山东财经大学本科学年论文 无法逃避的命运和抗争.doc

山东财经大学本科学年论文(设计)题目： 无法逃避的命运和抗争： 浅析俄狄浦斯王的命运 学 院 外国语学院 专 业 英语 班 级 英语0901 学 号 20090914120 姓 名 李亚莉 指导教师 陈 新 山东财经大学教务处制二一二年五月山东财经大学学士学年论文参考：山东财经大学学士学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。学位论文作者签名： 年 月 日山东财经大学关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解山东财经大学有关保留、使用学士学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留、送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅，学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印或其他复制手段保存论文。指导教师签名： 论文作者签名： 年 月 日 年 月 日The unchangeable fate and fighting:On the title fate of Oedipus the kingbyLi YaliUnder the Supervision ofChen XinSubmitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of ArtsSchool of Foreign StudiesShandong University of Finance and EconomicsMay 2012B. A. Thesis of Shandong University of Finance and EconomicsAcknowledgements First of all, I would give my great appreciate to my respectable supervisor to constantly encourage me and guide me to do the research. Thank to his serious supervision and guidance, I have finished my thesis in the regular time. At the same time, my thanks to all my beloved teachers in the School of Foreign Studies of Shandong University of Finance and Economics, for they teaching me all the aspects of English. L. Y. LABSTRACTThe unchangeable fate and fighting:On the title fate of Oedipus the kingLi YaliOedipus the king is one of the great tragedies written by Sophocles. The play tells his fate that he would kill his father and married his mother is doomed by God. When he knows the oracle, he tries his best to escape from it but unfortunately failed in the end. The theme of the subject is to express the unchangeable fate through the conflict contradictory between human beings nature and fate. Also, the play speaks highly of peoples fighting spirit with God and mysterious strength. Even though we cant change the ending of the fate, we can change the attitude towards fate, facing it smiley and bravely. Key words: Oedipus the king; fate; fighting摘要无法逃避的命运和抗争浅析俄狄浦斯王的命运李亚莉俄狄浦斯王是索福克勒斯最伟大的悲剧之一。这戏剧讲述了俄狄浦斯杀父娶母的命运被上帝注定，但是他进他最大的努力想要改变这个命运，但最终以还是没能逃脱命运的悲剧。俄狄浦斯王通过人与命运的矛盾冲突揭示了命运的主题。这部戏剧也高度赞扬的人类和上帝这个神秘力量斗争精神。即使我么么不能改变命运的结局，但是我们可以改变对待命运的态度，微笑的，勇敢的。关键词：俄狄浦斯王；命运；抗争CONTENTSAcknowledgementsiiAbstract.iiiChinese AbstractivIntroduction1Chapter One .2The unchangeable fate 2Chapter Two.3Oedipus complex.3Chapter Three .4Realistic significance4Conclusion.5Works Cited.519IntroductionSophocles, one of the most influential tragic writers of ancient Greece, was born a few years before the Battle of Marathon in 490BC, died at the age of ninety in the winter of 406BC. He was also one of the three ancient Greece tragedians who write 123 plays during his life, including the most famous Oedipus and Antigone. Because of the little information, it is hard to make an exact chronology of his works, but taking in to consideration some style characteristics, specialist say that the probable chronological order is Ajax, Antigone, Oedipus the king, Trachiniae, Electra, Philoctetes and Oedipus at Colonus. Sophocles has made great contribution to the drama by adding a third actor in particular, thereby reducing the importance of the chorus in the presentation of the plot. The subject of his tragedies is almost related to the matters that the heros fate is doomed and couldnt be inevitable. Also, Sophocles play was alive with fighting spirit and reflected the mind human beings had in that out-date time.Chapter OneThe unchangeable fateFate is a theme that often occurs in Greek writing tragedies. The idea that attempting to avoid an oracle is the very thing which brings it about is a common motif in many Greek myths. Also we can see this phenomenon in Oedipus the king in particular. To Louis, King of Thebes, an oracle foretold that the child born to him by his queen Jocasta would kill his father and marry his mother. So as soon as the son was born, the infants feet were riveted together and he was left to die on Mount Cithaeron. But a shepherd found the baby and takes care of him, and delivered him to another shepherd who took him to his master, the King of Corinth. He being childless adopted the boy, who grew up believing that he was indeed the Kings son. Afterwards doubting his parentage, he visited Delphi to find out who his real parents are. But to his shocked, the oracle gave him another prophecy instead of answering what he asked, which he would kill his father and marry his mother. In order to escape from this bad fate, he decided to flee away from what he deemed his fathers house and in his flight he encountered and unwillingly killed Laius, also his nature father. This is the very beginning of Oedipuss real tragedy; the prophecy is approaching step by step. Finally, after solving lots of difficulties, he became the king of thebe, marring the former queen, unknowingly his nature mother. when he knows the truth, he blinded his eyes and prayed for exile from Thebes. Even through he could not escape from the cage of the fate, we could not ignore the efforts he had done, and also, we could not ignore the contributions he has made to his state. Oedipus is a true man, a real hero who solves the riddle of Thebes. At the same time, he is a straight king who loves the subjects of his kingdom, protects the interest of his own country. In order to investigate the murder the former king Laius, he passionately curses he murder, and unknowingly that he curses himself. The subjects of the kingdom love and respect him and see him as the most honorable person. He fights for his own fate using the strong will. Even though he finally fails, his fighting spirits exist forever. The theme of Oedipus the king is not to express the human beings sorrow, helpless and disappointment when it comes to destiny, but to indicate that people is free and has freewill. People have energy and will to fight against his terrible fate, persistently and unyieldingly. In conclusion, human being could not be an accessory of god and fate, but a free individual, a free soul.Chapter TwoOedipus complexWhy Oedipus the king is so popular all around the world? I think that there is a kind of complex which links us and the play. We can know that Oedipus is not only a tragedy of fate but also the tragedy of character which comes from Oedipus complex. Freud thinks that Oedipus complex often occurs between 3-5 years .He considers it a stage where the child experiences an erotic attachment to one parent and hostility toward the other parent. The ensuing triangular tension is seen as being the root of most mental disorders. Freud cites the incest taboo as the root of many other prohibitions. We cannot get away from the assumption that mans sense of guilt springs from the Oedipus complex and was acquired at the killing of the father by the brothers banned together(Freud, 1930). In little boys mind, mother is his own object which could not be shared by others. The primitive desire for one parent may also awaken in the child a jealous motivation to exclude the other parent. Oedipus would like to occupy his mother by himself; the primitive desire exists in his mind for a long time, so that in his deep heart, the view of killing his father, marring his mother really exists. In order to escape the irresistible fate, Oedipus made the oracle come true unconsciously; this indicates the tragic spirit in the play.Chapter ThreeRealistic significance of Oedipus the king In Oedipus the king, fate is destined and cant be changed by people, no matter who you are. Oedipus fights with it even though he knows the oracle has been done by god. So when we confront with the fate, what should we do? Should we just sit here for seeking help or should we stand for fighting? Maybe one would say that we cant change it no matter what we do, so that why we should waste lots of time, energy to do the meaningless thing? We should treasure what we have possessed instead of thinking how to change the fate all day. However, as far as I am concerned, we cant make great progress if we just stay the original state comfortably, not going up ahead. For example, Helen Keller, a blinded woman fights against her disabilities all her life. At first, she could not communicate with others owing to the blindness, but she doesnt waste the time of life for complaining the unfair of the fate, what she does is to seize all the opportunities, spend all the time, more than 10 times than others to learn knowledge. Also, she dedicates to tireless advocacy and fearless activism that opened wide doors of possibility for people with disabilities.” I will not just live my life, I will not just spend my life, I will invest my life” is a real description of Helen Keller for fighting against fate. We cant escape the fate, such as disabilities, difficulties the God gives us, but we can take active actions to live an excellent colorful life. In our common life, we also may come across many troubles, and it is hard to have a plain sailing in the ocean. If we just think to avoid the difficulties, staying in the comfortable place, we may loss the opportunities to improve our abilities, increase our knowledge. Sometimes, we may complain the hard situation we are in, but it will enrich our mind. Try to change the attitude towards the hard situations or the unfair fate, be optimistic and take positive measures when we come across it. We are free individuals, we have our own right to control our lives, and we have abilities to decide what kind of road we should walk. To be ourselves and do not be bounded by destiny, this is what I learned and what we should do in the near future through Oedipus the king, also is the spirit of Oedipus the king.ConclusionOedipus, one of the great tragedies, was created by the playwright Sophocles in Greece according to the legend. It was regarded as the perfect tragedies by which expressed the impressive profound theme-the fate, through the conflict contradictory between human nature and fate. Human beings are small within the nature and controlled by destiny, which could not be changed by us. Oedipus fate is not only the tragedy of himself, but also the trouble of human beings. Although Oedipus spares every effort to try to escape the horrible destiny continually told by oracle, the fate is approaching to him. In this situation, what we should do is take actions positively to fight against the fate when we confront this trouble even though we could not escape it, as Oedipus does. As far as I am concerned, the significance of Oedipus the king is a moral victory of human beings, which praise the unyielding will and fighting spirit of human beings.Works Cited龚北方;无奈与反抗俄狄浦斯王命运悲剧典型性探微J;大庆高等专科学校学报;2001年02期命运的注脚俄狄浦斯王-青年文学家2011年13期古希腊三大悲剧作家研究M中国社会科学出版社1980刘晨风 俄狄浦斯王悲剧感 J 国外文学. 1998 (16)命运的悲剧 陕西师范大学报 张帆 2009.7河南省高等教育自学考试英语专业本科毕业生毕业论文（英文题目）Lake Poets in the history of English literature（中文题目）英国文学史上的“湖畔诗人”专 业 名 称 ： 英语专业本科 论文作者姓名 ： 刘志辉准 考 证 号 ： 078203200008论 文 类 型 ： 文学批评论文完成日期 ： 2006/08/26联 系 方 式 ： 河南省辉县市第二职业高中Lake Poets in the history of English literature摘要: 湖畔诗人就是一组英国诗人,Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, and William Wordsworth.他们居住在英格兰东北的湖区,是18世纪至19世纪时期浪漫主义运动的一部分.受到法国大革命和英国工业革命的影响,他们在诗歌创作方面做了大胆的 改革,无论是在诗体语言还是在主题。的选择上都有独到的见解. William Wordsworth 被人喻为自然的膜拜者. Samuel Taylor Coleridge 不但是著名的诗人也是一流的文学批评家. 然而Robert Southey却更为将精力注意到人人平等的大同社会上来.Abstract: The Lake Poets or Lake School was a group of English poets: Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, and William Wordsworth. They lived in the Lake District in northwestern England. This group was part of the Romantic Movement of the late 1700s and early 1800s. They were inspired by The French Revolution and The English Industrial Revolution. They made bold experiments on poetry writing, no matter on poetry language seeking or subjects. Wordsworth was regarded as worshipper of nature. Coleridge was not only a poet but also a critic. While Southy pay more his attention to his democratic community in America known as Pantisocracy. 关键字: 浪漫主义时期,自然,超自然,想象,改革,简化语言,内在世界,精神实质,平常生活,民主,大同社会Key words: The Romantic Period, nature, super nature, imagination, innovation, simple language, inner world, spirit, common life, democratic, PantisocracyOutlineThesis: Lake Poets, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, and William Wordsworth, marks the beginning of Romanticism. They improve the poetry writing with an entire new conception, especially they composed their poems about nature and imagination, which is very different from those in neoclassical period.(1) The background of Lake Poets:1The French Revolution and the English Industrial Revolution 2Influence of the economic exploitation(2) Features of Lake Poets:1They explored new theories and innovated new techniques in poetry writing. 2They believed that poetry could purify both individuals and society. A Nature B Imagination and inspiration(3)William Wordsworth1Career 2Mayor features in poetry writing and classification of his works Samuel Taylor Coleridge his works. 1career 2 mayor features in poetry writing and classification of his worksRobert Southey 1career 2mayor features in poetry writing Lake Poets in the history of English literature The English romanticism as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have began in 1798 and ended in 1832. However, at this great period, there are three great poets who cannot be ignored, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, and William Wordsworth. These three poets are known as the Lake Poets, because they once settled at Dove Cottage in Crasmere, Westmoreland, the loveliest spot in the English Lake District. The Lake Poets play a transitional role between old and new styles in the poetry development in literature history especially in the English history. In their works we see the influence from both the past and the modern.(1) During the Romantic period, there have been great changes in both European society and economy, which were actually provoked by two important revolutions, the French Revolution and the English Industrial Revolution. And as a result, some of the great imaginative writings in the Romantic period sprang from the confrontation of radicals and conservatives at the close of the 18th century. While the lake poets choose nature, imagination as their poetic subjects, other great poets, such as George Gordon Byron, showed a lasting contempt for what he considered the commonplace and vulgarity of the lake poets. Because they think the lake poets, to some extent, are too conservative in their period. The other key element for the exiting of the lake poets is the cruel economic exploitation. As a consequence of the English Industrial revolution, the European Society emerged a new Labor Class. Though the social wealth had been increased by several times, it was only the rich who owned this wealth. The majority of the people were still poor, or even poorer. The romantics with the lake poets as a leader saw both the corruption of the feudal societies and the exploitation in modern capitalist society. Under such condition, the lake poets emphasized the special qualities of each individuals mind. Wordsworth The Solitary Reaper, Coleridge frost at night, Southy Winter are all such poems.So we can see they pay more attention to portray the individuals experience. Its a typical character of the lake poets to place the individual at the center of art in order to express his or her unique feelings and particular attitudes. (2) With the coming of the French Revolution in 1798, and the primarily agricultural society replaced by a modern industrialized one, these three poets inspired an entire new poetic revolution. At first, they started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature. They explored new theories and innovated new techniques in poetry writing. As we all know, the neoclassicists had some fixed rules and laws for almost every genre of literature. Poetry should be lyrical, didactic satiric or dramatic and be strictly guided by principles. The neoclassicists also emphasized upon reason and intellect. However, the romantics started a poetic revolution. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, and William Wordsworth, with the publication of Lyrical Ballads, were the major representatives of this movement. We can get such ideas from the following examples: The Ancient Mariner written by Coleridge; The prelude_(1) written by Wordsworth. In these famous poems, we can see they have made bold experiments in poetic language, versification and design. Second, they believe that poetry could purify both individual and the society. At one hand, they chose to live by the lakeside so as to escape from the rational and ugly society. At other hand, they also want to achieve their wishful