生物化学及分子生物学实验常用缩略语.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除forever adv. 永远such as 例如；像这种的mineral n. 矿物；矿石vt. 运输；运送happiness n. 幸福；快乐anecdote n. 轶事；奇闻Mississippi n. 密西西比河；密西西比州（美国州名）primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的call up 给打电话fitness n. 健康生物化学及分子生物学实验常用缩略语（教学团队的范浩讲师编制）英文缩写英文名中文名A(1) absorbance(2) absorbency吸收率吸收Acracrylamide丙烯酰胺ADP adenosine diphosphate二磷酸腺苷，腺苷二磷酸AMPadenosine monophosphate腺苷一磷酸，腺苷酸Ampampicillin 氨苄青霉素AMVavian myeloblastosis virus禽类成髓细胞瘤病毒APSammonium persulfate过硫酸铵ARanalytical reagent分析纯试剂ATPadenosine triphosphate三磷酸腺苷，腺苷三磷酸ALTalanine transaminase丙氨酸转氨酶BACbacterial artificial chromosome细菌人工染色体BisN,N-methylene-bis-acrylamideN,N-亚甲双丙烯酰胺BSAbovine serum albumin牛血清白蛋白bpbase pair碱基对ccc-DNAcovalently closed circular DNA共价闭环DNAcDNAcomplementary DNA互补DNACEcapillary electrophoresis毛细管电泳Chcholesterol胆固醇CPcreatine phosphate磷酸肌酸DEPCdiethylpyrocarbonate焦碳酸二乙酯DNAdeoxyribonucleic acid脱氧核糖核酸dsDNAdouble stranded DNA双链DNAdsRNAdouble stranded RNA双链RNADTTdithiothreitol二硫苏糖醇EBethidium bromide溴乙锭E.coliEscherichia coli 大肠杆菌EDTAethylene diaminetetraacetic acid乙二胺四乙酸EGTAethylene glycol bis (2-aminoethyl) tetraacetic acid乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸ELISAenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay酶联免疫吸附测定（法）FAMCarboxyfluorescein羧基荧光素FCMflow cytometry流式细胞仪FITCfluorescein isothiocyanate异硫氰酸荧光素FPLCfast protein liquid chromatograpgy快速（蛋白）液相层析G6PDglucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase葡糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶GFPgreen fluorescence protein绿色荧光蛋白GSTglutathione-S-transferase谷胱甘肽S转移酶Hbhemoglobin血红蛋白HEPES4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸His，Hhistidine组氨酸HPLChigh performance liquid chromatography高效液相层析Hspheat shock protein热休克蛋白IEFisoelectricfocusing等电聚焦IPTGisopropyl-D-thiogalactoside异丙基-D-硫代半乳糖苷kbkilobase pair千碱基对kDa kilo-Dalton千道尔顿KmMichaelis constant米氏常数LDHlactic dehydrogenase; lactate dehydrogenase乳酸脱氢酶mRNAmessenger RNA信使RNAMWmolecular weight分子量NBTnitrotetrazolium blue氯化硝基四氮唑蓝NCnitrocellulose membrane硝酸纤维素膜oc-DNAopen circular DNA开环DNAODoptical density光密度PAGEpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳PCRpolymerase chain reaction聚合酶链反应PKCprotein kinaseC蛋白激酶CpIisoelectric point等电点PMSFphenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride苯甲基磺酰氟RNaseribonucleaseRNA酶PBSphosphate buffered salinePBS缓冲液RNAiRNAinterferenceRNA干扰RPMround per minute每分钟转数RQ-PCRReal-time quantitative PCR实时定量PCRRT-PCRreverse transcription PCR反转录PCR，逆转录PCRSDSsodium dodecyl sulfate十二烷基硫酸钠siRNAsmall interfering RNA小干扰RNASNPsingle nucleotide polymorphism单核苷酸多态性SSCPsingle strand conformation polymorphism单链构象多态性SWRstandard working reagent标准工作液TBSTris-buffered sodium chlorideTBS缓冲液TETris-EDTA buffer含Tris和EDTA的缓冲液TEMEDN,N,N,N-tetramethyl ethylene diamineN,N,N,N-四甲基乙二胺TLCthin-layer chromatography薄层层析TrisN-Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane2-氨基-2-羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇UVultraviolet紫外线X-gal5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-D-galactoside5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚-D-半乳糖苷YACyeast artificial chromosome vector酵母人工染色体载体生物化学与分子生物学实验常用词中英文对照（教学团队的范浩讲师编制）仅供学习与交流Aabluent 洗洁剂absolute (ethyl) alcohol 无水乙醇absorbance (A) 吸光率，吸收率absorbency (A) 吸收性，吸光度absorption 吸收（作用）absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption spectrum 吸收光谱abstract 提取acetate 乙酸盐，醋酸盐acetic acid 乙酸，醋酸acidity 酸度，酸性acrylamide 丙烯酰胺adjustable micropipetter 可调式微量移液器/加样器affinity 亲和，亲和力，亲和性affinity labeling 亲和标记agar 琼脂agarose 琼脂糖agarose gel electrophoresis 琼脂糖凝胶电泳agitate 搅动A:G ratio A/G比率，清球比率alanine (Ala, A) 丙氨酸albumin 清蛋白，白蛋白alcohol 酒精，乙醇alcohol burner 酒精灯alkalinity 碱度，碱性alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶alpha complementation -互补amino 氨基amino terminal 氨基（末）端，N-（末）端ammonium persulfate 过硫酸铵ampholyte 两性电解质amplicon PCR扩增产物amplification 扩增analytical balance 分析天平analytical reagent 分析纯试剂anhydrous 脱水的，无水的annealing 退火antibiotics 抗生素antibody 抗体antigen 抗原antiseptic 消毒剂，防腐剂apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白apoptosis 凋亡appearent molecular weight 表观分子量aseptic 无菌的，防腐剂autoclave 高压灭菌器automatic biochemical analyzer 全自动生化分析仪automatic gel image analysis system 全自动凝胶成像分析系统autoradiography 放射自显影azotometer 定氮仪Bbalance 天平base 碱基base sequence 碱基序列beaker 烧杯beaker brush 烧杯刷Beers law 比尔定律benchtop ultracentrifuge 台式超速离心机biochemistry 生物化学biochip 生物芯片biomacromolecule 生物大分子biotin 生物素biuret reaction 双缩脲反应blender 搅拌器，搅碎器blood 血液blood sugar 血糖blotting 印迹分析blotting membranes 印迹膜blotting paper 印迹用滤纸blue-white selection 蓝白斑筛选blunt end 平端bottle brush 瓶刷bromophenol blue 溴酚蓝buffer 缓冲液Ccapacity 容量capillary electrophoresis 毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis system 毛细管电泳仪carboxy(l) 羧基catalyst 催化剂catecholamine 儿茶酚胺cation 阳离子cDNA 互补DNAcDNA chip cDNA芯片cDNA library cDNA文库cDNA probe cDNA探针cell 细胞cell culture 细胞培养cellophane 玻璃纸cellulose acetate membrane 醋酸纤维薄膜centrifugal force 离心力centrifuge 离心机centrifuge tube 离心管chromatogram 层析图，色谱chromatography 层析，色谱法chromatography column 层析柱clamp 夹子clone 克隆cloning vector 克隆载体CO2 incubator 二氧化碳培养箱coomassie (brilliant) blue 考马斯亮蓝coomassie (brilliant) blue staining 考马斯亮蓝染色coefficient 系数colloid 胶体colony 菌落colony counter 菌落计数器color reaction 呈色反应colorimetry 比色法competence 感受态competent cell 感受态细胞competitive inhibition 竞争性抑制作用complementary DNA (cDNA) 互补DNAcomponent 成分，组分concentration 浓度condenser 冷凝器conformation 空间构象conical beaker 锥形瓶conical bottom culture tube 锥底试管constant temperature incubator 恒温培养箱constant temperature oven 恒温箱content 含量control experiment 对照实验cosmid vector 黏粒载体，科斯质粒载体counter 计数器creatine 肌酸culture dish 培养皿culture flask 培养瓶culture media 培养基culture shaker 培养摇床culture vessel 培养瓶culture tube 培养管cuvette 比色皿D2-D electrophoresis apparatus 双向电泳仪denaturant 变性剂denaturation 变性（作用）density 密度density gradient centrifugation 密度梯度离心desiccator 干燥器desiccant 干燥剂detector 检测器detergent 去垢剂,去污剂dialysis 透析differential display PCR 差异显示PCRdigital gel image analysis system 数码凝胶成像分析仪diluent 稀释剂dilute 稀释distilled water 蒸馏水DNA blotting DNA印迹(法)DNA chip DNA芯片DNA ligase DNA连接酶DNA marker 标准分子量DNA DNA polymerase DNA聚合酶DNA recombination DNA重组DNA recombination technique 重组DNA技术DNA recombination technology 重组DNA技术DNA sequencer DNA测序仪dot blotting 斑点印迹dropper 滴管drying oven 干燥箱,干燥炉Eelectric stove 电炉electrical receptacle 电源插座electrode 电极electrolyte 电解质electromagnetic oven 电磁炉electrophoresis 电泳electronic analytical balance 电子分析天平electronic balance 电子天平electrophoresis cell 电泳槽electrophoresis system 电泳仪electrophoretogram 电泳图(谱)electrophorogram 电泳图(谱)electroporation 电穿孔electroporation instrument 电穿孔转化仪electrothermal incubator 电热恒温培养箱eluant 洗脱液，洗脱剂eluate 洗出液eluent 洗脱液，洗脱剂elution 洗脱enzyme 酶Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌ethanol 乙醇exon 外显子exponential growth phase 指数生长期expression vector 表达载体extinction coefficient 消光系数extract 提取，抽取 提取液Ffetal calf serum 胎牛血清filter 过滤filtration 过滤flask 培养瓶,长颈瓶flow cytometer (FCM) 流式细胞仪fluorescence 荧光fluorescence intensity 荧光强度fluorescence probe 荧光探针fluorescence quantified PCR 荧光定量PCRfluorescence spectrophotometer 荧光分光光度计fluorochrome 荧光染料fluorophore 荧光基团forceps 镊子formamide 甲酰胺freezer 冷冻冰箱frost-free refrigerator 无霜冰箱full size ultracentrifuge 大型超速离心机fume hood 通风橱Ggas chromatography 气相层析gel 凝胶gel chromatography 凝胶层析gel comb 凝胶梳gel dryer 凝胶干燥仪gel imaging system 凝胶成像系统gene 基因gene chip 基因芯片gene cloning 基因克隆gene expression 基因表达gene inactivation 基因失活gene knock-out 基因敲除gene library 基因文库genetic analyzer 全自动遗传分析仪genetic engineering 基因工程genome 基因组genomic DNA 基因组DNAgenomic library 基因组文库glassware 玻璃仪器glass graduates with scale 刻度量杯glass stopper 玻璃瓶塞globulin 球蛋白glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) 6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) 谷草转氨酶glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) 谷丙转氨酶glycogen 糖原gradient centrifugation 梯度离心gradient thermal cycler 梯度PCR仪graduated cylinder 量筒growth media 培养基Hhemoglobin 血红蛋白heat shock protein (HSP) 热休克蛋白heating bath 加热水浴箱heat-stable 耐热的，热稳定的heparin 肝素high density lipoprotein (HDL) 高密度脂蛋白高效液相层析，高效液相色谱法high pressure steam sterilizer 高压蒸汽灭菌器high speed centrifuge 高速离心机high speed refrigerated centrifuge 高速冷冻离心机high speed centrifugation 高速离心histidine (His, H) 组氨酸homogenate 组织匀浆homogenize 匀浆homogenizer 匀浆器homoiothermic 恒温的horizontal gel electrophoresis system 水平凝胶电泳仪horseradish peroxidase 辣根过氧化物酶host 宿主hybrid molecule 杂交分子hybridization 杂交hybridization in situ 原位杂交Iice machine 制冰机ice scoop 冰勺immunoblotting 免疫印迹法immunoradioautography 免疫放射自显影inactivation 灭活incubation 保温，温浴incubator 培养箱induce 诱导induced mutagenesis 诱变inducer 诱导物induction 诱导作用infection 感染inhibitor 抑制剂insertion inactivation 插入灭活insertion sequence (IS) 插入序列in situ hybridization 原位杂交in situ PCR 原位PCRinsulin 胰岛素in vitro 体外，试管内in vivo 体内iodacetamide 碘乙酰胺ion-exchange resin 离子交换树脂ion exchange chromatography 离子交换层析ionic strength 离子强度isoelectric focusing 等电聚焦isoelectric focusing system 等电聚焦仪isoelectric point (pI) 等电点isoelectric separation 等电分离Jjar 广口瓶Kkalium 钾kinase 激酶 kinetic coefficient 动力学系数kinetic constant 动力学常数 Klenow fragment Klenow片段，DNA聚合酶I大片段Llab cart 实验室样品推车lab sink 实验室水槽 lab stool 实验凳laboratory notebook 实验记录本laboratory coat 工作服label 标签lactose 乳糖laser scanning confocal microscope 激光扫描共焦显微镜Lambert-Beer law 朗伯-比尔定律latex glove 乳胶手套ligand 配体ligase 连接酶 liquid nitrogen 液氮liquid nitrogen storage tank 液氮储存罐loop 细菌接种环low speed centrifuge 低速离心机lysis 溶菌作用lysozyme 溶菌酶Mmagnetic stirrer 磁力搅拌器malonic acid 丙二酸marker 记号笔medicine dropper 滴管medium 培养液methylase 甲基化酶methylation 甲基化methylene blue 亚甲蓝，甲烯蓝microbalance 微量天平microcentrifuge 微型离心机microcentrifuge tube 微型离心管microliter syringe 微量注射器microinjection 显微注射microinjector 微量注射器microplate reader 酶标仪micropipetter 微量移液器micropipetter tip 微量移液头microwave oven 微波炉milligram 毫克mince 切碎mini gel system 迷你凝胶电泳仪mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 线粒体DNAmixer 混合器，搅拌器mobility 迁移率molecular cloning 分子克隆，无性繁殖molecular hybridization 分子杂交molecular weight 分子量monoclonal antibody 单克隆抗体mortar 研钵multichannel pipetter 多道移液器multifunctional PCR 多功能PCR仪multiplex PCR 多重PCRmutation 突变Nnegative 负的，阴性的nick 缺口nick translation 缺口平移法non-protein nitrogen 非蛋白氮Northern blotting RNA印迹nucleic acid 核酸nucleic acid hybridization 核酸分子杂交nucleic acid sequencing system 核酸序列分析仪Ooligonucleotide 寡核苷酸orbital rocker 旋转混匀器optimum pH 最适pHoptimum temperature 最适温度outlet strip 电源插座板oven 烤箱Ppaper chromatography 纸层析，纸色谱法paper label 标签paraffin film 密封用石蜡薄膜PCR thermocycler 基因扩增仪PCR plate PCR板penicillin 青霉素 pestle 研杵pH buffer pH缓冲液pH meter pH酸度计pH paper pH试纸pH testing strips pH试纸plasma 血浆plasmid 质粒 pipette 移液管，吸量管pipette tip 移液器吸头，枪头pipettor 移液器polyclonal antibody 多克隆抗体polymerase 聚合酶，多聚酶polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 聚合酶链反应 polymorphism 多态性，多态现象point mutation 点突变positive 正的，阳的power supply 电源precipitation reaction 沉淀反应pre-cast gel 预制凝胶板pretreat 预处理primer 引物probe 探针protease 蛋白酶protein 蛋白质protein chip 蛋白质芯片protein expression 蛋白质表达protein kinase 蛋白激酶purification 纯化purity 纯度Rradioactivity 放射性radioautography 放射自显影random primer 随机引物random priming 随机引物法reagent 试剂reagent bottle 试剂瓶Real-time fluorescence quantified PCR 实时荧光定量PCRreceptor 受体reference weight set 标准砝码系列refrigerator 冰箱relaxed circular DNA 开环DNArepeating pipetter 连续移液器reporter gene 报告基因restriction endonuclease 限制性核酸内切酶restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 限制性片段长度多态restriction map 限制酶切图谱reverse transcription 逆转录ribonuclease (RNase) RNA酶RNase H RNA酶Hrocker 混摇器rocking platform 摇床rotor 离心机转头rubber pipette bulb 洗耳球rubber stopper 橡皮瓶塞Ssafety glasses 安全眼镜salt precipitation 盐析sample 样品sampling 采样，抽样scalpel 解剖刀scanner 扫描器scintillation counter 闪烁计数仪scissors 剪刀screening 筛选seal sample bag 密封样品袋semi-dry transfer unit 半干转膜仪separation 分离sequence 序列sequencing 测序sequenator 序列分析仪serum 血清shaker 摇床，混合器shoe covers 鞋套sodium tetraphenylboron 四苯硼钠solid medium 固体培养基solubility 溶解度solute 溶质solution 溶液 solvent 溶剂sonic oscillation 超声振荡 sonication probe 超声（探）头/端子sonicator 超声破碎仪Southern blot DNA印迹spatula 药匙specimen 样品，标本spectrofluorimeter 荧光分光光度计spectrophotography 分光光度法spectrophotometer 分光光度计squirt bottles 洗瓶standard curve 标准曲线steam sterilizer 蒸汽灭菌器stir 搅动stir bar 磁力搅拌转子stopcock 活塞，玻璃活塞stopper 塞子substrate 底物superhelix 超螺旋结构supernatant 上清液syringe needle 注射器针头TTaq DNA polymerase Taq DNA聚合酶test tube 试管test tube holder 试管夹test tube rack 试管架test tube shelf 试管架template 模板terminal transferase 末端转移酶tetracycline 四环素thermoduric 耐热的thermometer 温度计thermostat 恒温器thermostatic oscillation incubator 恒温振荡培养器thermostatic oven 恒温烤箱thermostatic water bath 恒温水浴箱timer 定时器thin membrane electrophoresis 薄膜电泳tissue 组织tissue grinder 组织研磨器tissue culture 组织培养tissue homogenate 组织匀浆tracer isotope 示踪同位素 transaminase 转氨酶transfer apparatus 电转仪transduction 转导，转导作用transfection 转染transformation 转化transmittance 透光度transmittancy 透射比tube brush 试管刷tumbling mixer 翻转混匀器Uultra freezer 超低温冰箱ultra purified water system 超纯水系统ultrabalance 微量天平ultracentrifuge 超速离心机ultracentrifugation 超速离心ultrafiltration membrane 超滤膜ultrasonication 超声破碎 ultrasonator 超声振荡器ultrasonic cell disruptor 超声细胞破碎仪ultraviolet absorption 紫外吸收 ultraviolet lamp 紫外观察灯ultra-low temperature freezer 超低温冰箱universal microplate reader 通用酶标仪urea 尿素UV spectrophotometer 紫外分光光度计UV/VIS spectrophotometer 紫外可见分光光度计Vvacuum drying apparatus 真空干燥器vacuum drying oven 真空干燥炉/箱vaseline 凡士林vector 载体vertical electrophoresis apparatus 垂直电泳仪vertical electrophoresis system 垂直电泳仪virus 病毒VIS spectrophotometer 可见分光光度计volumetric flask 容量瓶vortex mixer 漩涡混匀器Wwater bath shaker 水浴摇床water bath 水浴，水浴槽water bath pot 水浴锅water still 蒸馏水器wavelength 波长96-well plate 96孔板weighing paper 称量纸Western blot 蛋白印迹wild type 野生型wiper for lens 擦镜纸Xxerogel 干凝胶Yyeast 酵母yeast two-hybrid system 酵母双杂交系统 参考文献1. 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