阅读理解专项训练二、社会生活.doc

阅读专项训练二社会生活柴米油盐酱醋茶，或许琐如屑，乱如麻，但这就是生活；赤橙黄绿青蓝紫，或许染黑，或许染白，但这就是社会。谁家没本难念的经，哪个朝代会一直太平？这里讲述的是故事，社会与生活的哲理；这里教你的是知识，怎样做人怎样做事；这里给你开了一个窗口，帮你走近社会，走进生活。1I had my first job at the age of thirteen，when a friend of my mother who owned a bookshop hired me for six hours a week to help her in the shop.I was very proud to earn my own pocket money and my parents never interfered(干涉) with how I spent it，even when I was spending it foolishly.They believed that by earning money，spending it，and learning from the mistakes，I would become more mature and responsible about how to handle work，relationships with others，and money.Like many American parents，my parents also let me and my brothers do things over which they worried a great deal.When I was sixteen，for example，after I finished high school and before I entered university，I wanted to spend the summer months traveling around Europe.My mother was against the idea of my traveling alone at such a young age，but my father felt that it would be a great experience for me.In the end，my father won the argument on the condition that I limited my traveling to France，my mothers home，where I had many uncles，aunts and cousins spread out through the country who could provide shelter and help if I needed them.Three years later，my younger brother decided to take a year off after his first year in university and travel through the United States and the Caribbean.Again my mother was very worried and not eager to see my brother leave school，but my father encouraged him and my brother had a fascinating year working his way on trains and ships to earn passage to different ports and cities，and discovering many fascinating places and people.These kinds of experiences are probably rare for children in many countries but in the US they are fairly common.Most parents start pushing their children at a young age to do small things by themselves.By the time they have finished high school，many American kids have already had part-time jobs，traveled around the US or other countries on their own，have selected the university they plan to attend and maybe even decided on their future career，and so on.1.Why did the writers parents allow their children to do what they wanted? A.Because they thought that their children would become braver. B.Because they believed that their two sons would earn some pocket money. C.Because they thought that their children would find a job easier. D.Because they thought that it would bring good to their childrens future.2.What did the writer think of his brothers travel?A.He thought his brother gained valuable experience during the travel.B.He thought his brother earned a lot of money by working.C.He thought his brother didnt disappoint his father.D.He thought his brothers travel was better than his to France.3.Which of the following statements is true?A.The author went to France in order to see his relatives.B.The writers mother managed to prevent the children doing what she thought might be dangerous. C.The writers brother gave up his university to travel through the USA and the Caribbean.D.American kids do things by themselves to make preparations for the future with the encouragement of their parents.4.The best title of the passage probably is_.A.Part-time Job B.IndependenceC.Pocket Money D.Experience2Most Chinese students can access the computer.The computer can help with your English.Or，more precisely，the Internet can.People from professional schools to an independent teacher in Los Angeles and a newspaper in Beijing offer free websites where people can practice reading，speaking and composing proper English.Here are a few websites Chinese people have used:ENGLISH.EBRIDGE.NET：This site comes with a useful but not overbearing mix of English and Chinese.It offers illustrated reading passages plus listening comprehension tests.Some of the English lines，including a list of information technology terms，are translated into Chinese.Beginners will appreciate the sites simplicity.This site is run by an organization called English Funs Club.WWW.ELFS.COM：Run by a University of California teacher in Los Angeles，this site wont win any design awards but may make you laugh.It specializes in speaking，listening and TOEFL preparation.One of the sample say-after-me sentences says：“The lazy jazz musician jogged to the zoo just to view the zebra physician.” Not too logical，but sounds all right when pronounced well.Site viewers may also click on people in a romance scene to hear what they are talking about.For example，a man tenderly leans over the shoulder of a woman and says：“Let me get a doggie bag for the rest of this food before we go back to work.” Not very romantic.A doggie bag is a container for uneaten restaurant food.The site claims 195 000 hits.1.Whats the aim of this passage?A.To tell us how to learn English. B.To tell us something about the Internet. C.To tell us something about the Internet English. D.To introduce two websites which provide nice English learning services.2.Which one can help you prepare for TOEFL?A.ENGLISH.EBRIDGE.NET. B.WWW.ELFS.COM.C.Both ENGLISH.EBRIDGE.NET and WWW.ELFS.COM.D.Neither ENGLISH.EBRIDGE.NET nor WWW.ELFS.COM.3.What do we know about ENGLSIH.EBRIDGE.NET?A.It is set up by some Americans.B.It provides us with only English materials.C.Its useful for some beginners of English study.D.Its in more advanced English.4.What does the last sentence “The site claims 195 000 hits” mean? A.It means that it is hit 195 000 times.B.It means that it needs 195 000 hits.C.It means that it has 195 000 visitors.D.It means that it has 195 000 wonderful items.5.What does “a doggie bag” mean?A.A bag that is used for dogs. B.A bag thats a dogs bag.C.A bag that is for uneaten food. D.A bag that contains food for dogs.3Many sports need the services of one or more referees (裁判).You will find，for example，referees in swimming，diving competitions，football，skating，basketball，and tennis，among others.The referees judgment，no matter what the sport is，can make the difference between winning and losing.When a decision is announced，one can often hear loud cheering from the spectators (观众).Sometimes the people dont agree with the decision.Usually，however，no matter what the people think，the decision of the judge is final.With the instant replay television viewers often get a second chance to watch the special sports moments.Should the camera help the referees in making their decisions? Some people think so.The Japanese have been using the television instant replay in one of their sports for some time.In Japan，where sumo wrestling is thought by many to be the national sport，a wrestler named Taiho was trying to break Futabayamas record of 69 victories.In the 46th match，Futabayama was declared the winner by mistake because the judges had not seen the wrestlers foot leave the circle.Soon after the mistake，the people said that they had a right to see the match end with the correct winners since they had paid as much as $375 for a ringside seat.Now cameras record the actions of wrestlers.The camera is the most important reference of all.If a man or a woman makes mistakes in judgment，the camera will correct it，and the instant replay will let everyone know it.The right winner will win.1.The passage is mainly about_.A.how to wrestle in Japan B.the use of a camera as refereeC.watching machines on the televisionD.why sumo wrestling is fun2.In most sports，the referee_.A.doesnt count much B.gets paid too muchC.cant see all the action D.has the final word3.A poor decision_.A.can cause the wrong winner B.is usually declared winnerC.almost never happens D.shouldnt matter much4.You can tell that sumo wrestling_.A.is played on a race track B.has teams of nineC.is a contest between two D.is very unpopular in Japan4Television has opened windows in everybodys life.Young men will never again go on to war as they did in 1914.Millions of people now have seen the effects of a battle.And the result has been a general dislike of war and perhaps more interest in helping those who suffer from all the terrible things that have been shown on the screen.Television has also changed politics.The most remote can now follow state affairs，see and hear the politicians before an election.Better informed，he is more likely to vote，and so to make his opinion count.Unfortunately，televisions influence (影响) has been extremely harmful to the young.Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world，that TV advertisements lie to sell products that are sometimes bad or useless.They believe and want to practice what they see.They do believe that the violence they see is normal and acceptable.All educations agree that the “television generation” are more violent than their parents and grandparents.Also，the young are less patient.Used to TV shows，where everything is quick and interesting，they do not have the patience to read an article without pictures，to read a book that requires thinking，to listen to a teacher who doesnt do funny things like the people on childrens programs.And they expect all problems to be solved happily in ten，fifteen，or thirty minutes.Thats the time it takes on the screen.1.In the past，many young people_.A.knew the effect of war B.went in for politicsC.were willing to be soldiers D.liked to save the wounded in wars2.The author think that TV advertisements_.A.are not reliable on the whole B.are useless to peopleC.are a good guide to adults D.are very harmful to the young3.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.People have become used to crimes now.B.With a TV set some problems can be solved quickly.C.People now like to read books with pictures.D.The adults are less violent than the young.4.From the passage，we can conclude that_.A.children should keep away from TVB.TV programs should be improvedC.childrens books should have picturesD.TV has a deep effect on the young5The treatment of the elderly can be further understood by distinguishing between nuclear and extended family structures. In the United States the nuclear family, which consists of the father, the mother, and the children, is considered “the family”. The extended family, common in other cultures, includes grandparents, aunts, uncle cousins, nephews, nieces, and inlaws. The distinction between the nuclear and extended family is important because it suggests the extent of family ties and obligations. In extended families the children and parents have strong ties and obligations, to have intensive contact with relatives, and to establish communal housing.The American nuclear family usually has its own separate residence and is economically independent of other family members. Relatives are still considered “family” but are often the basic obligations that people have to their immediate families. When couples marry, they are expected to live independently of their parents and become “heads of households” when they have children. It is not unusual in times of financial need for nuclear family members to borrow money from a bank rather than from relatives. Grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, then, are not directly involved in the same way as they would be in an extended family structure.1.The author distinguishes between nuclear and extended families because_.A.the distinction enables the reader to understand the importance of a family B.the distinction shows which kind of family is betterC.the distinction suggests the extent of family ties and obligationsD.the author is interested in nuclear families2.The phrase “immediate family”refers to the_.A.mother,father,brothers and sisters B.family of ones spouseC.family members who help each other when needD.family which is close to another3.In the sentence “communal living works best for people who have similar beliefs”,the word “communal”is nearest in meaning to_.A.communist B.individualisticC.independent D.group4.Which would be the best title for this passage?A.Advantage of Nuclear Family. B.Disadvantages of Extended family.C.Treatment of the Old. D.Nuclear Family and Extended Family.6Almost everyone accept the fact that crime can never be wiped out entirely.Thus control of crime becomes the focus of police and government around the world.The question lawmakers must answer is，“Which system of criminal punishment works best for society?” Each country has developed its own ideas for a solution to this question，and these solutions then determine how criminals are punished under different systems.However，none of the current systems in use has proved 100 percent effective.There are many ideas about punishment of criminals.Some systems look only to get retribution (惩罚) against criminals.These systems work to frighten criminals away from repeating a crime in the future.These systems also try to deter (阻碍) others in society by using the criminal as an example of what can happen to a person if he or she is caught committing crimes.Rehabilitation (恢复) is another philosophy by which many systems of punishment operate.The goal of these systems is to return a former criminal to society after a required period of treatment and training，usually in prisons.The idea is to help change the persons behavior and approach so that he or she becomes a law-abiding citizen.Capital punishment is another form of punishment which systems use in extreme criminal cases，sometimes involving such crimes as a murder，rape，and violent theft.In these cases，the person is put to death.Today，capital punishment is used in relatively few countries.Many counties have done away with it.In other words，capital punishment remains only in official law books but is rarely used.However，capital punishment remains in use in some countries，including the United States.1.The police around the world usually concentrate their attention on how to_.A.catch the person who commits crimesB.punish the person who commits crimes C.control crimesD.determine the system of punishment of criminals2.Different purposes of the systems of criminal punishment are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT to_.A.frighten criminals and stop them from committing crimes againB.warn others in society not to commit crimesC.reform criminals and help them return to societyD.help criminals get some knowledge of law3.Which of the following is NOT true?A.Many countries including the USA have got rid of capital punishment. B.In some countries capital punishment can only be found in law books，but it is hardly used.C.Capital punishment is only used in extreme criminal cases.D.Some countries including China still use capital punishment.4.What does capital punishment mean in the passage?A.The death penalty. B.A penalty fine.C.Severe punishment. D.Life imprisonment.7Perhaps no other thing has such power to lift the poor out of his poverty and to make a man forget his burden as books. They are friends to the lonely, joy to the joyless and cheer to the disappointed.We may be shut out from all personal association with the great and the good, but when we are reading, we may be in the best society in the world , where we may be associate with the greatest and noblest of all times.Books are a guide for the young. The trend (趋势) of many a life for good or ill, for success or failure has been determined by a single book. The books which we read early in life are those which influence us most.The greatest advantage of the books doesnt always come from what we remember of them, but from their suggestiveness. A good book , like a good friend, often serves to wake up our potential possibilities. We form many of our opinions from our favorite books. The best books are those which have a wonderful power, and which inspire us to make the most of ourselves and our opportunities.Its necessary that everyone build up a private library. A home without books is like a house without windows. Children learn to read by being in the midst of books. They unconsciously obtain （取得）knowledge by reading them.Whatever you read, read with enthusiasm, with energy, read with the whole mind, if you would increase your mental stature（水平，境界）. If you are getting the most out of a book, you will feel a capacity for doing things which you never felt before.“To carry a book with you wherever you go is old advice and good advice,” John Adams said.“You will never be alone.”1.The passage wants to .A.tell us what makes a good bookB.inform us of the rules for readingC.offer us how to read booksD.encourage us to read books2.The author mentions the following functions of books except that they have the power to make one become_.A.brave B.joyful C.inspired D.knowledgeable3.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Reading books will unknowingly help children gain knowledge.B.Trying to find out what the writer suggests is important.C.In the world where we live we can meet and talk with the noble all the times person to person.D.The young should be careful when choosing what to read.4.Which is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Books are a necessity to us.B.No entertainment is so cheap as reading.C.Some of our opinions come from books.D.Advice for reading books.8“Whats your English name?” I asked in my first oral class.“Goat”，came the reply.I tried to keep myself from laughing，as Im sure the poor boy had no idea of the other meanings associated with the word goat：“a dirty old man” or “ a foolish person”.Later，my thoughts turned to why Chinese students take an English name