建筑工程英标规范(混凝土)中英文.doc

精品文档SECTION: 2 第2章 混凝土PART 1GENERAL 第1节 总则1 DESCRIPTION 说明All concrete work is governed by this Section. 所有混凝土工程受本章的管理。Work Included: Provide all cast-in-place concrete, complete and in place, as required by the Work, specified herein on the drawings and specifications. 包括的工作：按照图纸上规定的工作和相关标准要求，完整而到位地提供所有现浇混凝。RELATED WORK: 有关工作1 General Requirements 一般要求2 Material 材料3 Concrete Mix 混凝土配合比4 Construction Requests 施工要求1.1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:一般要求1.1.1. Concrete shall be batched only with approved materials, approved mix designs, and at approved facilities. 只能使用批准的材料、批准的配合比设计和在批准的设施内对混凝土进行配料。1.1.2. The Contractor shall define the method of design of the mix, by reference to a recognised published design method. 承包商应通过参考认可的设计方法确定配合比设计。1.1.3. Plant trials shall be carried out for each grade and type of concrete in the contract, 你unless approved otherwise by the Engineer. 除非监理工程师另有批准，应对每种标号和种类的混凝土进行工厂试验。1.1.4. Aggregate proportions shall be based on measured and not assumed relative densities. 集料的比例应根据测量的而非假设的相对密度。1.1.5. If requested by the Engineer, concrete mix designs which include an admixture shall be prepared and tested 如果监理工程师要求，应准备和检验含外加剂的混凝土配合比设计。1.1.6. Results of the trial mixes must demonstrate that the mix complies with the strength, workability and durability requirements of specification. 试验配合比的结果必须证明所采用的配合比符合规范的强度、和易性和耐久性要求。1.2. QUALITY ASSURANCE 质量保证1.2.1. Reference Codes and Standards. Concrete work shall conform in general to the requirements of BS 8110 and BS 5328. 参考规范和标准混凝土工程一般应符合英国BS8110和BS5328的要求。1.2.2. The following codes and standards referenced herein but not dated shall be those of the latest edition on the date of the Purchase Order contract. 以下引用的但未标注日期的规范和标准应当是定购合同之日的最新版本的规范和标准。1. BS 12 -Portland cement 硅酸盐水泥（英国标准）2. BS 812 -Testing aggregates 检验集料（英国标准）3. BS 882 -Aggregates from natural sources for concrete 混凝土的天然集料（英国标准）4. BS 1881 -Methods of testing concrete 混凝土的检验方法（英国标准）5. BS 3148 -Water for making concrete (including notes on the suitability of the water) 混凝土用水（包括关于水的合适性的注释）（英国标准）6. BS 4027 -Sulphate-resisting portland cement 抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥（英国标准）7. BS 4408-Recommendations for non-destructive methods of test for concrete 对混凝土非破坏性检验方法的建议（英国标准）8. BS 4550 -Methods of testing cement 水泥检验的方法（英国标准）9. BS 5075 -Concrete admixtures 混凝土外加剂（英国标准）10. BS 5328 Part 1 -Guide to specifying concrete 混凝土说明指南（英国标准）11. BS 5328 Part 2 -Methods for specifying concrete mixers 说明混凝土搅拌机的方法（英国标准）12. BS 5328 Part 3 -Specification for the procedures to be used in producing and transporting concrete对在生产和运输混凝土中使用的程序的说明（英国标准）13. BS 5328 Part 4 -Specification for the procedures to be used in sampling, testing and assessing compliance of concrete 对在取样、 检验和评价混凝土的符合性时使用的程序的说明（英国标准）14. BS 6089 -Assessment of concrete strength in existing structures 对既有结构物的混凝土强度的评价（英国标准）15. BS 6100 -Glossery of building and civil engineering terms 建筑和土木工程术语词汇汇总表（英国标准）16. BS 6699-Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag 磨细矿渣水泥（英国标准）17. BS 8110 -Structural use of concrete 混凝土的结构用途（英国规范）1.2.3 Quality Control: Do not begin concrete production until all mix designs have been reviewed and certified by the Engineers Representative. 质量控制：只有当工程师代表审查和批准了所有的配合比设计时，才能开始混凝土的生产。1.2.4 Workmanship: The Contractor is responsible for correction of concrete work which does not conform to the specified requirements including strength, tolerances and finishes. 工艺： 承包商应负责纠正不符合规定要求，包括强度、公差和表面光洁度的混凝土工作。1.2.5 Should cubes testing indicate unacceptable concrete, coring, load testing or removal and replacement of the concrete may be required to the client. 如果砼试块试验显示混凝土不合格，可能需要进行提取芯样、荷载试验或清除并替换混凝土。1.2.6 Concrete may be subject to settlement. It should be noted that top of concrete elevations should reflect final installation elevations after any settlement. 混凝土可能会沉降。应注意到，混凝土的顶部标高应当反映所有沉降后的最终安装标高。1.3 Concrete Testing Services: 混凝土的检验设施1.3.1. The Contractor shall set a Testing Laboratory approved by the Engineers Representative to perform the testing of the concrete during the progress of the work. It should have the capacity to perform material evaluation tests, to design concrete mixes, and to perform strength tests associated with form removal. 承包商应设置一个实验室。该实验室应获得监理工程师代表的批准，承担工程进展过程中的对混凝土的检验. 并具备材料的评估试验，设计混凝土配合比和涉及模板拆除有关的强度检验的能力。2. MATERIALS 原材料2.1. Recent independent test results acceptable to the Engineer confirming compliance with the specified requirements and referenced standards. 工程中所使用材料应具备符合相关规范和相应标准的合格证，并得到监理工程师的认可。2.2. Cement 水泥2.2.1. nufacturers certificates shall also be supplied with each consignment of cement certifying compliance with the relevant standard. Deliver by bulk or in the original sealed containers or bags, bearing the manufacturers name, cement type and date of manufacture, in batches not exceeding 100 tonnes.对于每次交货的水泥应配有产品合格证书，证明产品符合有关标准。散装或者使用密封容器或袋装分批提供水泥，每批不超过100吨，水泥外包装上注明厂家名称、水泥品种和生产日期。2.2.2. Provide cement samples from each consignment delivered to the site as required by the Engineer for testing. 按照监理工程师的要求对进场的每批货提供水泥样品，用于检验。2.2.3. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) shall conform to BS 12 or ASTM C150 Type I. 普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）应符合BS12第1类。Unless noted otherwise, MSRC shall be utilized for grade C25 concrete. Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement (MSRC) shall conform to BS 4027 Type II除非另有说明，C25混凝土应使用中等抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥。中等抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥(MSRC)应符合BS4027 类型II2.3. GGBS 磨细矿渣2.3.1. Manufacturers certificates with all information necessary to verify compliance with BS 6699 shall also be supplied with each consignment of GGBS. 对于每次交货的磨细矿渣水泥应配有含有所有必要资料的产品合格证书，证明产品符合英国标准6699。2.3.2. As requested by the Engineer for independent testing. 依照监理工程师的请求进行独立检验。2.3.3. GGBS shall comply with BS 6699, in addition to the following requirements, unless other wise approved by the Engineer. 除非监理工程师另有批准，磨细矿渣应符合BS6699以及以下要求。1）.Raw material (slag) is limited to one source. Slag supplied or blended from several different plants or steel mills will not be accepted unless approved by the engineer. 天然材料 （矿渣）限于一种来源。除非监理工程师批准，不能接受由几个不同工厂或钢铁厂提 供的或拌合的矿渣。2）. GGBS shall be supplied to the concrete batching plant in bulk powder form. 磨细矿渣应以散装粉末方式提供给混凝土搅拌站。3）. Interground slag cements shall not be used. 不得使用中等磨细矿渣水泥。4）. Preblended slag cements shall not be used. 不得使用预混合矿渣水泥。2.4. Microsilica 硅粉2.4.1. Manufacturers certificates with all information necessary to verify compliance to an Internationally recognised standard shall also be supplied with each consignment with Microsilica. 对于每次交货的硅粉，应配有含有所有必要资料的产品合格证书，证明产品符合国际认可的标准。2.4.2. Microsilica shall comply with an internationally recognized standard, in addition to the following requirements, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除非工程师另行批准，硅粉应符合国际认可的标准以及下列要求。2.2.3 Raw material (Microsilica) is limited to one source. Microsilica supplied by more than one vendor will not be accepted, unless approved by the Engineer. 天然材料（硅粉）限于一个来源。除非工程师另有批准，不得接受多个卖主提供的硅粉。2.2.4 Microsilica shall be supplied to the concrete batching plant in bulk powder form. 硅粉应以散装粉末形式提供给混凝土搅拌站。2.5. Aggregates 集料2.5.1. Provide samples of both fine and coarse aggregates for testing prior to beginning deliveries. 在材料进场前提供细集料和粗集料的样品。2.5.2. Aggregates shall meet the requirements following general requirements, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除非监理工程师另批准，集料应符合以下一般要求。1） Aggregates shall consist of hard, durable, uncoated particles containing no harmful material in quantities sufficient to adversely affect the concrete or reinforcing steel. 集料应由坚硬的、耐用的和未涂层的颗粒组成。颗粒不含有数量足以严重影响混凝土或钢筋的有害物质。2） Aggregates shall comply with the requirements of BS 882. 集料应符合BS882的要求。2.6. Water 水2.6.1. Provide samples of water proposed for concreting works. 提供拟用于混凝土工程的水的样品。2.6.2. Water used for concrete-mixes and washing of equipment shall be potable water and shall comply with the requirements of BS 3148, unless otherwise stated herein or in Table 5. 除非这里有规定或表1中有规定，混凝土混合物和设备清洗用水为饮用水，并且符合BS3148的要求。2.6.3. The pH of water used in concrete work shall be in the range of 7 9. 混凝土工程用水的pH值应在4 9之间。2.6.4. Whenever required to do so by the Engineer, the Contractor shall take samples of the water being used for mixing concrete and test them for quality as directed by the Engineer. 无论何时当监理工程师要求时，承包商应对用于拌合混凝土的水进行取样，并且按照工程师的指示检验水的质量。表TABLE 1CHEMICAL LIMITATIONS FOR MIXING WATER 拌和水的化学限制Max. Concentration最大浓度Test Method检验方法Limit, mg/l限制，毫克/升（美国材料实验协会标准） 1.Chloride (as CI) 氯化物ASTM D512250 2.Sulphates 硫酸盐ASTM D516350 3.Alkali carbonates and bicarbonates碳酸碱和重碳酸盐ASTM D513500 4.Total dissolved ions, including 1, 2 & 3 above 总的溶解离子，包括上面的1、2、3 5.PHASTM D1888ASTM D12932000min 4/max9最小4/最大92.7. Admixtures 外加剂2.7.1. Manufacturers technical specifications and recommendations. 制造商的技术说明书和建议2.7.2. Recent trial results acceptable to the Engineer illustrating the efficiency of the product for its particular application. 监理工程师可接受的、说明产品特殊应用的功效的近期试验结果。2.7.3. Admixtures shall comply with the standards of BS5075, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除非工程师另行批准，外加剂应符合标准BS 5075。2.7.4. The Contractor shall provide at least the following technical data for each type of admixture. 承包商应当为每种外加剂至少提供以下技术资料。1） Solid content. 固体含量2）. Specific gravity. 比重3）.The typical dosage and the effects of under dosage and over dosage. 典型剂量和剂量不足和剂量过量的后果。4）. The generic type(s) of the main active constituent(s) in the admixture. 外加剂中主要活性成分的一般类型5）. Whether or not the admixture contains chloride. 外加剂是否含有氯化物。6）. Whether or not the admixture leads to the entertainment of air when used at the proposed dosage. 当按照拟议的剂量使用时外加剂是否会导致充气。7） Where more than one admixture is used simultaneously in the same concrete, details shall be provided on their interaction and compatibility.当在同一种水泥中同时使用几种外加剂时，应提供它们相互作用和兼容性的详细资料。2.7.5 Admixtures shall be free of chlorides. 外加剂不应含有氯化物。2.7.6.Admixture shall not impair the durability of the concrete nor combine with constituents to form harmful compounds nor increase the risk of corrosion of reinforcement. 外加剂不应损坏混凝土的耐久性，也不能与混凝土的成分组合形成有害的化合物，也不能增加对钢筋的腐蚀风险。2.7.7.The use of the Admixtures shall be strictly controlled to ensure that only correct dosages are utilized as prescribed by the manufacturer and as determined by the trials. 应严格控制外加剂的使用以确保只有制造商规定的和试验确定的正确剂量被使用。3. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN : 混凝土配合比设计.Concrete Mix design with at least the following information: 混凝土的配合比设计应至少具有以下信息：Type of cement 水泥种类Cement content 水泥含量GGBS content磨细矿渣含量Microsilica content 硅粉含量Max. aggregate size 最大集料尺寸Combined grading curve 组合级配曲线Quantities of all individual materials 所有单独材料的数量Name of admixture 外加剂名称Target slump (at discharge) 目标坍落度（卸料时）Details to calculate W/C ratio 计算水灰比的详细资料Compressive strength 抗压强度Hardened density 凝固后的密度Water permeability 渗水性RCP 快速氯化物渗透Bleeding 泌水性SO3 and Cl contents氧化硫含量和氯化物含Concrete shall comply with the requirements of Table 2 and Table 3 unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. Reference shall be made to the Engineers drawings for particular job mix designation. 除非监理工程师另行批准，混凝土应符合表2和表3的要求。关于特殊的工作配合比名称，应参考监理工程师的图纸。表TABLE 2GRADES OF INFRASTRUCTURE & SUBSTRUCTURE CONCRETE 基础和下部结构的混凝土标号ConcreteGrade砼标号Nominal Sizeof Agg.mm集料尺寸Min. Cementitious Contentkg/m3最小水泥含量Min. (*)GGBS Content by Weight of Cementitious Material%磨细矿渣占水泥重量的最小% Min. (*)MSContent by Weight of Cementitious Material%硅粉占水泥重量的最小%Max.W/CRatio最大水灰比Cube StrengthAt 28 days第28天的试块强度Target Mean Strength目标平均强度N/mm2Specified Compressive Strength规定抗压强度N/mm2C15C252020280 -15252030表TABLE 3GRADES OF UPSTRUCTURE- CONCRETE上部结构的混凝土标号ConcreteGrade砼标号Nominal Sizeof Agg.Mm集料尺寸Min. Cementitious Contentkg/m3最小水泥含量 Min. (*) GGBS Content by Weight of Cementitious Material%磨细矿渣占水泥重量的最小%Max. W/CRatio最大水灰比Cube StrengthAt 28 days第28天的试块强度Target Mean StrengthN/mm2目标平均强度N/mm2Specified Compressive StrengthN/mm2规定抗压强度N/mm2C20202202025(*)A proposal deemed to meet concrete durability requirements. It could be revised if Concrete specifications can be met otherwise . 被认为符合混凝土耐久性要求的建议，可以对该建议进行修改。3.1 Preliminary Tests (Trial Mixes ) 初步检验（试验配合比）3.1.1 Preliminary laboratory tests shall be carried out to determine the mixes to satisfy the specification with the approved materials. 应进行初步的实验室试验以确定使用批准材料的配合比满足技术规范。Trial mixes shall be tested to determine the following properties of mixes proposed for initial field tests: 对试验配合比进行检验以确定拟用于最初现场试验的配合比的以下性质。1）. Bleeding in accordance with ASTM C232 (non-vibrating ) shall not exceed 0.5%. 根据美国材料试验协会C232 （非振动）泌水性不大于0.5%。2）. Drying shrinkage in accordance with BS 1881 Part 5.符合英国标准1881 第5节的干收缩3） Air content if applicable BS 1881 Part 106. 含气量，若适用，符合BS1881第106节。4） Free water / cement ratio. 自由水灰比5）. Workability BS 1881 Part 102. 和易性，BS1881 第102节6）.Fresh and hardened concrete densities BS 1881 Parts 107 and 114 respectively. 新浇混凝土密度和凝固混凝土密度分别符合BS1881第107节和第114节。7）. Compressive strength BS 1881 Part 116 抗压强度，BS 1881 第 116节If the values obtained are unacceptable, the mixes shall be redesigned. 如果以上数值是无法接受的，应当重新设计配合比。3.1.2 At least 35 days before commencement of concreting, trial mixes shall be prepared under full - scale site conditions and tested in accordance with BS 1881. 至少在混凝土浇筑开始前35天, 应按照完全的现场条件准备试验配合比,并且根据BS1881进行试验.3.1.3 Trial mixes shall be made on each of three days; the workability shall equate to the designed target value. Six cubes from each mix shall be taken, three for test at 28 days. 在三天中的每天制作试验配合比；和易性应等于设计目标值。每个配合比应制作6个试块，其中3个 试块用于28天试验。3.1.4 Further trial mixes shall be made if the range (the maximum minus the minimum of the three cube results in any batch) exceeds 15% of the average of that batch, or if the range of the three batch averages exceeds 20% of the overall average of the batches. 如果范围值 （任何批次混凝土的三个试块试验结果的最大值减去最小值）大于该批次的平均值的15%，或者如果三个批次平均值的范围值大于这些批次的总平均值的20%，应当继续制作试验配合比。3.1.5 The average 28 day CCS of the three trial mixes shall not be less than the designed mean strength, and the results of the above tests shall be acceptable before the mix is approved. Otherwise the mix shall be redesigned. 三个试验配合比的28天混凝土平均抗压强度应不小于设计平均强度，而且在批准配合比之前以上试验的结果应当是可接受的。否则，应重新设计配合比。3.2 Quality Control 质量控制3.2.1 Test Cubes 试块1） Cubes shall be manufactured in an on-site laboratory, specially equipped for the purpose, in controlled conditions. They shall be made, cured, stored, transported and tested to BS 1881 Parts 108, 111 and 116. 试块应在控制的条件下在专门配备设备的现场实验室制作。应按照英国规范BS1881第108节、 111节 and 116节制作、养护、储存、运输和检验试块。3.2.2 Sampling Cubes试块取样1） From each sample three cubes shall be made for testing at 28 days and three for testing at 7 days for control purposes. The 28 day CCS shall be the mean of three cubes. 为了控制目的，应从每个样品中制作三个试块做第28天试验，并且制作三个试块做第7天试验。第28天的混凝土抗压强度应当是三个试块的平均值。2） Samples shall also be taken and two cylinders cast to determine the tensile strength of the concrete at 7 days and 28 days, as specified in BS 1881 Part 117. These samples shall be taken from every 100 batches, but at least once a week during concreting operations, and shall coincide with samples taken for test cubes. 按照英国规范BS1881第117节的规定，提取样品和浇筑两个圆柱体以确定混凝土的第7天和第28天的抗拉强度。每100批混凝土应提取样品，但是在混凝土浇筑施工中至少每周一次取样，而且与试块取样相符合。3.2.3 Cube Strength Results 试块强度结果The results will be unacceptable if : 如果有以下情况，试块强度结果将不合格：1） .The average strength determined from any four consecutive test results does not exceed the CCS by 0.5 times the current margin.根据任何4个连续试验结果确定的平均强度不大于混凝土抗压强度的通用差额的0.5倍。2） One or more results in forty is less than 85% CCS. 40个试块试验的一个或多个强度结果小于混凝土抗压强度的85%。3） Three or more results in forty are less than CCS. 40个试块试验的三个或多个强度结果小于混凝土抗压强度。4. PART 4EXECUTION 第4节 施工4.1. ROUTINE CONCRETE TESTING 常规的混凝土检验4.1.1 Under the supervision and direction of the Engineer, the Contractor shall perform all tests as shown in Table 10, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除非工程师另行批准，承包商，在工程师的监督和指示下，应进行表4中规定的一切检验。表4 TABLE 4 FREQUENCY OF TESTING FOR FRESH AND HARDENED CONCRETE 新浇混凝土和凝固混凝土的检验频率Test 检验内容Minimum Frequency 最低频率C20C40 and Above 及以上Temperature 温度As directed by the Engineer 按照工程师的指示Each load 每车Concrete Slump 砼坍落度每Every 25m3Each load 每车Concrete density and compressive strength 混凝土密度和抗压强度6 cubes per 100m Min. once per day6 cubes per 50mMin. once per day。每50m取6个试块，每天至少一次。Concrete unit weight (wet) 混凝土容重 （湿）Twice per day每天两次Every 50m3 Min. twice per day。每50m取1个，每天至少二次Concrete bleeding 混凝土的泌水性NA 不适用As directed by the Engineer。按照工程师的指示Water permeability 渗水性NA不适用3 cubes every 100m3 or as directed by the Engineer 。每100m 取3个试块，或者按照工程师的指示Rapid Chloride Penetration (RCP) 氯化物快速渗透NA不适用3 cubes every 250m3 or as directed by the Engineer 。每250m 取3个试块或者按照工程师的指示SO3 and Cl contents硫酸盐和氯化物含量As directed by the Engineer按照工程师的指示Every 250m3 or as directed by the Engineer每250m取1个或者按照工程师的指示4.2 Routine Test Cubes 试块常规检验4.2.1 Test cubes shall be randomly taken from the concrete which is being used in the work and prepared in accordance to the relevant standard and the following provisions, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除非工程师另有批准，应随机地从工程中使用的混凝土中提取试块，并且按照有关标准和以下规定制作试块。1） All cubes shall be made at the point of delivery and all cubes for each set must be from the same load (transit mixer truck). 所有的试块应在混凝土进场地点制作，并且每组的所有试块必须取自于同一车混凝土 （搅拌车）。2） Use approved cube moulds of the same type and manufacture for making all test specimens. 使用批准的、同一类型和厂家的试模制作所有检验样品。3） All cubes shall be kept in closed insulated boxes for initial curi