高中宾语从句精讲

宾 语 从 句（The Object Clause）1. I know him . （简单句） 主语 谓语 宾语2. I know who he is . （复杂句）主语 谓语 连词 从句主语 从句谓语 主句 从句3.宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语4.句子结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句一、连词（引导词）1. 由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，用于很多动词后。如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子成分，可以省略。v Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. v We knew（that）we should learn from each other.v She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday. 在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也是宾语从句v Im sorry (that) I dont know .v Were sure (that) our team will win .v Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .2. .由连词if、whether 引导的表示“是否”的宾语从句。Whether, if 在从句中不做句子成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略 v Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag.v Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city.v She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books.3. 由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中既有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分,具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略v Do you know what he said just now ?v I dont remember when we arrived .v I asked him where I could get so much money .v Please tell me who (whom) we have to see .v Do you know what time the plane leaves ?带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句v Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ?v Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?v Please tell us how many students there are in your school ?二、时态1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）v I know he lives here .v I know he lived here ten years ago . v I have heard that he will come tomorrow .2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）v I knew who lived here. v I saw she was talking with her mother. v He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. v He said that he had seen it .3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。v The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth .v He said that light travels much faster than sound三、语序宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分I believe that they will come soon. They wanted to know what they can do for us.Can you tell me who we are going to meet .Does he know French ? They re not sure if /whether they will go to Canada in summer .Did the students have a picnic last Sunday ? Do you know ?Please tell me which book I should read first .Our teacher told us (that) light travels faster than sound in yesterdays class .注意事项1运用虚拟语气的情况在表示：建议 suggest , advise, propose ； 要求demand 、desire、require、request ； 决定 decide； 命令 order、command； 坚决主张 insist； 等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v（虚拟语气） I suggested that you（should）study hard He ordered that we (should) go out at once2.宾语从句中that不可省略的情况宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略： （1）. 当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。 I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better（2）. 当it作形式宾语时。 She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him （3）当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe .3. 如果从句中含有or或or not时，只能用whether而不用ifv Could you tell me whether thats a fast train or not ?v Do you know whether he is right or not ?v I dont care whether hell stay here or not .4. it作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。（1） 动词 + it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + that从句。 that从句中谓语动词前可加should，亦可省略。如：I think it important that you （should） attend the conference.（2） 动词+ it + as + 名词 / 形容词 + 从句。如：The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.（3） 动词+ it + 介词 + that从句。常见的有：owe it to sb. + that从句（把归功于某人）， leave it to sb. + that从句（把留给某人去做）， take it for granted + that从句 （想当然）， keep it in mind + that从句 （记住）。如：I just took it for granted that hed always be around.（4） 动词 + it + 从句。如：I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.英语中少数介词很活跃，能带从句作其宾语。如：I go to see a film except when it rains. 宾语从句练习题类型一：引导词的运用（1） I dont know _or notA whether he is at homeB if he is at homeC that he is at home D whether is he at home（2） This depends on _ the weather is fineA which B whetherC if D that（3） The teacher asked the new student _ class he was inA which B whereC if D that（4） I dont know _ Mr Green will come to see us Hell help us with our EnglishA why B when C how D where（5） Be careful！ Dont break the bottles Do you hear _ I said? David? Yes， MumA what B that C why D if（6） Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is? He may live at NO18 or No 19 of Bridge Street Im not sure of _A where， which B where， whatC what， whichD what， where（7） There is not much difference between the two I really dont know _A what should I chooseB which I should chooseC which should I choose D what I should choose类型二：宾语从句的语序（1）Did you find out _?A she was looking for whose childB whose child was she looking forC whose child she is looking forD whose child she was looking for（2）Are you interested in _?A how did he do it B he did it howC how he did itD he how did it（3）I dont know _ Can you tell me?A how the two players are old B how old are the two playersC the two players are how old D how old the two players are（4） What did the scientist say? He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one dayA he had to flyB he could flyC can he flyD could he fly（5）Excuse me， sir Could you tell me _?A Where the bank nearestB where is the nearest bankC where the nearest bank is D the nearest bank is where（6）She asked Tom _ with his car?A what the matter was B what the matter isC what was the matter D what is the matter类型三：时态（1） Its 7：30 I cant believe you_ cooking dinner yet， SallyA havent started B didnt C dont start D hadnt started（2）The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day A isB was C has beenD will be（3） The teacher said that the earth _round the sunA goesB go C went D will go（4） We d like to tell you that you _the examA have passed B had passed C passD will pass（5） “Could you tell me_?” “ Yes They _ to the library”A where are the twins， have beenB where were the twins， have beenC where the twins are， have goneD， where the twins were， have gone（6） Our father said that he _ a new computer next weekA will buy B have boughtC would buy D buys（7）I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterdayA goesB will goC wentD have gone类型四：其他反意疑问句，it做形式宾语（1）I dont think he is right，_?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo IDdont I（2） He believes she is right， _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis sheDisnt she（3）I thought that he disliked playing football，_?Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid IDdidnt I（4） I find _ important that we practice English every dayA it B this C thatD what（5） You cant imagine