词 +关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。1. beijing is the place where ( ) i was born.2. is this the reason why ( ) he refused our offer? 3.this is the house where ( ) i lived two years ago.4.do you remember the day when ( ) you joined our club?(七)as 引导的定语从句(1) 引导限定性定语从句,可以在从句中做主语，宾语，表语一般结构为the sameas；suchas ， 译为和一样。we have found such tools as are used in their factory.i have got into the same trouble as he has.he is not the same man as he was.（ 2）引导非限制性从句，常带有 之意。as we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health.= as is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health.he loves his parents deeply, 他们俩 are very kind to him.as 是关系代词。例1 中的 as 作 know 的宾语；例2 中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know 要up to now, he has written ten stories, （五）关系副词引导的定语从句when, where, why其中部are about country life.用被动式。(八）定语从句中的主谓一致1. i m very glad to return to my hometown i had lived for 10 years.2. this is my hometown i had lived in for 10 years.3. do you know the reason he is late for school.4. no one believes the reason he gave us about his absence at the meeting.5. i still remember the day i first came to school.关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于 介词 + which 结构，因此常常和 介词 + which 结构交替使用， 例如：1. tom is one of my friends that ( love) english very mu