分词作定语讲解

分词作定语分词作定语时有下面几个特点：1) 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。2) 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成 )的事。he rushed into the burning house他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。the child standing over there is my brother站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。the room facing south is our classroom朝南的房间是我们的教室。have you got your watch repaired?你拿到那个修好的表了吗?分词作定语时的时间关系一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from beijing?你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？共同点：单个分词做定语放在所修饰名词前(aswimmingpool) ；分词短语（就是不仅仅由一个分词构成的用来修饰名词的短语thebookwrittenbyluxun ）做后置定语，即放名词后。用过去分词还是现在分词做定语的判断关键：名词与该动作的关系1. 现在分词 (ving) 做定语：从功能上看，现在分词做定语表示1）主动（及物）； 2）进行（不及物）。做定语：相当于一个定语从句(主动)doyouknowtheboystandingatthedoor?doyouknowtheboywhoisstandingat the door?a developingcountryneedsaids.acountrythat/whichisdevelopingneedsaids.精品资料theylivedinahousefacingthesouththeylivedinahousethatfacedthesouth.themanwearinga redtieisourhead.themanwhowearsa redtie(戴红领带 )isourhea d.theworkersworkinginthefactoryarewell-paid.theworkerswhoareworkingin thefactor y arewell-paid.在这家工厂工作的工人报酬很好2. 过去分词 (p.p) 做定语从功能上看，过去分词做定语表示1）被动（及物）； 2）完成（不及物）。做定语：相当于一个定语从句（被动），有时侯也表示完成的thebrokenwindowwasrepairedthismorning. thewindowbrokenyesterdaywas.thewindowthat/whichwasbrokenyesterdaywas.昨天被打破的玻璃今早被修好了thesoldhamburgersarenotto mytaste.thehamburgerssoldinthischainarenotto.这家连锁店卖的汉堡不适合我的口味thehamburgersthat/whicharesoldin thischainarenotto.thearrivedguestswillbeledin.（此过去分词表示完成） theguestsarrivedjustnowwill.刚到的客人将会被带进来theguestswhoarrivedjustnowwillbe.thebookthatwaswrittenbywangsellswell.thebookwrittenbywangsellswell.thetiethatiswornbyourheadismadeinshanghai.thetiewornbyourheadismad e inshtheshoes(thatwere)madeina smallfactoryareofbadquality. 小厂产的鞋子质量差反之，一个定语从句可以转化为分词做定语的结构themani introducedtoyouyesterdayhadjustreturnedfromjapan.themanintroducedtoyoubymeyesterdayhadjust昨天我给你介绍的那人刚从日本回来heisa manwhoislovedbyall.heisa manlovedbyall.他是个大家所热爱的人 theleavesthathavefallenarecollectedbythe cleaners. the fallen leaves are collected