大学英语四级选词填空高频30词.doc

高频词汇1. competition n. 竞争，比赛 2. exception n. 例外，除外3. issue n. 问题 / v. 发行，发布 4. phenomenon n. 现象，事件5. recession n. 经济衰退，不景气 6. resource n. 资源，物力7. result n. 结果 / v. 产生 8. survey n. / v. 调查9. variety n. 多样，种类 10. worth n. 财富，价值 / adj. 值得的11. adapt v. 适应 12. analyze v. 分析13. cause n. 原因，理由 / v. 成为的原因，导致 14. determine v. 决定，确定15. invest v. 投资，花费 16. involve v. 包含，牵涉17. maintain v. 保持，保养 18. range v. 把分类，范围从（与from连用）19. reduce v. 减少，缩小 20. specialize v. 专门从事，专攻（与in连用）21. available adj. 可获得的，有空的 22. average adj. 平常的，平均的 / n. 平均水平23. domestic adj. 家庭的，国内的 24. excessive adj. 过度的，极度的25. particular adj. 特别的，详细的 26. suitable adj. 合适的，适当的27. total adj. 总计的（金额等） / n. 总计，总数 28. especially adv. 尤29. really adv. 真，真正 30. increasingly adv. 越来越多地1. similar：相似的；particular：特别的 2. equal：平等的；inequality：不平等3. appropriate：恰当的 4. competitive：竞争的5. in comparison with：与相比 6. by means of：用方法7. be accustomed to：习惯于 8. in short ：简言之9. out of：处于；run out of：用完；go out of：离开 10. associate with：与相关联2015年6月英语四级听力真题：试卷一短对话Short conversations1.W: Im going to give up playing chess. I lost again today.M: Just because you lost? Is that any reason to quit?Q: What does the man imply?2.M: Do you know Sallys new address? Shes got some mail here, and Id like to forward it to her.W: Well, weve not been in touch for quite a while. Lets see. Mary should know it.Q: What does the woman mean?3.W: I missed classes this morning. Could you please lend me your notes?M: My notes? Youve never see my handwriting, have you?Q: What does the man imply?4.M: Im taking my girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her birthday tonight.W: I went there last weekend, I found it rather disappointing.Q: What does the woman mean?5.W: Winter is over at last. Time to put away my gloves and boots.M: Ive been waiting for this for months.Q: What does the man mean?6.W: Thank you for bringing the books back.M: I thought you need them over the weekend. Many thanks for letting me use them.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?7.W: Are you working flexible hours?M: No, Im not. The weather today is so nice, so I decided to walk to work, and that meant I had to leave an hour earlier than usual.Q: What did the man decided to do?8.W: Our plane has been circling for a long time. Why the delay?M: The airport is closed for a while this morning, and things are still not back to normal.Q: What does the man mean?Long conversation长对话二Man: Miss Yamada, did you ever think that you would find yourself living and working in the western world?Woman: No, not really, although Ive always listened to recordings of great orchestras from Europe.Man: So you enjoyed classical music even when you were very young?Woman: Oh, yes. I was an only child.Man: You were born in 1955, is that right?Woman: Yes, I began violin lessons at school when I was 6.Man: As young as that, did you like it?Woman: Oh, yes, very much.Man: When did you first play on your own? I mean, when did you give your first performance?Woman: I think I was 8? No, Nine. I just had my birthday a week before, and my father had bought me a new violin. I played a small piece at the school concert.Man: Did you know then that you would become a professional violinist?Woman: Yes, I think so. I enjoy playing the violin very much, and I didnt mind practicing, sometimes three or four hours a day.Man: And when did you first come to Europe?Woman: I was very lucky. When I was fifteen, I won a scholarship to a college in Paris. That was for a three-year course.Man: How did your parents feel about that?Woman: I think they were pleased and worried at the same time. It was the chance of a lifetime. But of course I would be thousands of miles from home. Anyway, I studied in Paris for three years and then went back to Tokyo.13. What do we know about the woman before she went to Europe?14. What does the woman say about her music experience?15. What does the woman say about her study in Paris?Spot DictationLooking at the basic biology systems, the world is not doing very well. Yet economic indicators show the world is prospering. Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the decade. The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created. How can biological indicators show the opposite of economic indicators?The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resources uses that sustain progress and those uses that will hurt it. The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). In simple terms, this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment. Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped establish a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output. For some time, this seemed to work reasonably well, but serious weakness are now appearing. As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not take into account the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.This basic fault can produce a misleading sense of national economic health. According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forest actually do better than those that preserve their forest. The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for using up the forests.Passage One（预测阅读话题：互联网时代受争议的热点）California has a new program called the Digital Textbook Initiative. Starting this fall with high school math and science, we will be the first state in the nation to provide schools with a state-approved list of digital textbooks. That was Governor in June, talking about his effort to get schools to use materials available free online. He listed reasons why he thinks digital textbooks make sense.California approves traditional textbooks in six-year cycles. Digital ones can offer the latest information. They lighten the load of school bags. They save paper and trees, and make learning more fun and interactive. And above all, he said, they help schools with their finances.The state has had to make severe cuts in school spending because of deep financial problems. More than six million students attend California public schools.Earlier this year, California invited content developers to offer digital math and science materials for high schools. These had to meet at least 90% of the states learning requirements. Specially trained teachers examined 16 textbooks and approved ten of them.Six of the ten were published by the CK 12 Foundation, a non-profit group that had been developing digital science and math books for about two years. The foundation paid teachers and other education professionals to write and edit them. The money came from a group financed by the Khosla Family.California cannot require schools to use the digital textbooks. Individual school districts will have to decide for themselves.Susan Martimo, a California Department of Education official, says she does not expect widespread use right away. Her best guess is that some schools with a lot of technology will be the first to use them, but only in addition to their traditional books.School administrators point out that the texts may be free online, but students need a way to access them. Not everyone has a computer or electronic reader. Schools could print out copies, but that would not help the environment. Also, there is the cost to train teachers to use digital textbooks effectively.1. We learn from the passage that the Digital Textbook Initiative _.A will probably take effect in six yearsB covers all the high school subjectsC has been approved by all statesD is advocated by California state governor2. The main reason for promoting digital textbooks is to _.A help schools save moneyB benefit the environmentC provide interesting materialsD reduce students heavy burden3. What does the author say about CK 12 Foundation?A It approved and produced 16 digital textbooks.B It paid teachers to write digital textbooks.C It is financed by California state government.D It makes money through developing digital textbooks.4. According to Susan Martimo, digital textbooks _.A are not likely to have a widespread useB will soon replace traditional onesC will first be adopted by well-equipped schoolsD are certain to be approved by school districts5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A Schools are reluctant to print out copies.B The use of digital textbooks is not really free.C Students need to pay for computers.D Training teachers to use the textbooks is not efficient.1.答案：D解析：本题为推断题。根据题干关键词Digital Textbook Initiative定位到文章第一段。最后两句提到州长为了让学校使用免费网上资料而作出努力，并列出了他认为电子课本有意义的原因。由此可知，电子课本计划受到州长的支持，故答案应选D。2.答案：A解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词reason，promoting digital textbooks定位到第一段末句和第二段。第二段末尾的above all，道明了最主要的原因，即它们对学习财政有帮助。由此可知，答案应选A。3.答案：B解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词CK 12 Foundation定位到第五段。根据倒数第二句话The foundation paid teachers and other education professionals to write and edit them.可知答案应选B。4.答案：C解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Susan Martimo定位到倒数第二段。根据最后一句话Her best guess is that some schools with a lot of technology will be the first to use them, but only in addition to their traditional books.可知答案应选C。5.答案：B解析：本题为推断题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段。最后一段提到，网上的书可能是免费的，但并不是每个学生都有电脑或电子阅读器。而培训教师有效地使用电子课本也得花钱。由此可知电子课本的使用并不是真正的免费。答案选B。Passage Two（预测话题：医疗）A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning whats happening in their brains.When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons (神经元) are responsible for this processing.Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using a technology called functional magnetic resonance imaging (功能性核磁共振成像), or fMRI, scientists can visualize (使显现) which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich bloodand therefore, which parts are working to process information.An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images.The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see.In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.6. What is responsible for processing a signal sent by peoples eyes?A Oxygen-rich blood.B Neurons in the brain.C A small region of the brain.D The central part of the brain.7. What do we learn from the third paragraph?A Cells in your brain use more oxygen than cells elsewhere.B It is impossible to discover which parts of the brain process