英语翻译 chapter 2费下载.doc

Chapter Two Lexical Translation2.1 The Comparison between English & Chinese：2.1.1 The Comparison in vocabulary. From their meanings. eg：12l 车l 船l 门 l 酒 l 人 l cousinl wearl arml auntl sister2.1.2 From sentence structureA Eg. Hes a good singer. He is an ardent lover of classic music.B Eg. I would not believe what he said. I did not remember a single point discussed at the meeting. I know Mr. Wang. He is the best singer.C Eg. The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry because he had had no food for two days. 2.2 Translation techniques由于汉英词汇意义存在不对应现象，翻译时应通过各种手段对靶语(TL)的词义加以补充或限定，技巧上表现为词语的增减、阐释、借用、音译等。如：2.3.1 Equivalence （对等译法）1) words:2) idioms:l speak ones mind l fish in troubled water l in deep water l turn up ones nose at l touch and go l 破斧成舟 l 大惊小怪 l 颠倒黑白 l 视而不见 l 得意忘形 3) Proverbs:l Look before you leap. l Make hay while the sun shines. .l There is no smoke without fire. l Ill news travels fast. l Practice makes perfect. l 欲速则不达. l 出门一里,不如家里. l 皇天不负苦心人. l 小巫见大巫.Practice:1.这些国家的经济形势每况愈下.2.扪心自问,他不得不承认自己是错了.3.你为什么要引狼入室 4.侵略者已经走投无路.5.他是信口开河,他对经济一窍不通.6. I took the news with a grain of salt. 7. You have a lucky star above you.8. He is reaping what he has sown. 9. She is an easy-going woman. She always throws her cares to the winds. 10.That little girl has a ready tongue. 2.2.2 Nonequivalence （不对等译法）英汉词义对比 (张春柏2003: 31-36) 1) Semantic scope（语义范围、指称意义、外延意义、认知意义） Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war. Three men were killed in the accident. The engine was killed by the flood. Your joke nearly killed me. Im reading this book just to kill time. 日服3次，每次一片。 你说得有道理，我服了。 他不服指导。 我在那里只住了3天，因为不服水土，又回来了。 服兵役是每个青年的义务。 2) Connotative meaning（内涵意义） 春天：男子汉：荷花：lotus flower：菊花： “黄”Individualismprivacy3) Affective meaning（情感意义） 龙Propaganda4) Reflective meaning（联想意义） cock, intercourse, ejaculationsocial intercourse干杯！5) Collocating meaning（搭配意义） Pretty vs handsome6) Stylistic meaning (风格意义) 赵：听说他，不当厨师改防忽悠热线了，竟敢扬言再不上当受骗了，残酷的现实已直逼我心理防线了，今年我要不卖他点啥，承诺三年的话题我就没法跟观众兑现了。观众：好！好！徒弟1：师傅，进去吧。赵：别着急，先拨个骚扰电话。徒弟1：通了。 范：你好！赵：你好！范：这里是借你借你一眼慧眼，防忽悠咨询热线。我是资深上当者老范，凭借多年上当经验，对你是否被忽悠了做出明确判断。有人卖拐请按1，有人卖车请按2，有人出脑筋急转弯请按3，有人卖担架直接拨110！ 赵：你好！范：你好！赵：请问您是范师傅吧？范：嗯你是哪位？赵：我是.有一个问题想直接咨询你老一下。 2.3.2 Amplification (增词译法) egl 1. After the football match, hes got an important meeting. l 2.This great scientist was born in New England. Practice1. 他喜欢指出别人的缺点,但用意是好的.2. 你越讲空洞的大道理,人家越感到讨厌.3. 这个小男孩饭前都洗手,然后用餐巾纸擦干.4.只是晚上躺在床上的时候,她才感到神志清醒. 2.3.3 Omission (省词译法)1. He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs. 2. The sun is bright, and the sky is clear. Practice：1. If you dont go there tomorrow, theyll get angry.2. In September 1939, the Second World War broke out.3. 她连续讲了两小时的法语,没有出现任何错误.4. 在工作中我们必须避免出现不必要的错误.5. 这台电视机真是价廉物美.6. 中国足球的落后状态必须改变.2.3.4 Combination (合词译法) eg1. Youll supply financial power, and well supply man power. Isnt that fair and square?2. In our workshop there is a hard and fast rule against smoking.Practice:3. He is dead and gone.4. His father is a man who forgives and forgets. 5. Her son was wise and clear, but her daughter was silly and foolish. 6. He is a man of culture and learning.7. The room is cozy and comfortable.8. Really and truly 2.3.5 Conversion (转性译法)1. Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.2. My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.Practice：3. Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.4. The people are with him.5. Everyone was away on holiday.6. What are you after？7. It was a very informative meeting. 8. 他能喝很多酒.9. 他这个人最爱说话了.10. 他们迫切地想弄到消息.11. 演出已经开始了. 12. 那个家伙笨得出奇.13. 他统治那个地区长达二十年之久.2.3.6 Variation （换形译法）l 1. You think she will come if it is fine tomorrow. But I dont think so.l 2. You say he works hard; so he does.l 3. The whole project was completed in a quarter of a year. Practice：l 4. A dozen and a half airplanes poured into the airport during that five minutes.l 5. He is well over forty years old.l 6. 你要看小说,我也要看小说.l 7. 法语语法十分难学,学生很少不犯语法错误.l 8. 我不喜欢抽烟,抽烟对身体没好处.l 9. 本世纪最初二十五年,世界局势非常动荡.l 10.五百年来,中国的戏剧有了很大的发展.CE陈宏薇(2004: 68-112)1）词语的指称意义与蕴涵意义的确定 指称意义的理解与表达 例1 英军胜利地登上了小岛。例2 他是我父亲。这姑娘是漂亮。此人是书就读。是可忍，孰不可忍？是古非今。 例3 南京的风俗，但凡新媳妇进门，三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜，发个利市。这菜一定是鱼，取“富贵有余”的意思。（吴敬梓儒林外史） 蕴涵意义的理解与表达 例1 只因生得妩媚风流，满学中都送了两个外号：一个叫“香怜”，一个叫“玉爱”。（曹雪芹红楼梦）例2 客人一走进大门，扑鼻的是一种幽香，入目的是绿蜡似的的叶子和红霞或白雪似的花朵（季羡林夹竹桃） 例3 晚霞如同一片赤红的落叶坠到铺着黄尘的地上，斜阳之下的山冈变成了暗紫，好像是云海之中礁石。（丽尼鹰之歌） 例4 水是怎样的开心呵，她将那可怜的失路的小红叶儿，推推挤挤的推到一个漩涡里，使他滴滴溜溜的打圈儿；那叶向前不得，向后不得，急得几乎哭出来；水笑嘻嘻的将手一松，他才一溜烟的逃走了。（苏雪林溪水） 例5 最耐寻味是秋日天宇的闲云，那么淡淡然、悠悠然，悄悄远离尘间，对俗世悲欢扰攘，不再有动于衷，.它把一切的赞美与宠爱都隔离在澹澹的秋光外，而只愿做一个闲闲的，远远的，可望不可及的，秋。(罗兰秋颂) 例6 它用竹子做骨架，金字屋顶上，覆盖着蓑衣和松树皮，临河四周也是松树皮编成的女墙，可凭栏品茗，八面来风，即便三伏天，这茶店也是一片清凉的世界。(杨羽仪水乡茶居) 例8 .两块肩胛骨高高凸出，印成一个阳文的“八”字。(鲁迅药) 2.3.7褒贬译法l 1. Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times.l 2. Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work. l 3. The stubborn boy refused to listen to his parents advice. l 4. The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people.Practice：l 5. She is fidgety and restless. l 6. All the inventors have a restless mind. l 7. As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred. l 8. As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic. l 9. The old couple made a persistent effort to search for their daughter lost in the war. l 10. She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone. Chapter 2 1. They are as like as two bees.2. He likes mathematics more than physics.3. Like knows like.4. Right, open your mouth. Let me have a look.5. He hoped to be absolutely right about the issue.6. I must answer that phone, but Ill be back right away.7. The ship righted itself after the big wave had passed.8. In England, we drive on the left side of the road, not the right side.9. He exercised his legal right as President to halt the investigation.10. It serves sb. Right.11. Miss/ Mr. Right12. He is the last man to come.13. He is the last person for such a job.14. He should be the last man to blame.15. This is the last place where I expected to meet you.16. She said:” He is the last man that I would marry.”17. An aggressive country is always ready to start a war.18. An aggressive young man can go far in this film.19. Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President.20. He was polite and always gave advice willi