英语常用写作句型及常见错误.doc

专八改错：1.短语搭配错误 （大部分为介词错误）carry/get with things carry/get on with thingsto let alone let alone 不管，不打扰in return to in return forthe need of the need forsubstitute A with B substitute A for B 用A替代Baccount 70% - account for 70%under the grounds of/that on the grounds of/thatattitude on life attitude towards/to lifein a quick speed at a quick speedwith many respects in many respectsat the face of in the face(s) ofconsiderations to considerations forbecome victims of - become victims to ride in a train ride on a trainthe problems with the government the problems for the governmentresistive against resistive toresistance of resistance toembark sth embark on sthwith the belief that in the belief thatat advance of sth in advance of sthinterpret to interpret asin line to in line withto various degrees in various degreestake pride of take pride in 以。为傲leap out to me leap out at me 引起我的注意inject them lethal strains inject them with lethal strains 为他们注入致命的紧张？=使他们无比紧张charge him with the same price charge him the same priceimbalance of A and B imbalance between A and Bshortage of protein with them shortage of protein among them他们缺乏蛋白质fortify sb for sth fortify sb against sth (加强以抵御)shed light to sth shed light on sth in proportion with in proportion to 与。成比例pay for it with dollars pay for it in dollarsbe in liberty to be at liberty tobegin at doing begin with doingbe contrasted to be contrasted withcommit an offence to commit an offence against 违反（破坏）法律modern time modern timesability of (doing) sth ability in (doing) sthdefend sth against defend sth from （防卫。以免于）at the first place in the first placepay money in doing pay money for doingtake to do take to doing (“求助于，开始”，to为介词)yearn to yearn for 渴望at average on averageidentify oneself to identify oneself withbe successful on doing be successful at/in doingget ones teeth on get ones teeth into(埋头做，认真做)the action of formation the action of forming (of后应接动名词而非名词)approach to do approach to doing 接近。近似。one contributor of one contributor toconsumers demand of luxury goods consumers demand for luxury goodson ones 30s in ones 30sbalk to balk at (回避，绕过)differ A from B distinguish A from Bsuit to sb/sth suit for sb/sthvary by vary with 随。而变化emphasis of emphasis on 2.易混词错误(1)形近异义词imaginative （富于想象力的） imaginary（假想的，虚构的）adapt adoptconfirm conformformer formaldiary dairypersonal personnelbeside besidesprincipal （主要的，首要的） principle（原则）intelligent intelligible（可理解的）conscious （有意识的） conscientious（尽责的）stationary （固定的） stationery（文具，信纸）considerate（考虑周到的） considerable（相当多、大的，值得考虑的，相当可观的）affect(影响) effect(致使、达成)contact contractmoral（道德上的） morale（士气，民心）industrious（勤勉的，刻苦的） industrial（工业的）desert dessertrequire（要求） acquire（获得，得到） inquire（询问）presence presentationsensible sensitivetransformation （变化，转换） transmission（播送，发射，传送，转播）value evaluatetense （紧张的，时态，使紧张） tension（紧张，不安，张力，压力，电压；使紧张）anything somethingcooker cookcomplexity(复杂性) complex(合成体，复杂的，合成的，综合的)insurance（保险） assurance（确信，断言，保证）provide(提供) provided/providing(假设，如果)perceive（察觉，感知，感到） conceive（构思，以为，持有，怀孕，考虑，设想。）effective(有效的) affective(受影响的，由引起的) 情感的，表达感情的 (2)形近(形异)近义词latter laterlate(迟的，已故的) latest(最晚的，最新的)farther(距离更远) further(程度更进一步)healthy(健康的) healthful(有益健康的)effective efficient（有效率的，能干的）continual(连续的) continuous(持续不断的)respectable（可敬的，有名望的，高尚的，值得尊敬的） respectful（恭敬的，尊敬的，有礼貌的）historic historicalrise（升起，增长。上升。复活） arise（出现，发生，起因于） raise （升起，提高，使出现） arouse（睡醒，唤醒，鼓励，引起）sure insure ensure assurein return to in response toopposite oppositionproducing productivelonely aloneacross crossimpressed - impressivepermit(n.通行证) permissionrelating relatedmemorizing memorablenormal(n.常态,通常标准,一般水平) norm(规范,行为标准)favorite favorableacceptability acceptanceeconomical （节约的，经济的） economic（经济上的，经济学的）few littlea few fewlittle a littleinvent discoverbefore agoanother otheragent(代理人) agency(代理机构)reward(回馈) award(奖赏)special specific (3)兼有两种形式的副词firstly first (firstly用于列举条目或者表示顺序，first表示时间上“第一次、首次”)hardly(几乎不) hard(努力地)sure surelylate latelyclear(完全地、径直地) clearly(显然、清楚地)high(高度高地) highly(程度高地、非常)close(接近地、紧密地) closely(紧密地、严密地)most(最) most(大部分) (4)反义词with withoutpossible impossiblesubjective objectiveimport exportbetter worseemployee employeremployment unemploymentmodifiable unmodifiablenatural unnaturaldiscernable（可辨别的） indiscernible（难识别的，看不见的）lent borrowedexclusive inclusiveindependency dependencywilling unwillingnothing more than nothing less thanagree disagreerarely frequently / oftenspecific generalless more (still more still less)most leastknown unknownrespective irrespective (irrespective of表示“不管”)majority minorityresult in result fromfortunately - unfortunatelypowerful powerlesseasiness uneasinessprofessional amateuraware unawareinclude exclude (5) 名词单复数异义moral morals(作名词时用复数形式,表示“道德、伦理”)collection(不可数名词表示“各种因素集合体”) collections(可数名词表示“收藏品”)manner(方法,方式) manners(礼仪,礼节)saving savings(复数表示“存款”)specie(硬币) species(种类)（species只有单数）mean(n.平均值) means(方法) (6) 易混短语live with(同一起生活,忍受) live by(靠过活)go about (doing) sth(开始做某事,四处走动,流传,经常从事于) go around(四处走动,绕道走)tend to intend toin next week(以当下时间为基准点) in the next week(以过去的时间为基准点)spend in doing sth spend on sthdie of(内部) die from(外部)rather than other thanhave sb do sth have sth donetake on(从事，开始对付，呈现) go on(继续)take place take the place ofconsist in(在于) consist of(包括)in all(总共) after all(毕竟)in return(作为报答) in turn(反过来，轮流)one reason for +短语 one reason why +句子bring out(使显露，使显现) bring up(教育，培养，提出，(船)抵达目的地)be worth doing be worthwhile to doreact to(对作出反应) react with(以作出反应)apply to(将应用于) apply for(请求，申请) 3.逻辑关系错误（连词使用错误）therefore nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改为however,反之亦然)and but / whileor andbut becausemoreover howeverafter beforesince althoughthere is no there is alsothat iffrom now on from then onall nonebesides yetif unlessbesides excepttherefore becauseso becauseso does he neither/nor does hethats why +结果 thats because +原因as if even ifwhether if 4.代词错误（一致错误）their itsthat those (需要特别注意)which that (有些情况下关系代词只能用that)which whatit itself (主宾相同，宾语用反身代词)that/this it (只有it可作形式主语)his ones (泛指时用one)you yourselfit theythis suchXX is less sophisticated than what they are today XX is less sophisticated than they are today 5.冠词错误(1)定冠词多余on the either side on either sidein the Europe in Europein the winter in winter (季节前不加定冠词)Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位语间完全对等关系，不必使用冠词)take the issue take issue(对持异议，不同意) (2)定冠词缺漏among most among the mostone of first one of the firstatmosphere the atmosphere(表示独一无二的事物)（另外还有如：the Equator, the Outer space）between us and rest between us and the restin minority in the minorityaround floor around the floorpiano the piano (西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词)English language the English languageat heart of at the heart ofworld the world(表示“地球”这种独一无二的事物要加定冠词)in long run in the long run (3)定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用illustrate the further difference illustrate a further difference (difference第一次提及) 注意以下短语的区别in church in the churchat college at the collegein court in the courtin hospital in the hospitalin office in the officein prison in the prisonat sea at the seain school in the schoolat table at the table 6.形容词与副词使用错误have been currently currentbe well equipped as be as well-equipped asheavy industrialized heavily-industrializedspread colossal spread colossallysimilar strong similarly strongkeep the number constantly at X a year keep number constant at X a yearfeel hopeless thwarted feel hopelessly thwartedcomparative high proportion comparatively high proportion(quakes) start deeply in the earth start deep in the earthin the passed 5 years in the past 5 yearsculture embedded attitudes culturally embedded attitudesas much as as often asfrom one meter afar from one meter awayincreasing increasinglysimple simplypure purelymuch manymany morelarge largerearly earlier 7.成分残缺或多余(单复数错误)a world which I could get a world in which I could getshows that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词不可省略)take for granted that take it for granted that1980 1980sone of the most glaring form one of the most glaring formstheir jobs engage in their interest their jobs engage their interest (engage单独使用表示“占用（某人时间），吸引（某人注意力）”)complain about sth complain sthwork sth work out sthbelieve in believe (believe单独使用表示一般的“相信”，believe in表示“信任某人，信仰”)point sth point out sth20 percents 20 percenteyes contact eye contactseven sevenththe process which it function the process by which it functioncommunication service communications service (通信服务、通讯服务)average incomes average income (income为不可数名词)the like of the likes of(诸如此类的)be referred to XX be referred to as XXbe viewed as work of art be viewed as a work of art(work作为“作品”讲时，为可数名词) 8.时态或语态错误went goagreeing agreedconsisted consistingbored boringfavoring favoredif she was if she were(非真实条件句)involves involvingwill would (虚拟语气中)delaying delayed (已完成概念或者被动概念)the promise of improving quality of life the promise of improved quality of life (已完成概念或者被动概念)assure assures (第三人称单数)have has (要看清句子真正的主语)developing developedconfronting confrontedthe least understanding the least understoodwhat the have told what they have been toldif circumstances become favorable if circumstances should become favorable常用句型：用于驳斥：1. In general， I dont agree with.2. In my opinion， this point of view doesnt hold water.3. The chief reason why.， is that.4. There is no doubt that.5. It is not true that.6. It can be easily denied that.7. We have no reason to believe that.8. What is more serious is that.9. But it is a pity that.10. Besides， we should not neglect that.11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore.12. Others may find this to be true， but I believe that.13. Perhaps I will question why.14. There is a certain amount of truth in this， but we still have a problem with regard to.15. Though we are in basic agreement with.， but.16. What seems to be the trouble is.17. Yet differences will be found，thats why I feel that.18. It would be reasonable to take the view that.，but it would be foolish to claim that.19. There is in fact no reason for us to believe that.20. What these people fail to consider is that.21. It is one thing to insist that.，it is quite another to show that.22. Wonderful as A is， however，it has its own disadvantages too.23. The advantages of B are much greater than A.24. As advantage sounds ridiculous when B，s advantages are taken into consideration.用于描写图表和数据：1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year.3. It has been increased by a factor of 4 since 1995.4. It would be expected to increase 5 times.5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year.6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996.7. The total number was lowered by 10%.8. It rose from 10 -15 percent of the total this year.9. Compared with 1997，it fell from 15 to 10 percent.10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.11. It has decreased almost two and half times， compared with.用于解释原因、分析影响：1. Everybody knows that.2. It can be easily proved that.3. It is true that.4. No one can deny that.5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is.6. The chief reason is that.7. We must recognize that.8. There is no doubt that.9. I am of the opinion that.10. This can be expressed as follows:11. To take.， for an example .12. We have reason to believe that.13. Now that we know that.14. Among the most convincing reasons given， one should be mentioned.15. The change in. largely results from the fact that.16. There are several causes for this significant growth in.， first . second.， finally.17. A number of factors could account for the development in.18. Perhaps the primary reason is.19. It is chiefly responsible for.20. The reasons for.，are complicated. And probably they are found in the fact.21. There are several possible reasons， except that.22. Somebody believes/ argues/ holds/ insists/ thinks that.23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon.24. Different people observe it in different ways.1.表示原因1）There are three reasons for this.2）The reasons for this are as follows.3）The reason for this is obvious.4）The reason for this is not far to seek.5）The reason for this is that.例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.2.表示好处1）It has the following advantages.2）It does us a lot of good.3）It benefits us quite a lot.4）It is beneficial to us.5）It is of great benefit to us.例如：Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.3.表示坏处1）It has more disadvantages than advantages.2）It does us much harm.3）It is harmful to us.例如： However，everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb.to do sth.2）We think it necessary to do sth.3）It plays an important role in our life.例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business. Soon，computers will be found in every home，too. We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.5.表示措施1）We should take some effective measures.2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties.3）We should do our utmost in doing sth.4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with.例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.6.表示变化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years.2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications.3）The computer has brought about many changes in education.例如：Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five years. The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek. Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.7.表示事实、现状1）We cannot ignore the fact that.2）No one can deny the fact that.3）There is no denying the fact that.4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.5）However，thats not the case.例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of po