词义猜测题 课件.doc

一，设问方式：What does themean by saying “”?What does the underlined word “” mean?What does the underlined word “” refer to? In theparagraph, the wordmeans (refers to) _.According to the passage, probably means _.The word “” in paragraph can best be replaced by .By saying “”, the author means What do you think the expression “” stand for?二，解题方法：1， 构词法：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super(超), inter(在之间), able(能的), mini(极少的，微型的)，micro(极微小的), re(再，反复), sub(分支的，底下), co(共同),pre(前), under(在之下；低于；不足), hood(状态；性质；时期), ish(如的；有点儿的), wards(向), mis(误；恶), un(不；非), in(不；非), im(不； 非), dis(不), non (不；非)，less(不；无), anti(反；防)。合成形容词的构成方法如下:形容词+现在分词，如 good-looking副词+现在分词，如 hard-working名词+过去分词，如 state-owned名词+现在分词，如 peace-loving合成名词常见的方式有：名词+名词，如 silkworm形容词+名词，如 shorthand现在分词+名词，如waiting-room动词+名词，如 pickpocket派生法前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。如 dependdependenceindependence如： He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious,_for a few minutes.(1) 根据前缀猜测词义例如： Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?(2) 根据后缀猜测词义例如： Its a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on Englands most southerly point(3) 根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例如： Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists. (2010年广东华南师大附中高三综合测试)Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts. Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals extracted from shark cartilage have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, a research that someday could help prolong your life. ()The underlined word “prolong” in the paragraph means _. A. save B. protectC. lengthen D. improve2， 定义法： 通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组等来确定词义。（1）. 直接定义：如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义句的标志常为be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to，that is, be called, be known as, define, represent等. 如： In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.Mary felt perturbed,_that is, she was greatly disturbed by her sisters action.There are two types of fat, external_fat(fat under skin)and internal_fat (fat inside the body wall) 【例句】Genetic learning is learning by a species animals of the same kind as a whole （2）. 同位语复述：构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, ie. 等副词或短语出现。例如： In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today 1) They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. _2) We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week. _（3）. 定语从句：定语从句有时起着解释和说明的作用，据此我们可以推断出所修饰词的含义。如： The herdsman,_who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.(2010年四川师大附中高三模拟题) You should never put a cotton swab or other object into the ear canal. But you can use a swab or cloth to clean the outer part of the ear. The experts agree with the old saying that you should never put anything smaller than your elbow in your ear.()What does a “swab” mostly probably mean?A. something soft, small and used in clinicsB. something hard, long and used at homeC. something thin, wet and like an elbowD. something safe, big and like a toy Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces .According the passage, The Pines is a .Aplace in which you can see many mobile homesBmountain where you can get a good view of the valleyCtown which happens to be near the Banff National ParkDrestaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food3， 类比、对比法：（1） 根据对比关系猜测词义 在一个句子或段落中，有时对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词来猜测其词义。英语中表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 和while 引导的并列句等。 如： Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. (2010.湖北，B篇)For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parentspoint of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescentscomplete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.56. What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean?AThe teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B. The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.C. The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.D. The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents. Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1,500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead. The underlined word “disposable” in the passage probably means “_”A. acceptable B. valuableC. throwaway D. longlasting（2）根据类比关系猜测词义 表示类比关系的词和短语主要有similarly, like, just as, also, as well等。如： Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。如： Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.4， 因果法：根据因果关系猜测词义，because, so that, so/suchthat等。 在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。如： Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. （2010.福建，B 篇）Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995;by 2005 the number had climbed about 60%.That is some way behind the U.S.,where there are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the internet. Five millions more families in Sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of Taliban, which had outlawed TV,1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013-pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.60.The underlined word “outlawed”in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”.A. allowed B. banned C. offered D. refused（2010.全国，E 篇）I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.73.Which of following words can best take the place of the word “relish”in the second paragraph?A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry onI feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “ ”.Afull of respect Btoo confident and rudeClacking in experienceDtoo shy and quiet举例法：标志词for example, for instance, like符号则有e.g. (举例)、i.e.（也就是）The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.例如： You can take any of the periodicals:_The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. 5， 根据上下文及生活常识推测法： 我们可以根据上下文与生词密切相关的句子，对生词进行合情合理同时合乎上下文语境的推测。 有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如： The snake slithered through the grass. （2010.全国，C 篇）Beijings skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in private car. This has led to the growth of a leisure industry in the capitals suburbs ,which until the late-1990s were unreachable to ordinary people. According to Mr. Wei, about 40% of the visitors to his resort come in their own car. The rest are bused in by schools, businesses or government offices.52. The underlined words “leisure industry”in paragraph 3 refer to A. transport to ski resortsB. production of family cars C. businesses of providing spare time enjoyments D. part-time work for people living in the suburbs (2010年湖南省六校联考) But sometimes I just feel loath to talk to these people. Sometimes, I just want to be alone, quietly, without being forced to listen to their gossip or other useless words.()The underlined word “loath” in this paragraph has the closest meaning to _.A. unwilling B. eagerC. pleased D. hurtWilliam Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .Asimple Bmixed Csad DhappyIs it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is “yes”, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. (2011全国大纲卷 E篇) It was four days after that life changing moment for the seventeenyearold high school student from Destrehan, Louisiana she was still on cloud nine. “I was so shocked! I never believed that it could actually really happen.” Present in the audience(观众)that day were: her mother and father, older brother, her friends, and her dance teacher.56. What do the words “on cloud nine” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Frightened. B. Troubled. C. Very happy. D. Very angry、Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19yearold college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked_on_teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in the passage probably mean “_” A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teachingWhen Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standardbased learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers.The underlined word “daunting” in the passage most probably means “_”. A. discouraging B