中考英语代词讲解与练习.doc

代 词预计2011年中考对代词的考查重点仍然在对不定代词、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的区别，及代词主格和宾格的考查知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、 代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、无主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。二、 代词的用法1 人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。请看下表： 数 格 人 称 单 数复 数主 格宾 格主 格宾 格 第一人称wemeweus 第二人称youyouyouyou 第三人称hehimtheythem she her it it (1) 人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.(2) 宾格在句中作宾语。例如：They dont want me to go there alone. Dont worry. I can look after her.(3) 宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如：- Whos that? - Its me.注意：人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如： You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。 人称代的主格作表语，一般都在正中的谈话中， 表示强调。例如： It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。 人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。 例如： The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。 这时她第一次去波士顿。 We love our country, we hope shell be stronger and stronger. 我们热爱我们的祖国，我们希望她越来越强大。 It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。 例如： It is about 10 kilometres from here. 离这儿大约有10公里。 It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语， 以避免句子头重脚轻。例如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is good for you taking a walk after supper. I found it difficult to sleep. 英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同: 单数形式（二、三、一）you ,he, I 复数形式（一、二、三）we,you ,they但是， 当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前， you在最后 例如： You, he and I are all the winners. I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.2物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。 词 义 类 型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词名 词性物主代词（1） 形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语， 后面跟名词。例如：To our surprise, he has passed the exam. (2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征， 在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如： May I use _ bike? _ is at school. (你的) Whose glasses are these? _ are hers. ( 作她的) My dictionary is lost. Can I use _? (作你的) (3) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用， 作定语。 例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us.3反身带词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示： 词 义 数我(们)自己你(们)自己他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 们 自 己单 数复 数 （1）反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如： Her sister is too young to dress herself. ( ) He himself is always making such mistakes. ( ) Youd better ask your wife herself. ( )(2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如：make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to,etc4指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表这，这个那，那个这些那些thisthatthesethose 指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如： Those are my parents. ( 作主语) Throw it like that. (作表语) The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语) These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语)注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西， 常用that, those 表示。 例如： Im sorry to hear that.( 2 )下文将要提到的事情， 可用these, this 表示， 起启下的作用。 例如：Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.5疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom， 在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。作主语： What make you so happy?作宾语： Who / Whom is your manager talking with?在口语中， 作宾语时 who和whom可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whom.例如：About whom they are talking just now?作定语： Which subject do you like best?作表语： Whats your mother.6相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。 常用的有：each other, one another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如： We should help each other. （ ） The villagers have looked after one another these year. （ ） 相互代词后可以加s,表示所有关系。 例如： We put the presents in each others stocking.7连接代词： 用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有：what, which, who, whom whose, that例如： I know what he said at the meeting. The problem is who will mend it. Could you tell me which is the way to the post office?8. 不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象。 （1）初中阶段常用普通不定代词表格如下：Some；anyFew;littleNoneOneotherMany;muchEither;neitherEach;everyBoth;all（2） 普通不定代词的用法 some 与any some 和any均表示一些，既可修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词：some一般用于肯定句，any用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some.Eg;There arent _students in the classroom. Look! _boys are playing football. -Would you like _ coffe? -Yea,please.； Many 和muchMany 修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词；Many 和much都可和表示程度副词so,too,as.how 连用。How _bottles of water do you need ?He never eats so _ breakfast. Either 与neither Either “两者都”;neither“两者都不”：常构成的固定搭配either/neither of 名词（代词）的复数+谓语动词第三人称单数形式；当eitheror 和neither .nor连接两个主语时，谓语动词要用就近原则：Neither of the books_good.Neither you nor he _wrong Both 和allBoth“ 两者都”；all“三者或三者以上都”，常与of 连在一起Both she and I _are studentsAll of us _English Each 和every两者都有“每个”的意思，但用法不同：（1）each既可以做代词又可做形容词，故可以做主语，定语和同为语；every只做形容词，只做定语。 （2）every总是修饰单数名词，后接单数动词。Every man and woman knows that.（3）each作为形容词，修饰单数名词，接单数动词。作为代词，单独使用，接单数动词；放在复数名词和代词后作同位语，接复数动词。each of them后可接单数或复数动词。如：Each man carries his own bag. We each have our own office. Each carries his own bag.。Each of them are/is here. （4）each指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”；every是指三个以上的人或事物的“全体”，和all的意思相近。如：He gave a book to_ of his parents. _ comrade was there and each did his work.There are trees on _ side of the road._of us wears a yellow T-shirt.We _ wear a yellow T-shirt. little;a little;few;a few;后接可数名词复数后接不可数名词肯定否定Would you please buy some salt for me,Tony ?There is _ left. both ;all; either; any ;neither; none;都任何一个都不两者三者（以上）1. - Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?- _ is OK. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None2.- When shall we meet again? - Make it _day you like. Its all the same to me.A. one B.any C.another D.all it；one；that;1. it 特指上下文提到的同一对象，是同一事物。如：The book is mine.Its very interesting.2. one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物。如：-Who has a pen ?-I have one 3. that 常用于比较级结构中，代替前面提到的可数名词或者不可数名词名词，以避免重复。当名词是可数名词复数时用those代替that。如：The weather in Beijng is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.Eg;The population of China is much large than _of AmericaA this B.those C.it D.thatoher;the other;others;the others;another;不定代词意义 用法与比较Other其他的只作定语，常与复数可数名词连用。可以构成“some。other+N”The other两者中的“另一个”可作代词和定语；常与one 连用，构成one .the other“;Give me the other one; not this one.others泛指别的人或物不能作定语,可以构成“some。others”Some students like English and others (other students) like physics.The others 是表示在一个范围内“其余的”不能作定语，This dictionary is better than the others. another泛指“另一个,又一，再一“指三者或三者以上中的另一个，常作形容词或代词This glass is broken. Get me another.Eg:1. Some people like to stay at home,but _ like to go to the cinema. 2.- What a hot day !Have you had a drink ? -Yes.But Id like to have_after work. A.other B.another C.more D.one3复合不定代词 初中阶段常用复合不定代词列表如下： （ somebody ） 某人（ ） 某人/任何人（ ） 没有人（ ） 每人（ someone ） 某人（ ）某人/任何人（ ） 某有人（ ） 每人（ something ） 某事（ ） 某事/任何事（ ） 没有东西 （ ） 每一件事 当形容词或者else修饰复合不定代词something ,everything ,everyone 等时，形容词或else必须放在这些不定代词之后；如：Can you find someone else ?Xiaoming has something important to tell you . 句子主语是复合不定代词时，其反义疑问句常用代词they 或it；如：Everybody is here ,_ _?Everything is ready , _ _? Everyone 的意思相当于everybody,只能指人；Every one既可指人又可指物，还可以和of短语连用。I have kept every one of her letters. (3) 代词it的用法 指代前面提到过的事物 代替指示代词this或that. 如：-What is that？-It is a pencil. It指代婴儿或身份不明的人。如：Someone is knocking at the door .Please go and see who it is . It指代时间、距离、天气或季节。 用It作形式主语的句型 It is +adj +(for sb) to do sth.如： It is important for us to work hard It is time to do sth/for /that .如： It is time to get up /for lunch/that we went home It seems that.看起来好像。 It is ones turn to do sth 轮到某人做。 用It 作形式宾语 Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line 强调句型“It is/was +被强调部分+that/who/whom/其他成分“It is he who goes to school by bike every day.例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！2. This isnt _ pencil case. I left _ at home.A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself3. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3.He said _ at the meeting and just sat there silently. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything4. -Mum,Mary bought a parrot yesterday.Could you please buy _for me ? -Sure .But you must take good care of it .A. one B.this C.it D.that5.-Have you finishe your report yet ? -No,Ill finish it in _ten minutes. A.other B.another C.more D.less练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一、用适当的代词填空Help _ to some ice cream, girls.He came up with an idea at last, the idea of _ was very good.Hurry, up, theres _ time left.There is hardly _ in the basket, its empty.Lili and Coco dont know _ address. Lili has never been to Cocos home and Coco has never been to Lilys home, either.He is _ a kind friend that _of us like him.He have two English novels, but he has read _ of them.I dont like the color of this jacket. Could you show me _ one?You may take _ of them, theyre both good.Dont worry. _ goes well here.二、选择最佳答案填空：1. These two books are very interesting. You can choose _ of them.A. both B. each C. either D. any2. He had _milk but_ bread for breakfast.A. many; few B. much; little C. few; much D. little; many3. Is there _you want to say?A. something else B. anything else C. else anything D. else something4. A: _ are you going to visit?B: I am going to visit the Palace Museum.A. Where B. What C. Why D. When5. One should keep _ promise.A. ones own B. every C. himself D. herself三、完成句子1. Theres two apples here, you can take _（任意一个）.2. Lisa has two daughters. _(没有一个喜欢)traveling.3. _ (所有的)girls like singing.4. To say is _ (一回事), to do is _ (另一回事).5. They keep one black cat and _ (两只黑的).6. He has _ (许多) money, but he has _ (没有) friends.7. Can she speak French? _ (只会一点).8. _ (他们中很少有人) can talk in Chinese.9. _ (没人) has been reached farther than the moon.10. We looked at _ (相互) in great surprise.Key: 一、1.yourselves 2.his 3.no 4.anything 5.each others 6.such,all 7.neither 8.another 9.either 10.everything 二、CBBAA 三、1.either 2.neither 3.all 4.one thing, another thing 5.two black ones 6.a lot of/much, no 7.A little 8.Few of them 9. No one /Nobody 10.each other中考英语冲刺复习：易错题汇编及分析代词11.Some people like to stay at home, but _ like to go to the cinema.A. another B. Other C. Others D. other one12.- Is this your shoe?- Yes, but where is _?A. the other one B. other one C. another one D. the others13. When shall we meet again next w