早产儿的护理 英文ppt课件

Careofpreterminfants Neonatalclassification Thecharacteristicsofpreterminfants Thereasonsofpreterminfants Relevantnursingproblemsandmeasures 1 2 3 4 Healtheducation 5 MainContent Neonatalclassification Birthweight Weightandgestationalage Gestationalage Accordingtotheclassificationofgestationalage Full terminfant 37足周 胎龄 42足周Pre terminfant 28足周 胎龄 37足周Post terminfant 胎龄 42足周 Accordingtotheclassificationofbirthweight 1 Normalweightinfant 2500g BW 4000g2 Lowbirthweightinfant BW 2500g的新生儿3 Verylowbirthweightinfant BW 1500g的新生儿4 Extremelylowbirthweightinfant BW 1000g的新生儿5 Giantinfant BW 4000g的新生儿 Accordingtotheclassificationofbirthweight Accordingtotherelationshipbetweenbirthweightandgestationalage 1 Appropriateforgestationalage第10百分位 体重 第90百分位2 Smallforgestationalage出生体重 第10百分位3 Largeforgestationalage出生体重 第90百分位 Appearancecharacteristics Physiologicalcharacteristics Thecharacteristicsofpreterminfants Theappearanceofprematureinfants Theappearanceofprematureinfants Appearance Prematurebabies 四肢屈曲状 肌张力差 Fullmoon Theskin 红润 皮下脂肪丰富 毳毛少 绛红 水肿 发亮 毳毛多 Prematurebabies Fullmoon Genitals male Prematurebabies 睾丸已降 阴囊多皱摺 睾丸未降 阴囊少皱摺 Fullmoon Genitals female Fullmoon Prematurebabies 大阴唇遮盖小阴唇 大阴唇不能遮盖小阴唇 Mammarygland Prematurebabies Fullmoon Plantar print Prematurebabies Fullmoon Auricular Prematurebabies Fullmoon 生理特点 循环 呼吸 泌尿 消化 神经 免疫 体温 Physiologicalcharacteristics Respiratorysystem 1 Therespiratorycenterisnotmature easyapnea2 Alveolarsurfaceactivesubstance lesseasytohappenpulmonaryhyalinemembranedisease3 Thecoughresponseispoor pronetoinhalationlunginflammationoratelectasisCirculatorysystem heartrate bloodpressurewaslowerthanthoseoffullterm thecapillaryabnormalbloodvessels highbrittleness encountereasilybleeding Physiologicalcharacteristics Digestivesystem 1 Thestomachcapacityissmall cardiacsphincterrelaxation suckforceandtheswallowingreflexispoor easytospillthemilk chokingmilk 2 Avarietyofdigestiveenzymes secretionofbilesaltlessfatdigestionandabsorptionoffatispoor pronetonecrotizingenterocolitis TheliverThefunctionisnotperfect isnotentirelytobilirubinmetabolism andphysiologyJaundiceisheavier andthelongtime TheliversynthesisofclottingfactorsandeggsWhitematterlesspronetoproduceanemiaandhypoalbuminemia liverglycogenstoragedeposit lesspronetohypoglycemia Physiologicalcharacteristics Thermoregulation bodytemperatureadjustmentfunctionisnotperfect basalmetabolismislow Easilyhappenedhypothermiaandhardswollen sweatglandfunctionatthesametimecanispoor theenvironmentofhightemperatureheateasily Immunesystem thehumoralimmunityandcellularimmunityarenotperfect andeasytodevelop Allkindsofinfectiousdiseases andthedifferenceaftertheillnessisthemoreheavy theyareeasyinsepsis Physiologicalcharacteristics Urinarysystem renalfunctionisnotperfect pronetowaterandelectricitysolutionquality andthedisorder Functionofthenervoussystem thesmallertheage thepoor allkindsofreflectionalsothemorebad Pregnantwomenfactors 1 Theuterinetumor endometritis andcervixrelaxation Pelvisandspinaldeformities2 Pregnancy inducedhypertensionsyndrome 3 Chronicdiseasessuchas heartdisease kidneydisease nephritis liverdisease sugarUrinarydisease endocrinedisorders severepulmonarytuberculosis4 Anemiaandseverehemolyticdisease Acuteinfectiousdiseasesaccompaniedbyhighfeveracuteorchronicpoisoning 5 Intenseemotionalfluctuations orstrain6 Accidentalinjuryorsurgery 7 BadhabitsandhobbyFetalplacentalfactors 1 Thetwinsorfetalabnormalities2 Earlyruptureorplacentaprevia placentaearlystripping3 Multiplepregnanciesorhydramnios abnormalumbilicalcord etc Thereasonsofpreterminfants Relevantnursingproblemsandmeasures Infantfeedinginvalid Temperatureregulationisinvalid Thereisariskofinfection Unabletomaintainspontaneousbreathing Anxiety Nursingproblems Nursingmeasures 1 Generalcare 1 Suitablefortheenvironment 室温24 26 晨间护理增至27 28 湿度55 65 2 Givetherightposition 侧卧 每2 3h更换1次 3 Closelyobservetheillness 监测体温 呼吸 脉搏等生命体征 注意观察患儿的精神 进食 反射 面色 哭声以及大小便的情况等 2 Symptomaticcare1 Keepstabletemperature Tokeepwarm 合理设置暖箱的温度出箱的条件 体重增至2000g以上 体温能保持正常 吸允良好 Preventheatdissipation 双手温暖 氧气应加温 加湿 Monitorthebodytemperature 每4小时一次 体温稳定后每天测2次 并记录 Thenormaltemperatureofdifferentbirthweight 出生温箱温度体重 kg 35 34 33 32 1 0初生10天内10天后3周以后5周以后1 5初生10天内10天后4周以后2 0初生2天内2天后3周以后 2 5初生2天 相对湿度55 65 2 Reasonablemasterfedmilkvolumeandtimeinterval 喂养时注意观察婴儿面色及心率 血氧的变化 选择合适的奶头与体位 3 Topreventinfection 医护人员严格消毒隔离制度 强化洗手意识 应加强口腔 皮肤及脐部的护理 发现微小病灶都应及时处理 保持皮肤的完整性和清洁 确保空气及仪器物品洁净 严格控制入室人数 防止交叉感染 4 Tomaintainnormalbreathing positionundertheshoulderpadisasoftpillow 出现呼吸暂停时 吸氧 持续低浓度 30 40 拍打足底 托背呼吸等5 Promotetheinteractionswiththebaby mor