节能施工的方法与意义.doc

随着社会经济的不断发展，对于建筑节能的要求也就越来越高。近些年来，节能型建筑悄然兴起。于此同时，对节能建筑相关施工措施的探讨也成为了人们广泛关注的对象之一。节能建筑施工解决了传统建筑施工中工艺流程中许多难以实现的问题。对节能建筑施工技术的研究，既可以降低能耗，节约实际作业成本。又可以提高劳动生产率，促进经济发展。有着十分重要的意义。因此，施工单位技术人员，特别是施工员、质检员与项目经理，更应该了解节能建筑施工技术的一些要点与措施。做到心中有数。With the continuous development of social economy, also is more and more high to the requirement of building energy efficiency. In recent years, the emerging energy-saving building. At the same time, the related construction measures of energy saving building has become a widely attention of one of the objects. Energy-saving building construction solves the traditional construction process in many of the difficult problems. Study of energy-saving building construction technology, which can reduce energy consumption, saving the cost of actual operation. Can improve labor productivity, and promote the economic development. Has very important significance. Technical staff, therefore, the construction unit, the builder, qc inspectors and project manager, in particular, should be more understand some points of energy saving construction technology and measures. Accomplish know fairly well. 二 节能建筑的施工要求Two energy-saving building construction requirements 气候的类型有很多，本文以夏热冬冷的地区为例如湖北省。节能建筑的一般要求主要是从外部墙体保温性，门窗密闭性，屋面保温性以及一些防水性能的角度来考虑的。最终目的是降低建筑物的总体使用能耗。因此，施工单位的有关负责人员（尤其是技术负责人与项目经理）在设计施工图的时候要特别注意。要紧密联系建筑实际节能要求，制定出合理的施工方案，并在质量控制点的设立方面特别注意。对于专门岗位的操作人员，更要严格把关，做好岗前培训；以保证施工安全与相关的施工周期顺利运行。而对于材料上的负责人员来说，更好把好质量关，根据相关国家标准确定所采购的节能建材。需要的时候可以进行适配，之后质检人员在施工工序与施工总结验收上也要严格把关。Climate types have a lot of, this article in hot summer and cold winter region in hubei province for example. The general requirements of energy saving buildings mainly from external wall heat preservation, doors and Windows sealed, roof heat preservation sex and some to think in terms of waterproof performance. Ultimate goal is to reduce the overall use of the building energy consumption. As a result, the construction unit of the relevant responsible personnel (especially the technical director and project manager) pay special attention to in the design of construction drawing. To closely link building energy-saving requirements, formulate reasonable construction scheme, and pay special attention to in the establishment of quality control points. For specialized jobs, more want to strictly control, completes the pre-service training; To ensure the safety in construction and related construction cycle runs smoothly. And for person responsible for the part of the material, the better the quality, according to relevant national standard to determine the purchase of energy-saving building materials. Can be adapted when needed, after the quality inspection personnel in the construction process and construction acceptance summary should also be strictly controlled. 三 相关施工技术措施的探讨Three relevant construction technical measures are discussed （一）防水施工技术措施(a) waterproof construction technology measures 实际上，防水施工的好坏，是与节能建筑的施工技术密不可分的。原因主要由两点组成。In fact, the stand or fall of waterproof construction, is inseparable with energy-saving building construction technology. Reason is mainly composed of two points. 第一，节能建筑的施工重点与防水工程的施工重点几乎完全一样。对于大部分建筑来说，要想从整体上降低总能耗。要涉及到的问题很多，包括围护结构的性能，外界气候等等。综合考虑之下还是要首先完成建筑物的围护结构。其中围护结构的重点是墙体表面和屋面。而防水工程所关注的重点也恰恰在于此处。由于施工部位极其接近，材料甚至可以相互接触到。有的时候施工人员把防水施工问题与节能工程的问题综合考虑，不分彼此。有的材料可以被称为“节能防水材料”。可见两者的联系很紧密First, energy-saving building construction key and waterproof project construction key almost exactly the same. For most of the buildings, in order to reduce the total energy consumption as a whole. Many problems are involved, including the performance of the retaining structure, the outside climate, and so on. Under consideration is to finish building palisade structure first. Among them is the focus of the palisade structure wall and roof surface. And waterproof engineering focus also just is here. Materials due to the construction site is very close to, can even come into contact with each other. Sometimes workers put the waterproof construction problems and energy-saving engineering of comprehensive consideration, regardless of each other. Some materials can be referred to as the energy saving waterproofing material. Visible are strongly linked to both 第二，在防水施工过程中，有的时候会出现一些性能问题。而后就会导致保温节能层受潮。而且进一步还会导致建筑整体节能性受到影响。在一定水分和空气的影响之下，一些保温节能材料会发生霉变现象。因为它们是由有机物和无机物组成的混合物。也被称为复合材料。由于有些材料成型时间较短，对一些指标的要求较高。譬如透气性，含水量等等。最后直至节能保温性能完全丧失。Second, in the process of waterproof construction, sometimes there will be some performance issues. Then leads to be affected with damp be affected with damp heat preservation and heat insulation layer. And can also lead to further building the overall energy-saving sex is affected. In must be under the influence of water and air, some of the heat preservation and heat insulation material mildew phenomenon will happen. Because they are composed of organic and inorganic compounds. Also referred to as the composite materials. Because some material molding time is shorter, higher requirements for some indicators. Such as air permeability, water content and so on. Until the last energy saving heat preservation performance completely. （二）关于墙体的相关措施(2) on the wall of related measures 1.墙体保温技术措施1. The wall thermal insulation technology measures 墙体的保温措施也是节能建筑施工技术中的关键一环，墙体保温层的设置方法有两种。分别为内置法和外置法。其中内置技术的优点是施工技术及相关措施相对简单一些。但是保温效果相对外侧来说就稍逊一筹。如果采用外置法，可以节省一些施工面积，但是施工措施较为复杂，且成本稍高与外置法。一旦出现控制不当的问题，很容易发生漏水、使用寿命减少等等之类的问题。一般来说。墙体保温的措施控制因素诸多，就夏热冬冷的地区的施工工艺而言。以喷涂和抹灰为主。Wall insulation measures is a key part of the energy saving construction technology, setting method has two kinds of wall insulation layer. Built-in and external method respectively. The built-in technology has the advantage of construction technology and some related measures are relatively simple. But it is slightly inferior insulation effect relative to the lateral. If the external method, can save some construction area, but the construction measures is relatively complex, and cost is a little high and the external law. Once the improper control problems, it is easy to happen leakage, reduce the service life and so on. In general. Wall heat preservation measures control factors, the hot summer and cold winter region in terms of construction technology. Is given priority to with spray and plaster. 2.墙体施工技术措施2. Wall construction technology measures 节能建筑在墙体方面的施工主要分为两大类。第一是空心砖的墙体，第二类是空心砌块墙体。Energy-efficient buildings in wall construction is mainly divided into two broad categories. First is a hollow brick wall, the second kind is a hollow block wall. 对于空心砖墙体来说，需要注意的是：其承重墙砖施工方法不同于空心砌块墙体，主要采用平砌的方法。而且要整砖，因为材质的缘故不能分割。For the hollow brick wall, it is important to note: the main wall brick construction method is different from the hollow block wall, mainly adopt the method of build by laying bricks or stones. But also to the whole brick, because of material cant split. 对于空心砌块墙体来讲，排列图的绘制是基础。施工企业的有关负责人员应当严格按照施工图及相关要求来进行排列图的绘制。其中还要结合具体工程的实际情况，克服一些裂缝容易漏水和一些脆弱墙体容易开裂的问题。尽可能地从技术角度加以保证。For the hollow block wall, pareto diagram drawing is the foundation. Construction enterprises in the relevant responsible personnel shall be in strict accordance with the construction drawings and related requirements for pareto diagram drawing. Which combined with the actual situation of concrete engineering, overcome some cracks in easy leaking and some weak wall cracking problems. To ensure that as much as possible from a technical Angle. （三）关于屋面的相关施工技术措施(3) on the roof of the relevant construction technical measures 通常来说，屋面保温是将容重低、导热系数小、吸水率低、有一定强度的保温材料设置在防水层和屋面板之间。对于夏热冬冷地区的屋面来说，应当采取有效的隔热措施，通常在屋面结构上部或下部设置通风隔热层、采用高效保温材料隔热、屋顶结构上设反射层或蓄水植被等。关于节能建筑保温屋面要注意的问题很多。最重要的有以下四点。第一、要选择晴天连续作业，铺设保温层前，基层应干燥清洁，必要时应满涂隔气层，应做好原材料、半成品和防水层施工之前的临时抵抗风雨措施的准备。第二，要根据设计对屋面坡度和各点厚度的要求，尽可能用与保温层相近的材料，设置厚度控制点，坚决不能形成热桥。因为这样会给建筑的整体节能造成极为不利的影响。为了防止大面积的屋面热胀冷缩引起开裂，应根据保温层的特性设置伸缩分格缝，可与通风和排气孔合并考虑。第三、要高度重视保温层的防水防潮，防止因含水降低热阻和水气蒸发引起防水层鼓裂。因此，在雨期或工期紧、保温层水分难以挥发时应设置排气道与大气相通，并做好出气孔周边的防水处理。Generally, roof insulation is low density, low coefficient of thermal conductivity, bibulous rate is low, have heat preservation material of a certain intensity Settings between the waterproof layer and roof panel. For the roof of hot summer and cold winter areas, effective heat insulation measures shall be taken to usually in upper or lower set ventilation insulation roof structure with efficient thermal insulation materials, heat insulation, roof structure reflector or water storage is set on the vegetation and so on. About energy-saving building insulation roof should pay attention to many problems. The most important have the following four o clock. First, choose sunny day continuous operation, laid before the thermal insulation layer, the base should be dry, clean if necessary should be filled with gas insulation, waterproof layer should be ready to raw materials, semi-finished products and construction before the temporary measures to resist wind and rai