同位语从句义及练习(学生版本).doc

同位语从句讲义及练习一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that,whether，what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion,等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加是否的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加什么时候、什么地点、什么方式等含义，应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。例1：I have no idea when he will be back. 例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系。区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。如：The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的传闻是假的。因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。例1：Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A.while B.that C.when D.as 应将该句区别于：It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward. A.what B.that C.when D.as 例2：She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth. A.it B.which C.this D.that 应将该句区别于：I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. A.it B.which C.this D.that 归纳：同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:1. 从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词，代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。如:1) The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (_从句)2) We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(_从句)3) Word came that he had been abroad. (_从句)4) Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. (_从句)5) The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. (_从句)2. 从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如:1) The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(_从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息。)2) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(_从句, news在从句中作told的宾语。)3) I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(_从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言。)4) The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺? (_从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语。)3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如:1) That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(_从句)2) I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事。(_从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略。that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替。如:1) The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(_从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略。)2) The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(_从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略。)巩固性练习：1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D.why 3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./ D.it 5.I have no idea _ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The