华中农业大学研究生B班综合英语教程课文翻译-程辉辉.doc

华中农业大学研究生B班综合英语教程课文翻译目录Unit 1 Hungry for your love2Unit 2 Cross cultural negotiation5Unit 3 John S. Niederhauser6Unit 4 Here is new york9Unit 5 The hidden danger of seat belts11Unit 6 Yoga in America14Unit 1 Hungry for your loveIt is cold, so bitter cold, on this dark, winter day in 1942. But it is no different from any other day in this Nazi concentration camp. I stand shivering in my thin rags, still in disbelief that this nightmare is happening. I am just a young boy. I should be playing with friends; I should be going to school; I should be looking forward to a future, to growing up and marrying, and having a family of my own. But those dreams are for the living, and I am no longer one of them. Instead, I am almost dead, surviving from day to day, from hour to hour, ever since I was taken from my home and brought here with tens of thousands other Jews. Will I still be alive tomorrow? Will I be taken to the gas chamber tonight?那是1942年黑暗的冬天，刺骨的寒冷。在纳粹集中营里这司空见惯。我穿着单薄的破衣，站在那里瑟瑟发抖，始终不相信噩梦的发生。我还是一个男孩，应该和朋友们玩耍；应该去上学；应该憧憬美好的未来：长大成人，结婚，建立自己的家庭。所有这些属于活着的人们，我将不再是其中的一个。实际上，我濒临死亡，自从我同成千上万的犹太人一样，从家里被带到这里开始，一天、一小时的侥幸偷生。Back and forth I walk next to the barbed wire fence, trying to keep my emaciated body warm. I am hungry, but I have been hungry for longer than I want to remember. I am always hungry. Edible food seems like a dream. Each day as more of us ，disappear, the happy past seems like a mere dream, and I sink deeper and deeper into despair. Suddenly, I notice a young girl walking past on the other side of the barbed wire. She stops and looks at me with sad eyes, eyes that seem to say that she understands, that she, too, cannot fathom why I am here. I want to look away, oddly ashamed for this stranger to see me like this, but I cannot tear my eyes from hers.在铁丝网围成的栅栏之间，我来回走动，试图保持自己衰弱的身体暖和一些。我很饿，这种饥饿的感觉我都记不清究竟持续了多久。我总是处在饥饿状态。可吃的东西对我来说就像一个梦。每天我们中的一些人消失了，这幸福的离去也仿佛像一个梦，我陷入越来越深的绝望。突然，我看见一个女孩从铁丝网的另一边走过。她停下来，用忧伤的眼神看着我，那眼神仿佛说她理解我的内心，就是不明白为什么我会在这里。我想要把目光转向别处，陌生的人这样看我让我感到莫名的羞愧，但我却不能。Then she reaches into her pocket, and pulls out a red apple. A beautiful, shiny red apple. Oh, how long has it been since I have seen one! She looks cautiously to the left and to the right, and then with a smile of triumph, quickly throws the apple over the fence. I run to pick it up, holding it in my trembling, frozen fingers. In my world of death, this apple is an expression of life, of love. I glance up in time to see the girl disappearing into the distance.她把手伸进口袋，掏出一个红苹果。一个美丽的泛光的红苹果。哦，我看到这样的苹果那是太久以前的事了。她小心的左右看了看，带着胜利的喜悦，迅速把苹果扔过铁丝网。我跑过去捡了起来，用我颤抖的、僵硬的手捧着，在我认为死亡的世界里，这个苹果就是生命、爱的表达。我迅速地又看了看消失在远处的女孩。The next day, I cannot help myself-I am drawn at the same time to that spot near the fence. Am I crazy for hoping she will come again? Of course. But in here, I cling to any tiny scrap of hope. She has given me hope and I must hold tightly to it.第二天，我控制不住我赢弱的身体又来到铁丝网边那个地方。梦想她能再来？当然，在这里，我要抓住一丝一毫的希望。她已经给了我希望，我必须紧紧抓住。And again, she comes. And again, she brings me an apple, flinging it over the fence with that same sweet smile.她真的来了，又带给我一个苹果，带着同样甜美的微笑把苹果扔过栅栏。This time I catch it, and hold it up for her to see. Her eyes twinkle. Does she pity me? Perhaps. I do not care, though. I am just so happy to gaze at her. And for the first time in so long, I feel my heart move with emotion.这一次，我接住了，并高高举起给她看。她的眼睛闪烁着。她在怜悯我吗？也许。不管怎样，我管不了那么多。我幸福地注视着她。在这么长时间里，我第一次感到我的情感被激发了。For seven months, we meet like this. Sometimes we exchange a few words. Sometimes, just an apple. But she is feeding more than my belly, this angel from heaven. She is feeding my soul. And somehow, I know I am feeding hers as well.在接下来的七个月，我们以这种形式见面。有时交谈几句，有时只是一个苹果。但这个来自天堂的天使，填饱的不紧紧是我的肚皮。她也填补了我的灵魂。某种程度，我也一样慰籍了她的灵魂。One day, I hear frightening news: we are being shipped to another camp. This could mean the end for me. And it definitely means the end for me and my friend. The next day when I greet her, my heart is breaking, and I can barely speak as I say what must be said: Do not bring me an apple tomorrow, I tell her. I am being sent to another camp. We will never see each other again. Turning before I lose all control, I run away from the fence. I cannot bear to look back. If I did, I know she would see me standing there, with tears streaming down my face.一天，我听到了一个可怕的消息：我们将被运到另一个集中营。这将意味着生命的结束。当然也意味着我和她的结束。第二天当我和她打招呼时，我的心碎了，我几乎讲不出我必须讲的话：“明天不要再给我带苹果了，”我告诉她，“我将被送到另外一个集中营。我们再也见不到面了。”在我失去控制之前我转身跑离了栅栏。我不敢回头看。如果那样，她会看到我站在那里，泪如泉涌。Months pass and the nightmare continues. But the memory of this girl sustains me through the terror, the pain, the hopelessness. Over and over in my mind, I see her face, her kind eyes, I hear her gentle words, I taste those apples.数月过去了，梦魇仍在继续。但女孩的记忆支撑着我熬过恐惧、痛苦和绝望。在我的心里一次又一次看见她的脸、她的眼睛，听见她温柔的话语，品味那些苹果。And then one day, just like that, the nightmare is over. The war has ended. Those of us who are still alive are freed. I have lost everything that was precious to me, including my family. But I still have the memory of this girl, a memory I carry in my heart and gives me the will to go on as I move to America to start a new life. Years pass. It is 1957. I am living in New York City. A friend convinces me to go on a blind date with a lady friend of his. Reluctantly, I agree. But she is nice, this woman named Roma. And like me, she is an immigrant, so we have at least that in common.突然有一天战争结束了，噩梦也结束了。我们这些活下来的人被释放了。我失去了对于我来说所有宝贵的东西，包括我的家庭。但在我心中，我一直珍藏着女孩的记忆，她给我生存的希望，使我能够移居到美国开始新的生活。多年过后，那是在1957年，我生活在纽约。我的一个朋友说服我去约会一位女士，这位女士是他的朋友。我很不情愿的同意了。这位女士叫Roma，非常优雅。和我一样也是一个移民，至少在这一点上我们是相同的。Where were you during the war? Roma asks me gently, in that delicate way immigrants ask one another questions about those years.“战争期间你在哪里了？”Roma轻声的问我，用那种在那些年里移民之间都用的方式。I was in a concentration camp in Germany, I reply.“在德国的一个集中营里。”我答到。Roma gets a far away look in her eyes, as if she is remembering something painful yet sweet.Roma的眼神有一些飘忽，仿佛记起什么痛苦而又甜蜜的事情。What is it? I ask.“怎么了？”我问。I am just thinking about something from my past, Herman, Roma explains in a voice suddenly very soft. You see, when I was a young girl, I lived near a concentration camp. There was a boy there, a prisoner, and for a long while, I used to visit him every day. I remember I used to bring him apples. I would throw the apple over the fence, and he would be so happy.“Herman，我只是想起了过去的一些事情。”她突然用一种非常柔和的语调说：“当我还是个小女孩时，住在集中营的附近。那里有一个男孩，一个犯人。有一段时间，我天天见他，并且给她带一个苹果，从栅栏上面扔过去，他非常开心。”Roma sighs heavily and continues. It is hard to describe how we felt about each other-after all, we were young, and we only exchanged a few words when we could-but I can tell you, there was much love there. I assume he was killed like so many others. But I cannot bear to think that, and so I try to remember him as he was for those months we were given together.Roma深深地叹了一口气，继续说：“很难表达我们之间的感受，毕竟那时我们都年轻，我们只是简短的交流，但我可以告诉你，那里面有深深的爱。我想他可能和其他人一样被杀了。但我又不堪想象，所以极力回忆我们在一起的那段岁月。”With my heart pounding so loudly I think it wil1 explode, I look directly at Roma and ask, And did that boy say to you one day, Do not bring me an apple tomorrow. I am being sent to another camp?我的心砰砰跳，快要爆炸了，我直愣愣地看着她问：“是不是有一天那个男孩告诉你明天不要再带苹果来了，我将被送到另外一个集中营。”Why, yes, Roma responds, her voice trembling.“啊，是的。”她答到，声音颤抖了。But, Herman, how on earth could you possibly know that?“但是，你怎么能知道这些呢？”I take her hands in mine and answer, Because I was that young boy, Roma.我握住她的手说，“因为我就是那个男孩呀！Rome。”For many moments, there is only silence. We cannot take our eyes from each other, and as the veils of time lift, we recognize the soul behind the eyes, the dear friend we once loved so much, whom we have never stopped loving, whom we have never stopped remembering.接着是长时间的沉默。我们无法把目光已开，彼此盯着对方。时间停止了，我们再次看到了目光背后的心灵，我们曾经深爱的朋友，从那以后从未停止的爱，从未停止过的思念。Finally, I speak: Look, Roma, I was separated from you once, and I dont ever want to be separated from you again. Now, I am free, and I want to be together with you forever. Dear, will you marry me?终于，我说：“听着，Rome。我和你分开过一次，以后我永远不要再分开。现在，我自由了，我想永远和你在一起。亲爱的，你愿意嫁给我吗？”I see that same twinkle in her eye that I used to see as Roma says, Yes, I will marry you, and we embrace, the embrace we longed to share for so many months, but barbed wire came between us. Now, nothing ever will again.我看见她的眼里一样闪着泪光，“是的，我愿意嫁给你。”我们拥抱在一起，这个拥抱我们期待了这么长时间，但是那时有铁丝网在我们之间。现在，再也不会有了。Almost forty years have passed since that day when I found my Roma again. Destiny brought us together the first time during the war to show me a promise of hope and now it had reunited us to fulfill that promise.自从我再次见到Rome近四十年了。命运在战争期间把我们带到一起，并给了我一个希望的诺言，今天又是命运使我们重逢并履行了诺言。Valentines Day, 1996. I bring Roma to the Oprah Winfrey Show to honor her on national television. I want to tell her in front of millions of people what I feel in my heart every day:Darling, you fed me in the concentration camp when I was hungry. And I am still hungry, for something I will never get enough of: I am only hungry for your love.1996年的情人节，我把Rome带到the Oprah Winfrey 的全国电视台的谈话栏目，以她的名义做了一期节目。我想在成千上万的观众面前告诉她每一天我的内心感受：“亲爱的，在集中营里，当我饥饿的时候，是你给我填饱了肚子，现在我仍然感到饥饿，并且永远都不会满足，那就是你的爱。”Unit 2 Cross cultural negotiation跨文化谈判在广阔的跨文化交流中，是专业领域中的一种。通过接受跨文化谈判的培训，谈判者和销售人员会比竞争对手有优势。有讨论提出，文化对跨文化谈判是不重要的。它主张一个提议只要有财政吸引力，它将会成功。然而，对于推进国际业务这是个幼稚的方式。让我们看一个简明的例子，跨文化谈判训练如何使国际商务人士受益。在中东，有两个谈判者和同一个潜在客户进行交易。他们两个都有相同的建议和方案。其中一方忽视了跨文化谈判训练的重要性，并认为他的建议可以说明他本身。另一方进行了一些跨文化谈判训练，他/她了解客户方的文化、价值观、信仰、礼节和进行交易、会议、谈判的方法。十之八九，后者将会成功击败对手。这是因为，第一，他们有可能使主谈判队喜欢，第二，他们有能力以一种使潜在结果达到最大值的方法进行更适合的谈判。（他们能够使他们的方法适应谈判，从而尽可能赢得谈判)。跨文化谈判不仅仅是外国人如何完成交易。它涉及到寻找所有可以影响进程的因素。通过强调这一点,应当提供一些包含跨文化谈判训练主题的简单例子。眼神交会:在美国,英国和大部分北欧国家,强有力的,直接的眼神交会传达着自信和真诚。在南美洲，它是一个可信赖的标志。然而,在一些文化中如日本,长时间的眼神交会被认为是粗鲁的,通常要避免它。个人空间和接触:在欧洲和北美,商务人士在交谈时通常会保持一定量的距离。肢体接触只发生在朋友朋友之间。在南美和中东,商务人员喜欢接触并且是亲密的接触。日本或中国,很多情况下,人们在谈话时常保持四英尺的距离。肢体接触只发生在亲密的朋友和家庭成员之间。时间:西方社会有很强的时间意识。时间就是金钱，守时是非常重要的。像在日本和中国也是这样，迟到被认为是对对方的侮辱。然而，在南美洲、南欧和中东地区，准时赴会并没有这种紧迫感的意思。会见&问候：大多数国际商务人士见面都会握手。在一些国家，异性之间握手并不合适。有些人认为轻轻握手是软弱的表现，而有些人认为强有力的握手是有侵略性的表现。应该怎么称呼别人呢？是叫名，姓，是头衔呢？是不是先进行一小段闲聊再进入正式议程呢？赠送礼物：赠送礼物在中国和日本是商务礼仪中必不可少的一部分，然而，在英国和美国却有着负面含义。在哪里交换礼物，一个人是否应该赠送丰富的礼物？他们总是被回赠吗？礼物是否需要包装？是否需要避开某些数字或者颜色？上述所有的因素在某种程度上都影响着跨文化谈判，并且这些因素只能通过跨文化培训去了解。在错误的时间做错或说错事情，沟通不畅以及对跨文化的误解，这些都会产生有害的后果。在关注跨文化谈判形式和技巧差异之前，需要将跨文化谈判培训的基础建立在对国外商务礼仪和方式的理解之上。在进入跨文化谈判之前，我们需要考虑三个互相关联的方面。关系基础：在大多数欧洲和北美地区，生意就是合同性质。个人关系被当做是不健康的因素因为个人关系可能使客观性变得混乱和复杂。在南美和大部分亚洲地区，业务是个人的。只有伙伴关系是他们所知道的能使他们相互信任并感觉舒服的因素。因此开展业务之前投资建立关系是必要的。谈判信息：西方企业文化把使用数据和事实清晰的呈现和理性的讨论商业计划放在重要的位置。其余企业文化依靠相似但有差异的信息。举例，视觉和口头沟通南美企业更喜欢用演讲或者地图，图形和图表来呈现信息。谈判风格：我们着手谈判的方式由于文化的差异而有所不同。例如,在中东，人们谈判时可能同时讨论多个问题，而不是依次讨论不同的主题。南美人在谈判时则是表现得绘声绘色。日本人会进行团队商议，并且会基于双方同意的情况下做出决定。在亚洲，通常是由最资深人士或一家之主对事情进行决策的。在中国，谈判代表在如何获得让步的艺术方面培训得很好。在德国，因为需要信息分析和深度的数据统计，所以需要花费很长时间才做出决定。在英国，可以施用压力策略和实施期限的方式达成协议，而在希腊这样只会适得其反。很显然地当接触到跨文化谈判时需要考虑一些因素，通过跨文化谈判的训练，给予业务人员能帮助他们准备业务陈述和有效推销的适当知识。（帮助他们提升自己再谈判中的表现，提高自己的销售业绩）。通过调整你的行为和接近谈判的方式，你一定会成功的最大限度地发挥你的潜力。Unit 3 John S. Niederhauser约翰 尼德赫瑟（有道翻译）John S. Niederhauser, internationally renowned scientist and University of Arizona adjunct professor of plant pathology since 1985, died August 12 at age 88. He was a pioneer in international cooperation for the improvement of agricultural productivity worldwide. Known throughout the world as “Mr. Potato” for developing potato varieties resistant to late blight disease, his work has impacted agricultural production in more than 60 countries. 约翰 尼德豪泽，国际知名科学家和自1985植物病理学亚利桑那大学客座教授，八月十二日88岁去世的。他是在为全球农业生产力的改进国际合作的先锋。世界闻名的“土豆先生”发展马铃薯品种抗晚疫病，他的工作已经影响了农业生产在60多个国家。“In 1990, in recognition of his significant contributions to improving the world food supply and alleviating hunger and malnutrition, John was awarded the prestigious World Food Prize, the equivalent of the Nobel Prize in agriculture,” said Eugene Sander, vice provost and dean of The University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. The UA was a major sponsor of Niederhausers nomination for this honor. “在1990，他在改善世界粮食供应的重大贡献的识别和减轻饥饿和营养不良，约翰荣获世界粮食奖，诺贝尔奖的农业相当，”尤金说教授，副教务长兼亚利桑那大学生命科学学院。UA是尼德赫瑟被提名为这个荣誉的主要赞助商。In 1946, Niederhauser joined the newly formed Rockefeller Foundation Mexican Agricultural Program. He spent 15 years working in Mexico on corn, wheat and bean production. During this time, he began to study potato production in Mexico. His work over the next several decades focused on the improvement of potato production in many developing countries. 1946，新成立的洛克菲勒基金会，尼德赫瑟加入了墨西哥农业计划。他在墨西哥工作了15年的玉米，小麦和大豆生产。在此期间，他开始研究墨西哥马铃薯生产。他的工作在未来几年集中在许多发展中国家的马铃薯生产的改进。Due to the success of this work, the International Potato Center, now supported by CGIAR, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, was established in Lima, Peru in 1971. In 1978, John established the Regional Cooperative Potato Program (PRECODEPA) in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. This cooperative program has grown to include 12 countries. Similar programs have been established throughout the world. 由于这项工作的成功，国际马铃薯中心，由CGIAR支持，国际农业研究咨询集团，成立于利马，秘鲁1971。1978，建立区域合作计划约翰马铃薯（precodepa）在墨西哥，美国中部，和加勒比。该合作项目已发展到包括12个国家。类似的计划已在全世界确立。One of Niederhausers most important scientific contributions was the development of potato varieties with resistance to late blight disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Phytopthora infestans. This pathogen was responsible for many potato disease outbreaks around the world, including the Irish potato famine during the 1840s. 一个尼德赫瑟的重要科学贡献什么，开发马铃薯品种对晚疫病的抗性干枯，由真菌病原体致病疫霉引起的马铃薯晚疫病。本病原是负责许多疾病大流行的马铃薯在世界各地，包括在1840年代爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒。During his research, Niederhauser discovered that the source of the pathogen responsible for the Irish potato famine came from Mexico. More importantly, he discovered many wild inedible potato species in Mexico that possessed a durable field resistance to the late blight fungus. He began breeding work using these resistant lines which resulted in a collection of commercially useful resistant potato varieties. These new varieties allowed subsistence farmers around the world to be able to grow potatoes for the first time with few or no chemical fungicide applications. 在他的尼德赫瑟的研究，发现负责爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒的菌源来自墨西哥。更重要的是，他发现了许多野生的不能食用的马铃薯品种在墨西哥拥有一个对晚疫病菌的抗性持久的场。他开始使用这些抗性品系来选育商业上有用的抗马铃薯品种的工作。这些新品种，让世界各地的自耕农能够种植马铃薯具有很少或没有化学杀菌剂的应用程序第一次。Niederhausers work resulted in the establishment of the potato as the fourth major food crop worldwide. As a result of this work, potato production in Mexico increased from 134,000 metric tons in 1948 to greater than 1 million metric tons by 1982. 尼德豪泽的工作导致的马铃薯确立为第四大粮食作物。作为这项工作的结果，墨西哥马铃薯产量从134000吨到1000000吨1948大于1982。In addition to his efforts with potato late blight, one of Niederhausers greatest contributions was also the large number of scientists and leaders he trained during his career. More than 180 international scientists came and worked with him in his Mexican field plots. He spent considerable time with students as well. 除了他与马铃薯晚疫病的努力，一个尼德赫瑟的最大贡献也是科学家和领导者，他在他的职业生涯中大量的训练。180多个国际科学家就曾与他在墨西哥地块。他花费了大量的时间与学生。“Over the past 10 years John always gave the annual capstone lecture for graduate students in the fall introductory plant pathology course here in Tucson,” said Hans Vanetten, professor in the Division of Plant Pathology. “It was a chance for these students in agricultural science to interact with someone who had really made a difference in agriculture in the world.” Niederhausers last lecture at the UA was in 2004. “I will always be grateful for having Dr. John Niederhauser as an advisor in my studies at the University of Arizona, “ said Ramon Jaime-Garca, who was the last UA graduate student Niederhauser advised as an adjunct professor. “This was a great opportunity to meet and interact with one of the worlds greatest plant pathologists. John will be remembered not only for his groundbreaking scientific contributions, but also for his concern for and actions on behalf of people. No matter what happened, he always looked happy and enjoyed meeting with people. With his departure from this world, we not only lose a great scientist, but also a friend who cared for and advocated younger generations.” “过去10年，约翰总是给研究生在秋天介绍植物病理学课程在图森的年度压轴演讲，”汉斯，在植物病理学科教授。“这是这些学生在农业科学的人真的在世界农业的差异互动的机会。”尼德赫瑟的最后讲座在UA是2004。“我将永远感激有约翰尼德豪泽博士在亚利桑那大学作为我的学习顾问，说：”拉蒙，谁是最后的UA研究生尼德豪泽建议作为客座教授。“这是与一个世界上最伟大的植物病理学家进行交互的一个很好的机会。约翰将记住他不仅开创性的科学贡献，而且对他的关注和行动的代表人。不管发生什么事，他总是很快乐，喜欢与人会面。他从这个世界出发，我们不仅失去了一位伟大的科学家，也有朋友关心和倡导年轻一代。”“John was always a pleasure to interact with. His sense of humor, storytelling and compassion about science-and more importantly about all people-made him an irreplaceable treasure,” said Leland Pierson, chair of the Division of Plant Pathology. “约翰总是与快乐。他的幽默感，讲故事和同情科学更重要的是所有的人使他成为一个不可替代的宝藏，”利兰说的皮尔森，植物病理学主任。Niederhauser won numerous awards throughout his career. More recent recognition includes the 1991 American Institute of Biological Sciences Distinguished Scientist Award; the 1996 Medal of Merit by the Ministry of Agricultural Development, Panama; 2001 Honorary Doctors Degree by the National Agricultural University, Mexico; 2002 Honorary Diploma by the Department of Agriculture, State Government of Mexico; 2002 Honorary Recognition of Outstanding Contribution by the Global Initiative on Late Blight (GILB); 2002 Honorary Doctorate by Oregon State University; and Honoree in 2003 at the 50th Anniversary Meeting of the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, Costa Rica. 尼德赫瑟赢得了无数的奖项在他的职业生涯。最近的识别包括：生物科学1991美国杰出科学家奖；1996枚功勋奖章，由农业发展部，巴拿马2001；名誉博士学位由国家农业大学墨西哥；2002荣誉证书，由农业部，墨西哥州政府；2002突出贡献的荣誉全球倡议（马铃薯晚疫病）；2002俄勒冈州立大学的名誉博士学位；并获2003在泛美农业合作研究所第五十周年纪念会议，哥斯达黎加。Niederhausers strong commitment to international cooperation and education led to the establishment a number of endowments, including the John and Ann Niederhauser Endowment (JANE), the American Phytopathological Society (APS) International Service Award, and the John S. Niederhauser APS student travel fund to support student