实验八太阳黑子的投影观测及数据处理.doc

supervision in large and medium goods vehicle. A is established large vehicles and small vehicles classification management of motor vehicle test mode, increased medium van car, and dangerous goods transport car, and school car test project; II is established motor vehicle test regulatory platform, achieved motor vehicle test full process video, and data remote regulatory; three is strictly motor vehicle identification management, equipped with unified of identification equipment and tool, using mobile identification Terminal, and law enforcement records instrument, technology identification means. As to 20XX years June 20 statewide motor vehicle keep volume for 567,408 car, and last year earlier than growth 75,814 car, growth 13.36%; this year January-June, vehicles management section and license archives management section total accepted the motor vehicle registration business 42,543 car times, which registered registration 6,905 car times, and transfer registration 3,592 car times, and change registration 1033 car times, and mortgage registration 696 car times, and cancellation registration 187 car times, and into business 980 car times, and Archives corrections 81 pieces times, and issued test qualified logo 25,429 car times, and other vehicles business 3,640 car times; supervision Survey Section relies on motor vehicle detection remote issued test qualified logo software platform supervision motor vehicle test, and identification situation 7418l liangci, investigation motor vehicle exception business 30 car times, his pards business warning 244 article, vehicles and driving people sound video regulatory screenshots 1852 Zhang, checks motor vehicle archives 716 pieces times, and medium bus, and medium above truck, and Of hazardous chemicals, vehicles and school buses and other key vehicle inspection record of 420. (C) based on their own, and strict adherence to defense, more cheating, false false fugitive suspects, robbery suspect vehicles and the Internet crackdown. DMV full play to the first line of Defense position control, investigating cheating, fake identification and robbery suspect vehicles through operational work, and carefully examine the documents and legal proof, check traffic violations, traffic accidents, the fugitive suspect suspected vehicles and theft than to work, further tight car, driving management business formalities review procedures. . Truck driver information management platform. Motor vehicles and traffic police departments, State transport authority to further clarify the Division of labour, implementation responsibility, strengthen our collaboration and management together, reinforcing the management of drivers on which strongly synthetic warfare and information warfare. 3 strictly implemented. From May 1 up, a is implemented complex road and bad weather driving exam, currently DMV is urged contractors party in treasures driving school increased simulation Highway, and continuous urgent detours, and snow days, and wet sliding road, and burst situation disposal, subjects II field to driving exam project, is expected实验八 太阳黑子的投影观测及数据处理一、实验目的1学会太阳黑子的投影观测方法；2运用太阳球面坐标，黑子分型的相关知识，学会太阳黑子相应观测资料的处理方法。二、实验仪器天文望远镜附加太阳投影屏，黑子观测记录纸（图sh8.1）图sh8.1 太阳黑子观测记录纸三、太阳黑子的投影观测1.调节望远镜，使日面像进入视场，并按要求把记录纸固定在投影屏上，启动转仪钟。2.调节望远镜的焦距，使日像最清楚。3.调整投影屏的前后位置，使日像大小与观测纪录纸上的圆重合。4.确定投影屏上图纸的东西方向：调节望远镜，使其沿着赤经方向来回微动（利用电钮控制或手动操作杆来实现），移动图纸，使黑子移动方向严格地沿图纸上的东西方向运动（即图纸上的东西线与黑子移动方向一致）。5.描绘黑子时要求大小、形状尽可能一致，位置要准确。下笔时先轻描，当位置准确后再重描。先描本影，后描半影，全部描完后，再检查一遍，看是否有遗漏的小黑子 6.最后记录观测完毕的时刻及观测当日世界时为0h的P(日轴方位角)、B0（日面中心纬度）、L0(日面中心经度)和天气状况等。四、观测资料的分析处理太阳黑子投影观测每日数据处理包括:1. 黑子的分群、编号、分型一般相距极近的几个黑子常属于同一群，但也有仅一个单独黑子而相当于一群的。分群后，按黑子出现的先后，自西向东给黑子群一个顺序编号(见图sh8.2)。依据黑子的分型标准，给各群黑子标出所属类型。图sh8.2 太阳黑子图黑子群有好几种分类方法，在此我们只介绍苏黎世天文台的分类法：按照黑子群演变的发展阶段分为A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、J共9种类型。演变到最强是E型和F型，演变到最末是J型。A类：没有半影的黑子或者单极小黑子群。B类：没有半影的双极黑子群。C类：同B类相似，但其中一个主要黑子有半影。D类：双极群，两个主要黑子都有半影，其中一个黑子是简单结构；东西方向延伸不小于10。E类：大的双极群，结构复杂，两个主要黑子都有半影，在两个主要黑子之间有些小黑子；东西方向延伸不小于10。F类：很大的双极群或者很复杂的黑子群；东西方向延伸不小于15。G类：大的双极群，只有几个较大的黑子；东西延伸不小于10。H类：有半影的单极黑子或者黑子群，有时也具有复杂的结构；直径大于2.5。J类：有半影的单极黑子或者黑子群；直径小于2.5（见图sh8.3）。 图sh8.3 太阳黑子分型图 由于太阳是个球体，黑子群在日面边缘时形状会发生很大的变化，东西长度会大大缩短。因此对于刚从东面转出来的黑子群，等过两三天看到全貌后再确定类型比较妥当。 确定类型还要注意连续性，如果前后好几天都是E类，另有中间一天是C类，那么这一天也应记E类。当然，黑子群的类型有小的反复也是可能的，如从C类变到D类再回到C类等。2黑子和黑子群日面位置的测定 日面坐标 日面经度L：从本初子午圈向西计量（0 360）。 日面纬度B：从太阳赤道分别向南北两极量度90。日轴方位角P：太阳自转轴与地球自转轴夹角的投影，由P值可确定日面坐标的北点。范围：26.30。 日面位置的测定查天文年历中的太阳表，记录下观测日世界时为0h的B0（日面中心纬度），L0(日面中心经度)，P(日轴方位角)。因 B0、P值一天内变化不大，不必做改正，而L0在一天内变化较大，要用线性内插法进行改正，求出观测时刻的日面中心经度L值。 根据P值，在黑子投影图上画出日期日轴，P 0时，日轴偏于北点之东。 根据B0值选出合适的日面经纬网格图(见图sh8.4，日面经纬网格图从0-7，每隔0.5一张，共15张，光盘中只给出日面中心纬度B0 =1.5,5,7的日面经纬网格图，其他纬度的日面经纬网格图请自查相关资料)，将其按日面坐标套在描迹的黑子观测记录纸上。在黑子网格图上，读出黑子和黑子群的日面纬度、日面经度（先读出中经距，再加上日心经圈的经度）。测量日面经纬度时，对黑子群应选取其面积重心度量。图sh8.4 日面经纬网格图(B。=5.0) 3黑子面积的测定 (1) 用毫米直尺量出黑子或黑子群至日面中心的距离r（mm）。 (2) 用特制的毫米方格纸，数出黑子和黑子群的毫米方格数A（mm2），计算出日面上的黑子面积Sd = A106 /(R 2)R：为日面半径（mm），Sd以太阳半球面积的百万分之一为单位。(3) 考虑日面的投影效应，应对Sd进行改正，使其归化到球面面积SP = Sd secarc sin(r/R)(太阳半球面的百万分之一)。(4) 对各黑子、黑子群分别归算，最后进行累计。图sh8.5 毫米方格示意图4求太阳黑子相对数R可按公式 R= K(10g+f) 计算太阳黑子相对数。 式中，g为观测到的黑子总群数，f为黑子的总个数，K为台站转换系数，一般可取K=1。注意:一个半影中有5个本影黑点，黑子个数应为5。只有一个本影点算一个黑子。 5. 将计算结果填入表格200 年 月 日 世界时： P： B。： L： 编号坐 标r / R方格数SdSpr分型纬度经度中经距全群最大黑子全群最大黑子全群最大黑子 相对数：S： 总： 面积S： 总： N： N：图sh8.6 太阳黑子待测图to September end of Qian by standard completed transformation; II is implemented on medium van car actual road driving exam qualified Hou, increased security civilization driving common sense exam, carried out new driving people led card Qian education and led card Hou visit; Three is implemented driving people exam full process real-time regulatory, is contact subjects three exam system production manufacturers, is expected to September end of Qian in exam car Shang added loaded for exam students of camera, completed subjects three video, and audio monitoring; four is implementation driving training quality full process regulatory, statewide 15 home driving training institutions car class driving people training has all application computer timing training management system, fingerprint recognition system is implementation, is expected to October 1 Qian completed installation. Exists problem: recalled first half of of work, vehicles management although made has must of results, but and superior led of high standards, and strict requirements also has gap, away from social and people increasingly growth of service requirements also has insufficient, away from constantly new of car tube work also has many does not apply echo urgently solution of problem: main performance in: a is with I State urban and rural political, and economic, and culture of constantly prosperity development, driving people keep volume growth of momentum increased, third quarter, Will and ushered in driving people training exam work of and a unprecedented of peak, driving people exam work will faced new of pressure and challenge; II is vehicles high-speed growth situation still will keep more long period, motor vehicle keep volume growth 13.36%, driving people keep volume growth 9.35%, led to this year motor vehicle keep volume 567,408 car is greater than driving people keep volume 565XX6 people of not reasonable phenomenon, vehicles management work faced of situation will more severe; three is complex changeable of social environment and public opinion power, To police vehicles management work brings new test, current society public opinion is complex, to network for focus of opinion supervision power constantly grow, effect increasingly wide, in m