have_的用法小结.doc

have 的用法小结一、have作实意动词。 1.表示“有”的意思。 Look, I have wings, just like you. (JBL1)He had fair hair and blue eyes. (JBL2) 注1：其否定和疑问形式变化，在美国通常用助动词do。 注2：在英国口语中常用have got代替have. Look, cant you see Ive got teeth, too,(JBL1) I havent got any jewelry.(SBL5) 2.have和一些其他名词连用，表示： (1)一种活动。 We have no classes on Sunday.（上课）(JBL11) theyre going to have a volleyball match.（举行比赛）(JBL11) Are we going to have a meeting this week?（开会）(JBL11) We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（听报告）(JBL11) (2)患病。 I have got a headache.(JBL8) I have a bad cold.(JBL3) (3)发生的情况。 Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.（跌跤）(JBL10) (4)生育。 The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.(SBL14) 3.和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（havea由动词转化和名词）。 Are you going to have a swim.(JBL1) I have a long talk with the teacher.(JBL10) 4.have on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。 I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.(SBL6) At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on. 5.表示“吃”、“喝”。 I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.(JBL10) Does she have lunch at home?(JBL11) 6.组成复合结构即“have宾语宾语补足语”。 (1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.)，表示让、叫某人做某事。 The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(SBL17) 注：否定结构表示“不能让”或“从未有人”. We wont have you blame it on others. She had never had anybody speak to her that way before. (2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。 the two men had their lights burning all night long. (3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示： 使（让，请）别人作某事，表示的动作是别人做的。 Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.(SBL10) he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.(SB L8) 遭遇到某事。 Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken.(SBL12) Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.(SBL12) 二、have与to一起构成情态动词，表示“不得不”、“必 须”，可用于各种时态。 I have to look after her at home.(JBL4) 三、have做助动词与动词的过去分词一起构成现在完成时 和过去完成时。 Great changes have taken place the last two years.(JBL3) They said that the Arab had stolen their camel.(JBL4) 四、have用于“情态动词have过去分词”的结构，有 推测、假设之意。 1.musthave过去分词，表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况的推测，一般用于肯定句。 Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.(SBL10) You must have left your bag in the theatre. 2.can(could)have过去分词，表示对过去发生事情的“不肯定”，常用于否定句和疑问句。 He cant have been to your home, he doesnt know your address. 3.shouldhave过去分词，表示“某事本该早做而实际未做”，用于肯定句。 You should have been here five minutes ago.(SBL10) 五、have用于某些成语，表示固定的意思。 1.have a word(a few words)with sb.，表示和某人说一（几）句话。 Wheres Peter? I want to have a word with him.(SBL13) 2.had better不带to的动词不定式，表示“最好”。 Id better go and look for him now.(JBL2) 3.have nothing(something)to do with，表示“和无（有）”关系。 Most of questions had nothing to do with Edisons lessons.HAVE的用法详解1. 助动词have+过去分词构成完成时态。 I have never seen such a strange man. 我从未见过这么奇怪的人。 Yes, he has been here twice but hasnt had his hair cut yet. 是啊,他来了两次还没把头发理了。 Hes gone to your house. 他去你家了。 2. HAVE+宾语+过去分词表示让某事由某人做。 Can I have my hair cut now? 你现在可以给我理发吗? Oh, you havent had your hair cut yet. 噢,你还没理发呀。 3. HAVE+宾语+原形不定词表示请或让某人做某事。 Or I can have my assistant help me do it. 或者我可以让我的助手帮我来做。 4. have作为本动词表示有、拥有的意思。 No, I dont have much time. 不行,我没那么多时间。 Oh, you still have many customers today. 噢,你今天还有很多顾客呀。have to通常指由于客观原因则不得不做某事，意思为“不得不”。 e.g. Its dark now. I have to go home. 天黑了，我不得不回家。 Its raining, and I have to stay at home. 外面在下雨，我不得不呆在家里。一、have to与一般情态动词的异同 相同点： 一般的情态动词不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形一起构成谓语，have to 也是这样。 不同点： 1、一般的情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而且所用的时态也受到一定的限制，而have to 有人称和数的变化。可用于多种时态中：一般现在时中当主语是第三人称单数时要用has to，其余的人称用have to，一般过去时中要用had to； 一般将来时中则要用will have to. e.g. She has to go to school by bus. 她不得不乘公汽上学。 Youll have to see the doctor if you get ill. 如果你生病了，就得去看医生。 2、否定句和疑问句的构成方式不同： 一般的情态动词直接在后面加not构成否定句，把这些情态动词提到句首就构成一般疑问句。 而have to 的否定句和疑问句的构成往往要借助于助动词do的适当形式或助动词will即have to, has to, had to和will have to的否定式分别为dont have to, doesnt have to, didnt have to和wont have to，疑问句是在句首加助动词do的相应形式，句中还原成have to或把will放到句首，这里have to简直就是一个十足的行为动词。 e.g. What does she have to do? 她必须做什么？ You didnt have to wait for me yesterday. 昨天你没有必要等我have AHD:hv D.J.h#v K.K.h#v v.（动词） hadhd hav.ing， hashz v.tr.（及物动词） To be in possession of: 拥有： already had a car. 已经有一辆车 To possess as a characteristic, quality, or function: 气质：有的特征、性质或功能： has a beard; had a great deal of energy. 蓄着胡子；精力充沛 To possess or contain as a constituent part: 包含：作为某物的组成部分而含有或包含： a car that has an automatic transmission. 有自动传动系统的汽车 To occupy a particular relation to: 有特殊关系： had a great many disciples. 有很多信徒 To possess knowledge of or facility in: 具有某方面的知识或才能： has very little Spanish. 懂很少一点西班牙语 To hold in the mind; entertain: 保持在脑中；怀抱： had doubts about their loyalty. 对他们的忠诚怀有疑虑 To use or exhibit in action: 发挥：通过行动来运用或显示： have compassion. 发挥同情心 To come into possession of; acquire: 占有；获得： Not one copy of the book was to be had in the entire town. 整个城镇都没有这本书 To receive; get: 收到；得到： I had a letter from my cousin. 我收到堂弟寄来的信 To accept; take: 接受；收纳： Ill have the green peas instead of the spinach. 我想要份青豆而不是菠菜 To suffer from: 经受，遭受： have defective vision. 视力不好 To be subject to the experience of: 经历，经验： had a difficult time last winter. 去年冬天日子不好过 To cause to, as by persuasion or compulsion: 促使：通过劝说或强迫导致： had my assistant run the errand. 让我的助手跑腿 To cause to be: 使成为： had everyone fascinated. 把每个人都吸引住了 To permit; allow: 允许；许可： I wont have that kind of behavior in my house. 在我家中我可不允许做那种事 To carry on, perform, or execute: 执行，做，实行： have an argument. 进行争吵 To place at a disadvantage: 把置于不利状态： Your opponent in the debate had you on every issue. 你的对手在争论中使你在每个问题上都处于下风 Informal To get the better of, especially by trickery or deception: 【非正式用语】 利用：尤指通过诡计或欺骗利用： They realized too late that theyd been had by a swindler. 他们发现被一个骗子耍了，但为时已晚 Informal To influence by dishonest means; bribe: 【非正式用语】 贿赂：通过不正当手段影响；贿赂： an incorruptible official who could not be had. 一位不为贿赂所动的廉洁官员 To procreate (offspring): 繁殖（后代）： wanted to have a child. 想要一个孩子 To give birth to; bear: 生；生育： Shes going to have a baby. 她就要生孩子了 To partake of: 吃喝： have lunch. 吃中饭 To be obliged to; must: 被迫：必须： We simply have to get there on time. 我们不得不准时赶到那里 To engage in sexual intercourse with. 性交：与产生性关系 v.aux.（助动词） Used with a past participle to form the present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses indicating completed action: 与过去分词连用构成现在完成时、过去完成时或将来完成时以表示结束的行为： The troublemaker has gone for good. I regretted that I had lost my temper. They will have finished by the time we arrive. 那捣蛋鬼已走上了正路。我对我曾大发脾气感到后悔。他们会在我们到那里的时候完成的 n.（名词） One enjoying especially material wealth: 富人：尤指享受物质财富的人： “Almost overnight, there was a new and widespread hostility on the part of the haves toward the have-nots”(Thomas P. ONeill, Jr.) “几乎是一夜之间，富人们就对穷人们滋生出一种新的和的仇恨”(小托马斯P.奥涅尔) have at To attack. 攻击 have on To wear: 穿戴： had on red shoes. 穿红色鞋子 To be scheduled: 策划：被安排在计划之内： We have a dinner party on for tomorrow evening. 明天晚上我们打算参加晚宴 have done with To stop; cease: 停止；结束： Have done with your foolish quibbling 结束你那愚蠢的诡辩 have had it【非正式用语】 To have endured all that one can: 忍无可忍：尽一个人最大的努力忍受： Ive had it with their delays. 对他们的拖拉我已忍到头了 To be in a state beyond remedy, repair, or salvage: 无法恢复：处于一种无法治疗、修补或拯救的状态： That coat has had it. 那件上衣已经破烂不堪了 To have done everything that is possible or that will be permitted. 已做完可能做的或被允许的一切事情 have it in for (someone) To intend to harm, especially because of a grudge. 尤指由于嫉恨而想伤害 have it out To settle decisively, especially by means of an argument or a discussion. 尤指通过争辩或讨论的手段最终解决 have (something) coming To deserve what one receives: 得到某人应得之物： You had that reprimand coming for a very long time. 你早该挨骂了 have to do with To be concerned or associated with. 与有联系或关联 Middle English haven 中古英语 haven from Old English habban * see kap- 源自 古英语 habban *参见 kap- have hAv; hEv, Ev, v; hAf v.aux. (过去式和过去分词为had hAd; 第三人称单数现在式为 has hAz; hEz, Ez) 构成各种完成形式业已, 曾经 You havent been abroad before, have you? 你以前没出过国, 是吧? 用于虚拟语气 If they had had they time, they would certainly come and help us. 如果他们有时间, 他们一定会来帮助我们。 have vt. 有, 怀有, 含有 知道, 了解, 懂得 吃; 吸(烟) 得到, 收到; 拿 允许, 容忍 体验; 享受; 经遭受; 碰到 宾语补足语用不带 to 的不定式表示使让、 叫某人做某事 宾语补足语用过去分词等结构表示使(在)某方面出现某种状态 不得不, 必须(to) 从事, 进行, 作(某事) 显示, 表现 表明, 说, 主张 英俚欺骗; 口打败, 胜过 生 have ones hair cut (请人)理发 H-a cup of tea? 喝杯茶吗? I had a parcel yesterday. 我昨天收到了包裹。 You were had! 你受骗了。 He had his hands burned. 他把手烧坏了。 I had to walk very fast to overtake you. 我不得不快走才能赶过你。 I wont have it. 我受不了。 As he has it. 据他所说。 have n. 常用复口有产者, 有钱人; (天然资源多的)富国 英俚欺诈, 诈骗 the haves and the have-nots 有钱人和穷人; 富国和穷国 be had 受骗, 上当 had rather 宁愿, 宁可 had sooner 宁愿, 宁可 I wont have it. 口我不能容忍这样的事。 Let him have it. 给他一点颜色看看; 狠狠地收拾他; 给他一枪。 not having any 口不同意; 不感兴趣 to have and to hold 【律】享有, 永远保有 What a have! 口真会骗人! what have you 诸如此类的事物, 等等 have about one 随身带 have at sb. 口扑向(某人); 袭击(某人); 与(某人)比高低 have back (have sth. back)要回, 收回 (have sb. back)允许(分离后的配偶或情人)回到自己身边 have by 同(某男人)生了(小孩) have had it 受够了, 忍无可忍了 错过机会; 完蛋了; 没希望了 (女人)被诱奸 have in (=have got.in) (have sb. in)邀请某人到家里来 (have sth. in)贮存备 have it 优越, 有利 挨骂; 遭殃; 受惩罚 (亦作 have it)有性感, 有性的诱惑力 恋爱 have it away 俚(同某人)乱搞男女关系, 私通 have it off 俚(同某人)乱搞男女关系, 私通 have it away with sb. 俚(同某人)乱搞男女关系, 私通 have it off with sb. 俚(同某人)乱搞男女关系, 私通 have it coming (to one) 美(某人受奖, 受罚等)是应得的, 是理所当然的 have it good 口生活好过优裕 have it easy 口生活好过优裕 have it soft 口生活好过优裕 have it in for sb. 美, 口 对某人怀恨在心, 伺机报复 have it in one 口有本领, 有气概 have it out 口(同某人)一决雌雄; (同某人)讲个明白 have it out have it out 口(同某人)一决雌雄; (同某人)讲个明白 have it over (=have it all over) 口胜过, 比.强 have it on (=have it all over) 口胜过, 比.强 have it that. 坚持, 硬说 have not much to do with 与.无多大关系 have on 穿着; 戴着 有(某事)要做; 有(某项)约会 口欺骗捉弄 有理由认为(某人)应负责; 掌握(某人)的事实证据 have sb. 欺骗某人 击败胜过某人 口难住某人; 抓住某人的错误 have sb. around 请某人来家做客(一般指请吃饭, 喝茶等) have sb. over 请某人来家做客(一般指请吃饭, 喝茶等) have sb. round 请某人来家做客(一般指请吃饭, 喝茶等) have sb. down 请某人来家做客(常指从城市到乡下, 从北方到南方) have sb. up 把某人请来作客(通常指从乡下到城内或从低地到高地) 口传唤(某人)到上级面前 口传讯控告某人 have sth. to do with 与.有关 have sth. against sb 因某事不喜欢某人 have sth. off (= have got sth. off) 能背诵, 谙记 have sth. on one (或ones person)随身带 have sth. about one (或ones person)随身带 have sth. out (请牙医, 外科医生等)把某物取出切除 坦率地讨论某事; 把某事讲个明白 让(某人)做完(某事) have to have got to 不得不, 只好 have to be 美, 口肯定是., 毫无疑问是. have to do with 与.有关; 与.来往 have what it takes 具备成功的必要条件参考资料：金山词霸2006助动词have的用法 1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态.例如： He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。 By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时.例如： I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。3）have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态.例如： English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。 英语教师课堂用语1 Lets get ready for class. 准备上课。2 Im sorry Im late. /Excuse me for coming late. 对不起，我迟到了。3 Please come earlier next time. 下次请早点到。4 Class begins. 上课。5 Whos on duty today?今天谁值日？6 Is everyone here? 都到齐了吗？7 Whos absent today? 今天谁没来？8 What day is today? 今天是星期几？9 Whats the date today? 今天是几号？10 Li Hong, have you collected all the exercise-books? 李红，作业本都收齐了吗？11 Here are your exercise-books. Please hand them out.这是练习本，请发下去。12 Monitor, would you please fetch some chalk for me? 班长，能帮我去拿些粉笔来吗？13 Open your books, please. 请翻开书。14 please turn to Page 12. 请翻开书到12页。15 Please take out your notebooks/exercise books.请拿出笔记本/练习本。16 No more talking, please. 请安静。17 Attention, please. 请注意。18 Lets have a dictation. 让我们来听写。19 Were going to have a new lesson today.今天我们要上新课。20 First lets have a revision. 首先我们复习一下。21 Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题？22 Do you have any questions? 你们有问题吗？24 Let me see. 让我看看/想想。25 Put up your hands if you have any questions. 如果有问题请举手。26 Raise your hands, please. 请举手。27 Hands down. 把手放下。28 Repeat after me/Follow me. 跟我读。29 Listen to me, please. 请听我说。30 Look at the blackboard/screen, please. 请看黑板/屏幕。31 All eyes on me, please. 请都看着我。32 Can you solve this problem? 能做出这道题吗？33 Lets read it together. Ready, go!大家齐声朗读，预备，起。34 Read slowly and clearly. 读慢一点，清楚一点。35 Who wants to try? 谁想试一试？36 Who wants to do it on the blackboard? 谁愿意到黑板上来做？37 Are you through? 做完了吗？38 Have you finished? 做完了吗？39 You did a very good job. 做得不错。40 Very good./Good try./ Well done! 完成得不错。41 Terrific!/ Wonderful! / Excellent! 很棒！42 Please give him (her) a big hand. 请给他/她一些掌声。43 Can you follow me? 能跟上吗？44 Do you understand? 你听懂了吗？45 Dont be nervous. 不要紧张。46 Any one can help him/ her? 谁来帮他/她一下？47 Any volunteers? 谁自愿回答？48 I beg your pardon? 对不起，能再说一遍吗？49 Take it easy.请放心/别紧张。50 Be brave / active, please. 请勇敢/主动些。51 Who wants to try? 谁来试试？52 Come up to the front, please. 请到前面来。53 Go back to your seat, please. 请回座位。54 Come on. You c