定语从句中关系副词的用法

.定语从句中关系副词的用法关系副词，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where 和 why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：1.表时间的名词+ when + 定语从句when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例句： i still remember the day when i first came to beijing.ill never forget the day when i joined the army.2.表地点的名词+ where + 定语从句where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句： the factory where his father works is in the west of the city.this is the house where i lived two years ago.3.表原因的名词 reason + why + 定语从句 (why 只用于 reason之后的限制性定语从句中 ,在定语从句中作原因状语。)例句：that is the reason why i did the job.(在现代英语中 why 可以省略 )上句也可以这样表示：that is the reason i did the job.又如： this was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）“when”、“ where”和“ why ”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地 点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分， 比较下面的几组句子：*i will never forget the day when i first met you on the beach.*iwillnever forgetthe days which/thatwe spent together inxueyao middle school.*this is the hospital where my mother works.*this is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.*the reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.*this is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .2) “ when”、“where”和“ why”都可以替换成“介词+ which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：doyou stillremember the day on whichwe firstmet innantong?(on which=when)this is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)do you know the reason for which he refused to go to mary s birthday party. (for which=why)有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中， 常使用“介词+ which”结构， 而不使用关系副词。例如：my mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.;.atnight the soldiers got toa small hill,at the footofwhichstood a farmhouse.3) 关系副词“ when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。例如： i will always remember the day when i first visited the great wall.he came to shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12. i don t know the exact spot where they will meet.mr wang will fly to beijing, where he will stay for three months.有时关系副词“ when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。doyou remember one afternoon ten years ago when icame to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?the days are gone forever when the chinese people us“edforeign oil. ”.4) “ that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“ when, where、why”和“介词 + which ”结构，尤其在“ the time when”等结构中的“ when”常被“ that”代替，而且“ that”往往省略。i may leave here any time i want to.during the time i was there i visited him twice.this is my second time i have come to your country.5) “ which ”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“ which ”在非限制性定语从句中的特殊使用，如：the doctor advised himto give up smoking, whichadvice he didnot follow.定语从句专项练习1. this is the place john was born? a whichbwherec. whend that2. he is the only person i want to talk to.a. thatb. whichc. whod. whose3. is this problem the teacher explained last week? a the oneb thatc which d one4. the high building stand four policemen is the police station a whichbthatc in front of itd. in front of which5. my mother will give mary a model plane she will like to play a whichbthatc for whichd with which6. the film brought the hours back to me i was taken good care of in that far away village.a untilb thatc when dwhere7. there are times i wonder why i do this job a asb whilec whichd when8. after living in london for thirty years，mr smith returned to the smalltown he grew up as a childa whichbwherec thatd when9. they had a long talkabout the persons and things they both knewa whomb whatc. thatd which 10that is the very book i am looking for.a thatbwhichc whatd as11. who is the scientist is going to give us a talkon space this sunday?a thatb whoc. whichd whom12i dont like the way you speak to your teacher abin thatc. whichdof which13. could you tell me when to get the book i want to read?a whatb whocdit14. the days we spent in tokyo together will never be forgotten.a. whenbwhichc whod on which15a pen friend of mine i often receive letters asked me for some chinese coins.a whobwhomcto whod fromwhom16. dont forget the day you were admitted to beijing university. a whenb thatc at whichd. where17. perhaps this is the only shop you can get such cheap goods.a. thatbof whichc by whichdwhere18i can still remember the place the evening.my brother and i used to sit ina whichb whatc .thatd where19. is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.a. whichb. whenc. whatd. as 20all is needed is a supply of oil.a. the thingb. whatc. thatd. which21. he was seriously ill when he was a child, made him lose his sight.a. asb. thatc. whichd. it22. in the dark street, there wasn t a single person he could turn for help.a. thatb. to whomc. whod. from whom 23he told the same story i told.a. thatb. whichc. asd. it24. the best work is that tom has done.a. itb. whichc. whend. where25. the first thing we should do is to water the flowers in front of the room.a. whichb. asc. whatd. that26. any girls knew him were teachers.a. whereb. thatc. theyd. whom27. the house fell and hurt a woman and her dog were just passing by.a. whichb. asc. thatd. who 28that is the hotel we stayed last year.a. in thatb. in whichc. whyd. at which29. this is the reason we made mr li headmaster of our school.a. whereb. whenc. befored. why30. the student who does well in hislesson is the monitor modest and studies hard.a. whob. thatc. asd. whichis very答案与简析：1b. 先行词是地点，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。2.a.先行词被 the only, the very, the last等修饰时， 关系代词常用that。3a.缺少先行词，故选a,作宾语的关系代词省略。4d介词+关系代词引导定语从句。5d. play with是一个固定结构，故选with which 。6c先行词为时间名词hours，在定语从句中作状语。7d先行词为时间名词times，在定语从句中作状语。8b先行词为地点名词，在定语从句从中作状语。9c先行词包含人和物，关系代词只能用that。10 a. 先行词被 the very 修饰，关系代词只能用that。11a. who 引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句关系代词只能用that ,以免重复。12 a. way 为先行词时，关系代词用that 或 in which 或不填。13 c关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，指物，可以用that 或 which 或不填。14 b spent是及物动词，关系代词which 作其宾语。15 d receive a letterfromsb收到某人的来信，先行词为人，故选from whom。16 a.先行词为时间，在定语从句中作状语,表示何时进入北大。17d.先行词为地点，在定语从句中作状语。18. d.先行词为地点，在定语从句中作状语。19. d. as 引导的定语从句在句中