Oracle 11gR2 rac for linux简明安装手册.docx

Oracle 11gR2 rac for linux简明安装手册04-11 by JOracle 11gR2相对之前的版本(包括11gR1)，clusterware有一个重要的变革，即11gR2将clusterware按照网格的理念放大到一个新的产品，称为Grid Infrastructure。Grid Infrastructure除了具有之前版本中clusterware的功能外，还对clusterware进行了扩展。Grid Infrastructure OUI安装时不再支持将集群文件安装到块设备和raw映射设备。Oracle 11gR2 rac相对之前版本对服务器硬件要求更高，这对真实的生产环境当然没有影响。但是对我们使用虚拟机安装的实验环境会造成空前的压力.在官方安装文档中，对运行Grid Infrastructure的服务器要求至少1.5G内存，如果部署Grid Infrastructure后还要在这台服务器部署Oracle RAC，则需要至少2.5G内存。以下实验环境为:宿主主机: Intel E8500/win7 x64/4x2G/500G虚拟机环境:VMware-server-2.0.2-203138 for win x64,两个虚拟机各3g内存，实际上如果内存紧张的话，两个虚拟机内存可以不一样多，第二个节点可以稍微少分一些。操作系统使用Enterprise-R5-U4-Server-i386，使用PAE内核数据库软件:Grid Infrastructure for linux(11.2.0.1.0) Oracle Database 11g for linux(11.2.0.1.0)Oracle De-install Utility for linux(11.2.0.1.0)工具软件:VMware-vix-1.6.2-203138vmware-vmrc-win32-x86Xmanager-v3.0Build0128Secure CRTPLSQL Developer参考官方文档:e10812,e10840,e10500,e10717,e10718部署一，准备工作1，创建vmware共享磁盘vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 d:vmwarediskcrs.vmdk vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 d:vmwarediskdata1.vmdk vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 d:vmwarediskdata2.vmdk vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 d:vmwarediskdata3.vmdk vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 d:vmwarediskdata4.vmdk vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 d:vmwarediskdata5.vmdk vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 d:vmwarediskdata6.vmdk vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 2Gb -a lsilogic -t 0 d:vmwarediskdata7.vmdk 2,创建2个虚拟机，并修改配置文件scsi1.present = TRUEscsi1.virtualDev = lsilogicscsi1.sharedBus = virtualscsi1:0.present = TRUEscsi1:0.mode = independent-persistentscsi1:0.fileName = d:vmwarediskcrs.vmdkscsi1:0.deviceType = diskscsi1:2.present = TRUEscsi1:2.mode = independent-persistentscsi1:2.fileName = d:vmwarediskshare1.vmdkscsi1:2.deviceType = diskscsi1:3.present = TRUEscsi1:3.mode = independent-persistent scsi1:3.fileName = D:vmwarediskshare4.vmdkscsi1:3.deviceType = diskscsi1:4.present = TRUEscsi1:4.mode = independent-persistent scsi1:4.fileName = D:vmwarediskshare5.vmdkscsi1:4.deviceType = diskscsi1:5.present = TRUEscsi1:5.mode = independent-persistent scsi1:5.fileName = D:vmwarediskshare6.vmdkscsi1:5.deviceType = diskscsi1:6.present = TRUEscsi1:6.mode = independent-persistent scsi1:6.fileName = D:vmwarediskshare7.vmdkscsi1:6.deviceType = diskscsi1:8.present = TRUEscsi1:8.mode = independent-persistent scsi1:8.fileName = D:vmwarediskshare8.vmdkscsi1:8.deviceType = diskscsi1:9.present = TRUEscsi1:9.mode = independent-persistent scsi1:9.fileName = D:vmwarediskshare9.vmdkscsi1:9.deviceType = diskscsi1:10.present = TRUEscsi1:10.mode = independent-persistent scsi1:10.fileName = D:vmwarediskshare10.vmdkscsi1:10.deviceType = diskdisk.locking = FALSEdiskLib.dataCacheMaxSize = 0 diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize = 0 diskLib.dataCacheMinReadAheadSize = 0 diskLib.dataCachePageSize = 4096 diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites = 03，安装虚拟机操作系统并配置环境rootn01 # chkconfig -list|grep onanacron 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offapmd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offavahi-daemon 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offavahi-dnsconfd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offconman 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offcpuspeed 0:off 1:on 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offcrond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offhaldaemon 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offlvm2-monitor 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offmdmonitor 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offnetconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offnetwork 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offnscd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offoracleasm 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offrawdevices 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offrestorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offsmartd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offsshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offsysstat 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:offwdaemon 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offxfs 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off二，Grid Infrastructure1，新特性(1) Automatic Storage Management and Oracle Clusterware Installation11gR2中，asm和clusterware软件是安装到一个home目录(2) Automatic Storage Management and Oracle Clusterware Files11gR2中，ocr和vote文件除了部署到共享文件系统或者nfs之外，还可以部署到asm的磁盘组中。原则上不支持再部署到块设备或者raw设备，但是如果是升级到11gR2还是可以用的。(3) Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (ACFS)11gR2中，asm可以提供集群文件系统给服务器其他应用使用，acfs一样拥有asm在存储上的优点(4) ASM Job Role Separation Option with SYSASM11gR2中，asm管理被从sysdba角色中分离到sysasm(5) Cluster Time Synchronization Service11gR2中，新增的ctss可以保证在集群中没有配置ntp的情况下，实现时间同步。(6) Enterprise Manager Database Control Provisioning新的em在rac配置完成后可以用来对rac进行管理，增加或者改变节点。(7) Fixup Scripts and Grid Infrastructure ChecksGrid Infrastructure安装过程中提供更多的环境配置帮助。(8) SCAN for Simplified Client Accesssingle client access name (SCAN),不同于之前版本的节点vip概念，scan ip绑定为集群中的某项服务，而不是具体服务器。scan可以指定1-3个ip。scan可以配置为与dns或者gns协同合作。scan使集群中的节点变化更加透明。(9) SRVCTL Command Enhancements for Patching增强的srvctl(10) Typical Installation Option安装过程中的典型安装选项。(11) Voting Disk Backup Procedure Change之前版本中需要使用dd来备份vote盘，新版本中在磁盘配置发生变化后系统会自动进行备份，不在需要人工备份。2，配置环境rootn01 # cat /etc/hosts# Do not remove the following line, or various programs# that require network functionality will fail.127.0.0.1 localhost192.168.175.100 n01.localdomain n01192.168.175.101 vip-n01.localdomain vip-n01192.168.1.100 int-n01.localdomain int-n01192.168.175.187 n-cluster-scan192.168.175.200 n02.localdomain n02192.168.175.201 vip-n02.localdomain vip-n02192.168.1.200 int-n02.localdomain int-n02rootn01 # cat /etc/sysctl.conffs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576rootn01 # cat /etc/security/limits.conf grid soft nproc 2047grid hard nproc 16384grid soft nofile 1024grid hard nofile 65536oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536/usr/sbin/useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G dba grid/usr/sbin/useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G dba oracle# mkdir -p /u01/app/grid# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/grid# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracleAsianux Server 3, Enterprise Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:binutils-2.17.50.0.6compat-libstdc+-33-3.2.3elfutils-libelf-0.125elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125gcc-4.1.2gcc-c+-4.1.2glibc-2.5-24glibc-common-2.5glibc-devel-2.5glibc-headers-2.5kernel-headers-2.6.18ksh-20060214libaio-0.3.106libaio-devel-0.3.106libgcc-4.1.2libgomp-4.1.2libstdc+-4.1.2libstdc+-devel-4.1.2make-3.81sysstat-7.0.2unixODBC-2.2.11unixODBC-devel-2.2.113，配置ntp或ctss禁用ntp服务器即可4，配置ssh11gR2在安装过程中可以自动配置5，配置asmrootn01 asm# rpm -qa|grep oracleasmoracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5-2.0.5-1.el5oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5rootn01 asm# oracleasm statusChecking if ASM is loaded: yesChecking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: yesrootn01 asm# oracleasm listdisksCRSDATA1DATA2DATA3DATA4DATA5DATA6DATA7DATA86,安装gridgrid用户runInstaller三，Oracle Database 11g建库前需要另建一个asm磁盘组存放数据文件使用asmca，或者sqlplus均可。rootn01 asm# crs_stat -tName Type Target State Host -ora.CRS.dg ora.up.type ONLINE ONLINE n01 ora.DATA.dg ora.up.type ONLINE ONLINE n01 ora.ER.lsnr ora.er.type ONLINE ONLINE n01 ora.N