形容词(8).doc

形容词一、 形容词的定义形容词是修饰成分的词，说明名词的属性。二、 形容词的用法形容词在句中主要做定语、表语、宾补；间或做状语，但永远不能直接在句中做主语或宾语。1 作表语 Dictionaries are very useful. 2 作定语 There are a lot of important people in the hall. I have something new to tell you.3 作宾语补足语 The good news made her very excited.4 作状语 The man lay under the tree, tired and hungry.三、 形容词作定语的位置1 单个形容词修饰名词时放在这个名词的前面。而当两个或两个以上的形容词同时修饰一个名词时，顺序为： （ 1 ）限定词+新旧+大小+颜色+质地+名词 an old large red wooden chair （ 2 ）限定词+高低+年龄+国籍+名词 a tall young Chinese student （ 3 ）限定词+基数词+新旧+国籍+名词 his three new English dictionaries2 形容词在修饰不定代词时必须后置 There is nothing important in todays newspaper. Nobody else runs faster than John in his class, 注意：部分形容词只能做后置定语，如present（出席的， 在场的），以及a开头的形容词。the man alive活着的人，student present出席的学生四、 形容词的三种形式1 形容词的原级：形容词的原级由形容词原形构成。2 形容词的比较级和最高级 （ 1 ）单音节的形容词的比较级和最高级是在形容词的词尾加er、est构成 （ 2 ）双音节形容词的比较级和最高级：一般以y,ow,er,ble,ple结尾的在词尾加er,est构成；其他双音节的形容词，则在前面加more,most构成。如：happyhappierhappiest, narrownarrowernarrowest, modernmore modernmost modern （ 3 ）多音节的形容词的比较级和最高级是在形容词的前面加more,most构成。3 不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/oldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest注意：（ 1）older和elder的区别：elder表示年长的，指家庭成员之间的长幼关系，older指老的，旧的。 （ 2 ）farther和further的区别：farther指的是距离的远近，further指的是长度上的深浅，如：further study, further discussion五、 常见的形容词的三种形式的用法1 在没有比较范围和比较对象的情况下，只能使用形容词原级。主要用在以下搭配中： （ 1 ）asas搭配中的第一as的后面只能用形容词的原级。 （ 2 ）not so/asas搭配中的第一个as和so的后面也只能用形容词的原级；asas和soas的区别在于soas只能用在否定句，而asas则可用在肯定句、否定句或疑问句中。（ 3 ）我们还可以用not so/asas这个形容词原级的结构来表示比较级的概念。 注意下面的句型转换：Tom is not as tall as Peter. Tom is shorter than Peter. Peter is taller than Tom.（ 4 ）当asas中间有名词是采用以下形式：as+adj.+a/an+n.(单数)+as 如：as hot a day asas+many /much+n.+as 如：eat as much fruit as you can（ 5 ）倍数+asas ； 倍数+the size/amount/height/length/depth/width of The hall is 4 times as big as the classroom.=The hall is 4 times the size of the classroom.=The hall is 3 times bigger than the classroom.2 当句中有两样东西或者两个人相比时就要用than这个单词，than的前面一定要用比较级。下面向同学们介绍几点在做形容词的比较级是要注意的事项： （ 1 ）常用来修饰比较级的词：much, even, far, still, a little, a bit, a lot等，以及名词短语和分数等。much heavier, even worse, a head taller, one-third larger than （ 2 ）much只能用来修饰比较级，而more是用来构成比较级的。如：much more important , much lighter而不能说much clever , much more big （ 3 ）many more和many more的区别。请同学仔细观察下面两个短语后就能分清这两个短语的不同点了：many more workers/teachers/books, etc much more water/money/oil, etc （ 4 ）在of the two这个搭配中要用比较级，因为搭配中的two暗示我们比较的范围只有两个。He is the taller of the two. （ 5 ）借用比较级结构（比较级+than+any+other+可数名词单数）表示最高级概念。注意下面的句型转换：Tom is taller than any other student in his class.=Tom is taller than any of the other students in his class.=Tom is taller than anyone else in his class.=Nobody else is taller than Tom. Tom is the tallest student in his class.区别：Tom is taller than any girl.（ 6 ）形容词比较级的连用，表示越来越Hotter and hotter, more and more beautiful （ 7 ）the+比较级.，the+比较级表示越是越 The friendlier you are, the more people will like you. （ 8 ）no +比较级+than表示并不比.仅仅和一样的He is no taller than I. 他并不比我高，仅仅和我一样高。Your car is no newer than mine. 你的车并不比我的新，仅仅一样。 （ 9 ）前后比较的内容、形式和结构要保持一致。 The population of China is larger than that of American.China has a large population than America. He spent more time reading than writing.注意：用来指代前面出现过的名词时单数用that，复数用 those。3 当我们要在三个或三个以上的对象中对比的时候，我们就要用形容词最高级。形容词最高级必须带定冠词，这一点很重要。形容词最高级的一个明显的特征是：它的比较范围通常是由“in+表示整体概念的名词（单数）或者是由of+表示个体概念的名词（复数）构成。Tom is the thinnest boy in his class.This song is the most beautiful of all the songs in this film. （ 1 ）当我们要表达“最之一”概念时，我们要用one of the +最高级+可数名词的复数形式“。 （ 2 ）我们要表达第几大，或第几长的概念的时候，我们用the+序数词+形容词的最高级构成。 （ 3 ）修饰形容词最高级的副词和词组：by far, much, the very, quite, far, first, second by far the longest, the very best education六、-ing形容词和-ed形容词的区别 - ing形容词通常用来修饰物，表示令人-ed 形容词用来修饰人、表示感到The book is interesting. We are interested in it.We are all surprised at the surprising news.I. Fill in the blank with the given words in its proper forms.1. The song My Heart Will Go On in the film Titanic sounds _(wonder).2. We were _(surprise) to learn that he was French.3. Do you think they will be _(luck)enough to get the first prize.4. It was a very _(enjoy) game.5. The boy has a _(quickly) mind.6. The small river becomes even _(dirty).7. Do more exercises to keep _(health).8. The wounded soldier is getting even _(ill).9. Dylan is a _(honesty) boy, so nobody wants to make friends with him.10. He found an _(correct) mistake in his homework.11. Do you call this a _(physics) change?12. She looked _(excite) at the news.13. John is the _(tall) one of the two.14. The book tells us something about the _(change) world.副词一、 基本知识1. 在英语中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词或全句的词叫副词。2. 副词和形容词一样,有原级比较级和最高级这三种形式,而且从原级到比较级,到最高级的变化规则也是和形容词一样的,变化上唯一不同的是：形容词加ly收尾的副词的比较级或最高级，有时虽然是两个音节构成，却要加more或most 构成其比较级或最高级。 试比较：earlyearlier, slowlymore slowly 相同点：和都是副词；都是以收尾；都是两个音节构成的单词。 不同点：是加以后转换出来的词，而却不是。由此可以得出结论：所有加前缀后或后缀转换出来的副词必须加或构成比较级或最高级。 副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法和形容词这三种形式的用法基本一致，所不同的是：副词的最高级前面的定冠词the可带，也可不带。二、 答题要点1 副词在句中做状语的位置：修饰形容词时，放在形容词的前面；如果是修饰动词的，通常放在句末；修饰全句时，既可放在句首，又能放在句末。 Im very glad to meet you. （修饰形容词时，放在形容词的前面） I like the film very much. （如果是修饰动词的，通常放在句末） Luckily, we worried there just in time. （修饰全句时通常放在句首，用逗号与句子断开。2 在not so as 这个结构中，not必须是否定动词的。 Tom sings as well as John. (改成否定句) Tom doesnt sing as well as John.Fill in the blank with the given word in its proper form:1. When I looked out of the window, it was snowing _(heavy).2. The computer can _(easy) work out the problem in no time.3. I got up late yesterday, but _(lucky) , I managed to go to school in time.4. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _(safe)5. Watch _(care), and you will find the difference between the two pictures.6. The children were _(real ) excited when they saw the two pandas, Tuantuan and Yuanyuan.7. Listen ! the birds are singing _(beautiful) in the woods.8. The young mother is singing _(soft) to her baby son now.9. Nobody else in his class can speak English as fluently as he.（保持句意不变）H